Childhood simple obesity has become a significant public health issue in China. Modern medicine primarily relies on lifestyle interventions and often suffers from poor long-term compliance， while pharmacological options are limited and associated with potential adverse effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） has a long history in the prevention and management of this condition， demonstrating eight distinct advantages， including systematic theoretical foundation， diversified therapeutic approaches， definite therapeutic efficacy， high safety profile， good patient compliance， comprehensive intervention strategies， emphasis on prevention， and stepwise treatment protocols. Additionally， TCM is characterized by six distinctive features： the use of natural medicinal substances， non-invasive external therapies， integration of medicinal dietetics， simple exercise regimens， precise syndrome differentiation， and diverse dosage forms. By combining internal and external treatments， TCM facilitates individualized regimen adjustment and holistic regulation， demonstrating remarkable effects in improving obesity-related metabolic indicators， regulating constitutional imbalance， and promoting healthy behaviors. However， challenges remain， such as inconsistent operational standards， insufficient high-quality clinical evidence， and a gap between basic research and clinical application. Future efforts should focus on accelerating the standardization of TCM diagnosis and treatment， conducting multicenter randomized controlled trials， and fostering interdisciplinary integration， so as to enhance the scientific validity and international recognition of TCM in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

Objective To explore the accuracy of artificial intelligence-based diagnosis of ovarian malignant tumors and the identification of benign and malignant tumors under transabdominal scanning and transvaginal scanning methods. Methods A dataset of transabdominal and transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound images was used and the images were preprocessed to enhance quality. The region of interest was segmented and divided into a training set and a test set. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained on the images in the training set, and the accuracy of the model on the test set was calculated. Results Transvaginal scanning was 14% more accurate in diagnosing malignant ovarian tumors than transabdo-minal scanning on the test set. For identifying the benign and malignant ovarian tumors containing cystic components, a mixture of transvaginal and transabdominal scanning increased the accuracy by 9.7% over transabdominal scanning alone. Conclusion CNN can identify ovarian malignant tumors under both scanning methods, but the accuracy of transvaginal scanning is higher than that of transabdominal scanning, and the CNN model has a higher accuracy in identifying benign and malignant ovarian tumors under transvaginal scanning.

Objective: To understand the distribution characteristics of high-risk populations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among residents aged ≥40 years in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide a basis for comprehensive prevention and control of COPD. Methods: A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method combined with probability proportional to size sampling was used to select residents aged ≥40 years from May to December 2019 in 4 monitoring sites in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for a questionnaire survey. Information on demographics, current or past smoking, severe respiratory infections in childhood, exposure to occupational harmful factors, exposure to indoor polluting fuels, chronic respiratory symptoms, personal history of chronic respiratory diseases, and family history of chronic respiratory diseases was collected. The distribution characteristics of high risk populations of COPD and high-risk factors were analyzed. Results: A total of 2 302 people were surveyed, including 1 234 males (53.61%) and 1 068 females (46.39%). The mean age was (57.87±8.67) years. A total of 2 114 people (91.83%) were exposed to at least one high-risk factor. The exposure rate of risk factors was 87.88%. There were significant differences in the exposure rates of risk factors among residents of different genders, ages, residence, and occupations (all P<0.05). The exposure rate was higher in males than in females, higher in the 50-60 years than in the 60-<70 years, higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and higher among those engaged in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, and water conservancy than among national enterprise clerks, professional and technical personnel, and retirees (all P<0.05). The prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms was 14.73%. There were significant differences in the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms among residents of different residence and occupations (all P<0.05). The prevalence was higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and higher among those engaged in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, and water conservancy than among retirees (all P<0.05). The exposure rate of personal history of chronic respiratory diseases was 10.90%. There were significant differences in the exposure rate of personal history of chronic respiratory diseases among residents of different educational levels, residence, and occupations (all P<0.05). The exposure rate was higher among those with primary education or below and junior high school education than among those with high school education or above, higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and higher among those engaged in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, and water conservancy than among retirees (all P<0.05). The exposure rate of family history of chronic respiratory diseases was 22.85%. The exposure rate was higher in rural areas than in urban areas (P<0.05). Among residents exposed to risk factors, the exposure rate of current or past smoking was 38.84%, the exposure rate of severe respiratory infections in childhood was 2.13%, the exposure rate of occupational harmful factors was 44.27%, and the exposure rate of indoor polluting fuels was 60.12%. The exposure rates of current or past smoking and occupational harmful factors were higher in males and rural residents (all P<0.05). Conclusions The proportion of high-risk populations for COPD among residents aged ≥40 years in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is relatively high. It is recommended to strengthen health education for male residents, rural residents, and those engaged in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, and water conservancy, and to adopt comprehensive prevention and control strategies to reduce the exposure level of risk factors among residents.

Saponins associated with Panax notoginseng (P. notoginseng) demonstrate significant therapeutic efficacy across multiple diseases. However, certain high-yield saponins face limited clinical applications due to their reduced pharmacological efficacy. This study synthesized and evaluated 36 saponin-1,2,3-triazole derivatives of ginsenosides Rg1/Rb1 and notoginsenoside R1 for anti-adipogenesis activity in vitro. The research revealed that the ginsenosides Rg1-1,2,3-triazole derivative a17 demonstrates superior adipogenesis inhibitory effects. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) analysis indicates that incorporating an amidyl-substituted 1,2,3-triazole into the saponin side chain via Click reaction enhances anti-adipogenesis activity. Additionally, several other derivatives exhibit general adipogenesis inhibition. Compound a17 demonstrated enhanced potency compared to the parent ginsenoside Rg1. Mechanistic investigations revealed that a17 exhibits dose-dependent inhibition of adipogenesis in vitro, accompanied by decreased expression of preadipocytes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) adipogenesis regulators. These findings establish the ginsenoside Rg1-1,2,3-triazole derivative a17 as a promising adipocyte differentiation inhibitor and potential therapeutic agent for obesity and associated metabolic disorders. This research provides a foundation for developing effective therapeutic approaches for various metabolic syndromes.
Adipogenesis/drug effects* ; Triazoles/chemical synthesis* ; Ginsenosides/chemical synthesis* ; Saponins/chemical synthesis* ; Animals ; Mice ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; PPAR gamma/genetics* ; 3T3-L1 Cells ; Adipocytes/metabolism* ; Panax notoginseng/chemistry* ; Drug Design ; Molecular Structure ; Humans ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects* ; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/genetics*

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of children with chronic myeloid leukemia in the blast phase (CML-BP) .Methods:The clinical characteristics, treatment measures, and survival outcomes of 28 children with CML-BP were analyzed in our hospital from January 2008 to November 2022.Results:The male to female ratio of the 28 children with CML-BP was 1.15∶1. The median age of diagnosis of CML-BP was 10 years, and the median follow-up time was 79 months. During the diagnosis of CML, four children were in the BP, one was in the accelerated phase (AP) and 23 children were in the chronic phase (CP). Among the 23 children with CML-CP, 75% had progressed directly from CP to BP without experiencing the AP. Among the children diagnosed with CML-BP, 71.4% were classified as chronic myeloid leukemia lymphoid blast phase (CML-LBP), 25.0% belonged to the chronic myeloid leukemia myeloid blast phase (CML-MBP), and 3.6% belonged to the chronic myeloid leukemia mixed phenotype acute leukemia (CML-MPAL). Treatment with hemaopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) after tyosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) combined with chemotherapy was administered to 19 children, two children received HSCT after TKI alone, and seven children received TKI combined with chemotherapy but without HSCT. The 5-year overall survival of the 28 children with CML-BP was 59.3%.Conclusion:The direct progression of BP from CP is greater in children with CML-BP compared with adults, and the overall prognosis of children with CML-BP is poor.

Objective Previous studies have shown that the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index reflects insulin resistance and predicts the risk of ischemic stroke. Massive cerebral infarction, as a type of ischemic stroke with poor prognosis, is often more prone to complications and sequelae. However, no studies have yet explored the relationship between the TyG index and massive cerebral infarction. This study aims to investigate the role of the TyG index in assessing the infarct area in ischemic stroke. Methods This retrospective study included 212 adult patients with ischemic stroke diagnosed by cranial magnetic resonance imaging and admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to June 2024. The patients were divided into massive cerebral infarction group and non-massive cerebral infarction group according to the study purpose. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed on each group using SPSS 26 software. The receiver operating characteristic curves were analyzed for the prediction models. Results Variables with P＜0.2 in the univariable logistic regression analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. The results showed that age (OR 1.043, 95% CI 1.004-1.084, P＜0.05), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (OR 22.986, 95% CI 8.679-60.882, P＜0.001), and TyG index (OR 1.729, 95% CI 1.017-2.941, P＜0.05) were significant predictors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the predictive model was 0.868 (P＜0.001), indicating high predictive performance. Conclusion The TyG index is an independent risk factor for massive cerebral infarction. The combination of the TyG index with clinical laboratory indicators can effectively predict massive cerebral infarction.

Objective Previous studies have shown that the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index reflects insulin resistance and predicts the risk of ischemic stroke. Massive cerebral infarction, as a type of ischemic stroke with poor prognosis, is often more prone to complications and sequelae. However, no studies have yet explored the relationship between the TyG index and massive cerebral infarction. This study aims to investigate the role of the TyG index in assessing the infarct area in ischemic stroke. Methods This retrospective study included 212 adult patients with ischemic stroke diagnosed by cranial magnetic resonance imaging and admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to June 2024. The patients were divided into massive cerebral infarction group and non-massive cerebral infarction group according to the study purpose. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed on each group using SPSS 26 software. The receiver operating characteristic curves were analyzed for the prediction models. Results Variables with P＜0.2 in the univariable logistic regression analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. The results showed that age (OR 1.043, 95% CI 1.004-1.084, P＜0.05), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (OR 22.986, 95% CI 8.679-60.882, P＜0.001), and TyG index (OR 1.729, 95% CI 1.017-2.941, P＜0.05) were significant predictors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the predictive model was 0.868 (P＜0.001), indicating high predictive performance. Conclusion The TyG index is an independent risk factor for massive cerebral infarction. The combination of the TyG index with clinical laboratory indicators can effectively predict massive cerebral infarction.

【Objective】 To investigate the development of adaptability in children aged 2 - 6, and to explore its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for promoting the development of adaptability in young children. 【Methods】 Data were from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children in China, and 3 319 children aged 2 - 6 and their parents from 28 sites across 14 provinces were recruited in this study.The Development Scale for Children Aged 0 - 6 years (WS/T 580-2017) was used to measure the developmental quotient of children′s adaptive ability, and a survey questionnaire was used to collect relevant information about children and their parents. 【Results】 Among 3 319 children aged 2 - 6, the proportion of slightly low or low level of adaptability, moderate adaptability development, good and excellent adaptability development was 7.68%,66.25% and 26.06%, respectively.The proportion of children aged 5 - 6 with good and excellent adaptability was lower in 3-year-old and 4-year-old groups (χ²=59.29, P<0.05).Multiple stepwise linear regression showed that children′s gender (β=0.06), gestational age of birth (β=-0.05), only child (β=-0.04), left-behind child (β=-0.04), the main caregiver (β=-0.06), and the education level of parents (β=0.09, 0.10), whether parents actively pay attention to children′s emotions (β=-0.06) and whether children play with homemade toys (β=-0.04) were the influencing factors of children′s adaptive development quotient.Girls, full-term children, only children, non-left-behind children, children with parents as main caregivers, parents with a high level of education, parents who often take the initiative to pay attention to children′s emotions, and children who play with homemade toys had a higher level of adaptability development quotient. 【Conclusions】 The development level of adaptability in children aged 2 - 6 in China is mostly above the average level and is related to multiple factors.Targeted intervention work can be carried out on relevant factors in order to promote the development of children′s adaptability.

Objective:To explore the predictive effect of European treatment and outcome study long term survival (ELTS) score on survival outcomes in chronic myeloid leukemia of chronic phase (CML-CP) children.Methods:A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted. Clinical data of 216 children with CML-CP in Peking University People′s Hospital from January 2010 to December 2023 were analyzed. Children were divided into low, intermediate and high-risk groups according to ELTS score. The survival outcomes and prognostic factors were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method and Log-Rank test were used for survival analysis.Cox regression model was applied for analysis of prognostic factors.Results:Among the 216 children with CML-CP, there were 122 males and 94 females, with the diagnosis age of 11.0 (8.0, 14.7) years. The follow-up time was 77 (57, 99) months. According to ELTS score, 145, 52, and 19 children were classified as low, intermediate and high-risk group. For the low-risk and intermediate/high-risk groups, the 6-year failure-free survival (FFS) rates were (83.0±3.1)% and (64.6±5.7)%, the 6-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were (91.4±2.3)% and (78.7±4.8)%, and the 6-year event-free survival (EFS) rates were (80.8±3.3)% and (64.2±5.7)%, with statistically significant difference ( χ2=9.45, 7.16, 7.40, P=0.002, 0.007, 0.007), respectively.The 6-year overall survival (OS) rates were (98.5±1.0)% and (95.6±2.4)%, without statistically significant difference ( χ2=0.35, P=0.550). Multivariate analysis showed that ELTS score was an independent prognostic factor or tendency for FFS ( HR=1.97, 95% CI 1.11-3.49), PFS ( HR=2.95, 95% CI 1.18-7.39), and no independent prognostic factor for EFS and OS were found. Conclusions:ELTS score at diagnosis can help stratify the risk of children with CML-CP. The children in intermediate/high-risk group are more likely to have treatment failure, disease progression than those in low-risk group, but the predictive ability of ELTS score for OS is limited.

Objective:To analyze the neurocognitive abnormalities and related emotional and behavioral problems in 410 adolescent patients with Turner syndrome (TS) managed in Henan Children′s Hospital in the past 5 years, and to explore the relationship between neurocognitive abnormalities and chromosome karyotype, pubertal development, hormone replacement therapy.Methods:A retrospective case series study.A total of 410 adolescent patients who were diagnosed with TS by karyotype or fluorescence in situ hybridization in the outpatient or inpatient Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism at Henan Children′s Hospital from June 2018 to June 2023 were selected and divided into 2 groups according to age: < 12 years old and 12-18 years old.Neurocognitive assessments were performed based on the results of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale (4 th edition) for children and behavior scales for children, SPSS 22.0 software was used for data processing and statistical analysis, and chi-square test was used to analyze the correlation between chromosome karyotype, intelligence development level, pubertal development status, hormone therapy status and the occurrence of neuropsychiatric diseases. Results:Among the 410 TS patients, 207 cases had the karyotype of 45, X0/46, XX, accounting for 50.49%, 94 cases had the monosomic karyotype of 45, X0, accounting for 22.93%.Forty-six patients completed the Wechsler intelligence test, with the intelligence quotient (IQ) score ranging from 70 to 105, with high verbal comprehension and perceptual reasoning scores and low processing speed and working memory scores on all assessments.Fifty-two patients completed the hyperactivity scale assessment, and 43 cases had a predisposition to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).There were no significant differences in total IQ, perceptual reasoning and processing speed among the children with karyotype 45, X0, chimeric, and X chromosome structural abnormalities ( H=3.161, 1.955, 5.890, all P>0.05), while there were significant differences in verbal comprehension and working memory among the three groups ( H=7.697, 9.694, all P<0.05).Among TS patients 12-18 years old, 68 cases completed the depression scale self-assessment, of which 23 cases had depressive tendencies.There was no correlation between depressive tendency and chromosome karyotype, pubertal development and hormone replacement therapy ( P>0.05). Conclusions:TS patients generally have low intelligence levels and tend to have ADHD in childhood.TS patients in the pubertal development have a high incidence of depression.Pubertal development status and hormone replacement therapy show no correlation with the occurrence of neuropsychiatric diseases in TS patients.