Objective To explore the clinical features,treatment and prognosis of traumatic subdural effusion(TSE)in infants.Methods Data of 51 cases of traumatic subdural effusion in infants admitted to the single center of Dalian Women and Children Medical Center(Group)from February 2013 to February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed,and their clinical manifestations,imaging features,treatment methods and prognosis were summarized and analyzed.Results Fifty-one cases(26 males and 25 females),ranging in age from 1 month to 3 years old of traumatic subdural effusion in infants were reviewed in our hospital,all cases were confirmed by Computed Tomography(CT)examination.31 cases were treated conservatively,29 cases were cured,and 2 cases were treated surgically due to poor conservative treatment.Surgical treatment was performed in 22 cases(including 2 cases who received surgical treatment due to poor conservative treatment).One patient underwent puncture and continuous drainage at the lateral Angle of the anterior fontanelle and was cured.Twenty-one cases underwent cranial drilling,subdural space catheterization for external drainage,and 17 cases(80.95％,17/21)were cured at one time.There were 4 cases(19.05％,4/21)of recurrence after external drainage with catheterization.Two cases were cured by external drainage with Ommaya capsule insertion and intermittent aspiration and fluid drainage.It was changed to subdural peritoneal shunt surgery,and 2 cases were cured after the operation.There was no surgical infection or death in all the children in the group.The median follow-up time ranged from 3 months to 60 months,and the conditions were all stable.Conclusion Traumatic subdural effusion is a common complication after craniocerebral injury in infants and young children.Due to its lack of self-expression,the hidden condition is often ignored.Moreover,the brain tissue of infants and young children is in the growth and development stage,which will affect the development of brain tissue after its onset.

AIM:To investigate the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNA LINC01615 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)cells.METHODS:Transcriptome sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)databases were used to analyze the expres-sion level of LINC01615 in HNSCC cells and its correlation with patient survival.RT-qPCR was used to detect the expres-sion levels of LINC01615 in HNSCC and normal control cells.An siRNA-mediated LINC01615 knockdown HNSCC cell model was established,and high-content screening cell counting,ATP and CCK8 assays were performed to analyze cell proliferation.Transwell assays were conducted to assess cell migration and invasion.Bioinformatics analysis was em-ployed to predict potential target genes of LINC01615 and the biological processes and signaling pathways involved.RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to validate the regulatory effect of LINC01615 on the candidate target gene TEAD2.Transcriptome data from TCGA and GEO databases were analyzed to determine the expression pattern of TEAD2 in HN-SCC.Functional cell experiments were performed to investigate the impact of TEAD2 knockdown on HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion.Rescue experiments were conducted to examine whether LINC01615 influenced the malignant phenotypes(proliferation,migration,and invasion)of HNSCC cells by regulating TEAD2 expression.RESULTS:The expression levels of LINC01615 were significantly higher in HNSCC tissues and cells than those in normal control tissues and cells,respectively(P<0.01).Knockdown of LINC01615 significantly inhibited HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion(P<0.01).Bioinformatics analysis identified 134 candidate target genes of LINC01615,which were primarily en-riched in tumor-related biological processes and signaling pathways,including angiogenesis,regulation of endothelial cell proliferation,regulation of cell migration,HPV infection,Hippo signaling pathway,and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.Knockdown of LINC01615 led to a significant decrease in TEAD2 expression in HNSCC cells(P<0.01).Functional cell studies demonstrated that TEAD2 knockdown suppressed HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion,whereas TEAD2 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of LINC01615 knockdown on these malignant phenotypes.CONCLUSION:LINC01615 is upregulated in HNSCC tissues and cells,functioning as an oncogene.Mechanistic studies reveal that LINC01615 promotes HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion by upregulating TEAD2,a key transcription factor in the Hippo signaling pathway.These findings may provide a novel potential biomarker for the clinical diagnosis and treat-ment of HNSCC.

AIM:To investigate the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNA LINC01615 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)cells.METHODS:Transcriptome sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)databases were used to analyze the expres-sion level of LINC01615 in HNSCC cells and its correlation with patient survival.RT-qPCR was used to detect the expres-sion levels of LINC01615 in HNSCC and normal control cells.An siRNA-mediated LINC01615 knockdown HNSCC cell model was established,and high-content screening cell counting,ATP and CCK8 assays were performed to analyze cell proliferation.Transwell assays were conducted to assess cell migration and invasion.Bioinformatics analysis was em-ployed to predict potential target genes of LINC01615 and the biological processes and signaling pathways involved.RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to validate the regulatory effect of LINC01615 on the candidate target gene TEAD2.Transcriptome data from TCGA and GEO databases were analyzed to determine the expression pattern of TEAD2 in HN-SCC.Functional cell experiments were performed to investigate the impact of TEAD2 knockdown on HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion.Rescue experiments were conducted to examine whether LINC01615 influenced the malignant phenotypes(proliferation,migration,and invasion)of HNSCC cells by regulating TEAD2 expression.RESULTS:The expression levels of LINC01615 were significantly higher in HNSCC tissues and cells than those in normal control tissues and cells,respectively(P<0.01).Knockdown of LINC01615 significantly inhibited HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion(P<0.01).Bioinformatics analysis identified 134 candidate target genes of LINC01615,which were primarily en-riched in tumor-related biological processes and signaling pathways,including angiogenesis,regulation of endothelial cell proliferation,regulation of cell migration,HPV infection,Hippo signaling pathway,and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.Knockdown of LINC01615 led to a significant decrease in TEAD2 expression in HNSCC cells(P<0.01).Functional cell studies demonstrated that TEAD2 knockdown suppressed HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion,whereas TEAD2 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of LINC01615 knockdown on these malignant phenotypes.CONCLUSION:LINC01615 is upregulated in HNSCC tissues and cells,functioning as an oncogene.Mechanistic studies reveal that LINC01615 promotes HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion by upregulating TEAD2,a key transcription factor in the Hippo signaling pathway.These findings may provide a novel potential biomarker for the clinical diagnosis and treat-ment of HNSCC.

Objective To explore the clinical features,treatment and prognosis of traumatic subdural effusion(TSE)in infants.Methods Data of 51 cases of traumatic subdural effusion in infants admitted to the single center of Dalian Women and Children Medical Center(Group)from February 2013 to February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed,and their clinical manifestations,imaging features,treatment methods and prognosis were summarized and analyzed.Results Fifty-one cases(26 males and 25 females),ranging in age from 1 month to 3 years old of traumatic subdural effusion in infants were reviewed in our hospital,all cases were confirmed by Computed Tomography(CT)examination.31 cases were treated conservatively,29 cases were cured,and 2 cases were treated surgically due to poor conservative treatment.Surgical treatment was performed in 22 cases(including 2 cases who received surgical treatment due to poor conservative treatment).One patient underwent puncture and continuous drainage at the lateral Angle of the anterior fontanelle and was cured.Twenty-one cases underwent cranial drilling,subdural space catheterization for external drainage,and 17 cases(80.95％,17/21)were cured at one time.There were 4 cases(19.05％,4/21)of recurrence after external drainage with catheterization.Two cases were cured by external drainage with Ommaya capsule insertion and intermittent aspiration and fluid drainage.It was changed to subdural peritoneal shunt surgery,and 2 cases were cured after the operation.There was no surgical infection or death in all the children in the group.The median follow-up time ranged from 3 months to 60 months,and the conditions were all stable.Conclusion Traumatic subdural effusion is a common complication after craniocerebral injury in infants and young children.Due to its lack of self-expression,the hidden condition is often ignored.Moreover,the brain tissue of infants and young children is in the growth and development stage,which will affect the development of brain tissue after its onset.

Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological features of solitary papillary thyroid isthmus carcinoma (SPTIC) and the therapeutic effect and prognosis of different surgical methods.Methods:A total of 161 patients with SPTIC who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Thyroid Surgery of the First Hospital of Jilin University from Dec. 2012 to Oct. 2021 were selected. Gender, age, body mass index and pathology of the patients were collected and the clinicopathological characteristics of SPTIC were analyzed. They were divided into three groups according to different surgical methods: group A underwent isthmic excision, group B underwent extended isthmic excision, and group C underwent total thyroidectomy. There were 47 patients in group A (8 males and 39 females with an average age of 42.6±9.1 years), 50 patients in group B (11 males and 39 females with an average age of 45.3±11.3 years), and 64 patients in group C (10 males and 54 females with an average age of 46.9±11.4 years). The clinicopathological features and therapeutic effect of the three groups were compared by ANOVA, multiple local rank sum test, χ2 test or Fisher's exact probability method, and the recurrence rate and recurrence free survival (RFS) of the three groups were compared after a follow-up of 6 to 126 months. Results:Among the 161 patients with SPTIC, 132 (82.0%) were female, 130 (80.7%) were younger than 55 years old, BMI (25.1±3.6) kg/m 2, 124 (77.0%) were combined with capsule invasion. There were 53 cases (32.9%) with central lymph node metastasis (CLNM). Subgroup analysis showed that the proportion of males in patients with tumor diameter > 1 cm, the proportion of patients with BMI≥26.0 kg/m 2, the rate of capsular invasion, the rate of extrandular invasion and the rate of CLNM were higher (30.0% vs. 14.0%, P=0.023; 60.0% vs. 33.9%, P=0.004; 97.5% vs. 70.2%, P< 0.001; 42.5% vs. 9.9%, P<0.001; 50.0% vs. 27.3%, P=0.008) ; The CLNM rate was higher in male patients with BMI≥26.0 kg/m 2 and tumor diameter > 1 cm (28.3% vs. 13.0%, P=0.017; 52.8% vs. 34.3%, P=0.024; 37.7% vs. 18.5%, P=0.008). Compared with groups A and B, group C had longer hospitalization days, higher hospitalization costs, longer operation time, more postoperative drainage flow and higher incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism, and the differences were statistically significant (all P< 0.05). Groups A and B were similar in all aspects, with no statistical significance ( P> 0.05 for all). During the follow-up, 3 patients in both group A and B relapsed, while no patients in group C relapsed, and there were no statistically significant differences in the recurrence rate ( P=0.059) or RFS ( P=0.082) among the three groups. Conclusions:The majority of SPTIC were microcarcinomas, but the incidence of tumor combined with capsule invasion was higher, and the tumor size of more than 1 cm was more invasive (capsule invasion rate and extrathyroid invasion rate were higher). SPTIC should be treated as conservatively as possible (isthmic excision or enlarged isthmic excision) .

Objective To investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of tRF-1:30-Gln-CTG-4(tRF-1:30)on the expression of inflammatory factors in high glucose(HG)-induced renal tubular epithelial cells(RTECs).Methods RTECs were divided into the control group,the HG group,the HG+tRF-1:30 mimic group,the HG+tRF-1:30 negative control(NC)group,the HG+si-IKZF2 group and the HG+si-NC group.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)was used to detect the expression levels of tRF-1:30,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)and IKAROS family zinc finger protein 2(IKZF2).Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and MCP-1.Protein expression of IKZF2 was detected by Western blot assay.Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the targeting relationship between tRF-1:30 and IKZF2.Results The expression levels of inflammatory factors were elevated in HG-induced RTECs,and the expression level of tRF-1:30 was decreased(P＜0.05).Overexpression of tRF-1:30 significantly decreased expression levels of inflammatory factors in HG-induced RTECs(P＜0.05),and the expression level of IKZF2 was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Further knockdown of IKZF2 can inhibit the release of inflammatory factors,and the expression level of IKZF2 was down-regulated after overexpression of tRF-1:30.Double luciferase reporting experiment further verified the possible targeting relationship between tRF-1:30 and IKZF2.Conclusion Overexpression of tRF-1:30 inhibits the expression of inflammatory factors in HG-induced RTECs by target binding and negatively regulating the expression of IKZF2.

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of zinc finger protein 281(ZNF281)in high glucose(HG)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and extracellular matrix(ECM)synthesis in renal tubular epithelial cells(RTECs).Methods HG induced RTECs were used to construct a diabetic kidney disease cell model,and cells were divided into the control group,the HG group and the mannitol group.Cell proliferation viability was detected by CCK-8.The expression of ZNF281 was knocked down in HG-treated RTECs using small interfering RNA(siRNA).HG-induced RTECs after knockdown of ZNF281 were divided into the control group,the HG group,the HG+ZNF281 siRNA group and the HG+ZNF281 vector group.Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)was activated using AMPK agonist,acadexin(AICAR),and then cells were divided into the control group,the HG group,the HG+AICAR group and the HG+dimethyl sulfoxide group.The expression levels of ZNF281,EMT and ECM synthesis-related indexes were detected by qPCR and Western blot assay.Results Compared with the control group,the protein and mRNA expression levels of vimentin,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),fibronectin(FN)and collagen Ⅰ(Col Ⅰ)were significantly higher,and the expression of E-cadherin was significantly lower in the HG group.Compared with the HG group,the protein and mRNA expression levels of EMT and ECM synthesis-related indexes were significantly changed in the HG+ZNF281 siRNA group and the HG+AICAR group.The protein and mRNA expression levels of ZNF281 were significantly reduced in the HG+AICAR group compared with the HG group.In cells co-treated with AICAR and transfected with ZNF281 plasmid,the expression levels of vimentin,α-SMA,FN and Col Ⅰ were significantly higher in the AICAR+ZNF281 group,and E-cadherin was significantly lower compared with that of the vector group.Conclusion AMPK inhibits EMT and ECM synthesis in HG-treated RTECs by negatively regulating the expression level of ZNF281.

During coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, the treatment of severe trauma has been impacted. The Consensus on emergency surgery and infection prevention and control for severe trauma patients with 2019 novel corona virus pneumonia was published online on February 12, 2020, providing a strong guidance for the emergency treatment of severe trauma and the self-protection of medical staffs in the early stage of the epidemic. With the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council renaming "novel coronavirus pneumonia" to "novel coronavirus infection" and the infection being managed with measures against class B infectious diseases since January 8, 2023, the consensus published in 2020 is no longer applicable to the emergency treatment of severe trauma in the new stage of epidemic prevention and control. In this context, led by the Chinese Traumatology Association, Chinese Trauma Surgeon Association, Trauma Medicine Branch of Chinese International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Traumatology, the Chinese expert consensus on emergency surgery for severe trauma and infection prevention during coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic ( version 2023) is formulated to ensure the effectiveness and safety in the treatment of severe trauma in the new stage. Based on the policy of the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council and by using evidence-based medical evidence as well as Delphi expert consultation and voting, 16 recommendations are put forward from the four aspects of the related definitions, infection prevention, preoperative assessment and preparation, emergency operation and postoperative management, hoping to provide a reference for severe trauma care in the new stage of the epidemic prevention and control.

Objective:To explore the effect of the location and size of region of interest (ROI) on the measurement of liver fat by means of quantitative computed tomography (QCT).Methods:A total of 98 subjects who were examined with QCT for bone mineral density examination from December 25, 2019 to January 17, 2020 were recruited continuously from the Department of Health Management of Henan Provincial People′s Hospital. The liver fat content was measured by QCT workstation. The ROI was located respectively in the left lobe, the right anterior lobe and the right posterior lobe of the liver, and it was measured independently by the A measurer and B measurer. The central position of the ROI was fixed and the diameter was increased, and it was measured by the A measurer. In this study, Friedman test was used to compare the differences of measurement results in different positions or sizes of ROI, and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) was used to evaluate the repeatability of inter-measurers.Results:There was a significant difference for liver fat content under different positions of ROI (χ2=62.306, P<0.001), but no difference under different seizes of ROI (χ2=1.088, P=0.581). The ICC values of the inter-measurers repeatability analysis of the A measurer and B measurer in the left lobe, right anterior lobe and right posterior lobe of the liver were 0.847, 0.917 and 0.874, all more than 0.75, and the reproducibility was good. Conclusions:When QCT technique is applied to the measurement of liver fat content, the location conditions of ROI may affect results, so it is necessary to select multiple ROI in the whole liver for measurement. The inter-measurers repeatability of QCT in different parts of the liver is good.

Objective:To provide support for the clinical application of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in the measurement of liver fat content, this study evaluated the intra-observer and inter-observer reproducibility of liver fat content measured by QCT in a population receiving physical examinations.Methods:From April to July 2019, 291 people were consecutively selected who underwent QCT examination in the health management department of Henan Provincial People′s Hospital. There were 214 males (73.5%) and 77 females (26.5%), aged 48.7±11.0. We measured liver fat content by QCT workstation. Three observers (A, B, C) measured their liver fat content independently, then observer A performed re-testing two weeks later. The mean value of the two measurements from observer A was taken as the final result. Measurement data were described by mean±SD. Intra-observer and inter-observer reproducibility were assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients ( ICC). Results:The first measurement result for observer A was 10.46±5.55 and the second measurement for observer A was 10.66±5.59, resulting in a final value of 10.56±5.51. The measurement results of observers B and C were 10.70±5.45 and 10.86±5.77, respectively. The ICC value of liver fat content values measured by the three observers was 0.960 (95% CI: 0.951-0.967, P<0.001) and the ICC value of liver fat content values for the two measurements of observer A was 0.953 (95% CI: 0.941-0.962, P<0.001). The ICC values were>0.75, so reproducibility of results was good. Conclusions:If the measurement method is consistent, the results for liver fat content measured by a conventional CT scanner and QCT workstation will have good reproducibility between and within observers, and will also have certain clinical application prospects.