OBJECTIVE To evaluate the status of microbial contamination in the environment of respiratory tract specimens sampling rooms and observe the association of the factors such as design and layouts of the sampling rooms with the potential risk of infections in the environment so as to provide scientific bases for optimizing the construction standards of fever clinics of the medical institutions.METHODS The sampling rooms of fever clinic were chosen from 10 tertiary or above medical institutions of Hangzhou,and the samples were collected from the key sites such as air,object surfaces and hands of health care workers.The respiratory tract pathogens in the sam-ples were detected by FilmArray full-automatic medical PCR analysis system,and the pathogens in the samples were detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS).The data including the areas,windows,mechanical ventilation facilities,physical partitions,frequencies and modes of disinfection and daily amounts of diagnosis and treatment of the 10 sampling rooms were investigated,and the univariate analysis was performed for their association with the microbial contamination of environment.RESULTS The isolation rate of respiratory tract pathogens was 10.00％(4/40),respiratory syn-cytial virus,human rhinovirus and adenovirus were dominant among the respiratory tract pathogens.The isolation rate of bacteria was 71.88％(23/32),Staphylococcus ho minis and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the major species of opportunistic pathogens isolated.The result of univariate analysis indicated that both the presence of windows(P=0.012)and mechanical ventilation facilities(P=0.047)were associated with the potential risk of infections in the environment(P＜0.05);while the factors such as the areas of sampling rooms,physical parti-tions,disinfection modes and daily amounts of diagnosis and treatment were not remarkably associated with the potential risk of infections in the environment.CONCLUSION It is an effective way to physically separate the air-flow from other areas or fix the mechanical ventilation facilities to create proper airflow during the construction of fever clinic sampling rooms so as to reduce the potential risk of infections in the environment of sampling rooms.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the status of microbial contamination in the environment of respiratory tract specimens sampling rooms and observe the association of the factors such as design and layouts of the sampling rooms with the potential risk of infections in the environment so as to provide scientific bases for optimizing the construction standards of fever clinics of the medical institutions.METHODS The sampling rooms of fever clinic were chosen from 10 tertiary or above medical institutions of Hangzhou,and the samples were collected from the key sites such as air,object surfaces and hands of health care workers.The respiratory tract pathogens in the sam-ples were detected by FilmArray full-automatic medical PCR analysis system,and the pathogens in the samples were detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS).The data including the areas,windows,mechanical ventilation facilities,physical partitions,frequencies and modes of disinfection and daily amounts of diagnosis and treatment of the 10 sampling rooms were investigated,and the univariate analysis was performed for their association with the microbial contamination of environment.RESULTS The isolation rate of respiratory tract pathogens was 10.00％(4/40),respiratory syn-cytial virus,human rhinovirus and adenovirus were dominant among the respiratory tract pathogens.The isolation rate of bacteria was 71.88％(23/32),Staphylococcus ho minis and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the major species of opportunistic pathogens isolated.The result of univariate analysis indicated that both the presence of windows(P=0.012)and mechanical ventilation facilities(P=0.047)were associated with the potential risk of infections in the environment(P＜0.05);while the factors such as the areas of sampling rooms,physical parti-tions,disinfection modes and daily amounts of diagnosis and treatment were not remarkably associated with the potential risk of infections in the environment.CONCLUSION It is an effective way to physically separate the air-flow from other areas or fix the mechanical ventilation facilities to create proper airflow during the construction of fever clinic sampling rooms so as to reduce the potential risk of infections in the environment of sampling rooms.

Objective To evaluate the role of classⅠhistone deacetylase (HDAC) in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I∕R) injury in diabetic rats and the relationship with adenosine monophosphate-acti- vated protein kinase (AMPK)∕mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Methods SPF healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 210-220 g, were used in this study. Type I diabetes mellitus was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin dissolved in citrate buffer 60 mg∕kg, and 8 weeks later the rats with type I diabetes mellitus were used for experiment. Forty-eight diabetic rats were divided into 4 groups (n＝12 each) by using a random number table method: sham operation group (group S), myocardial I∕R group (group I∕R), myocardial I∕R plus class I HDAC inhibitor MS-275 group (group I∕R+MS) and myocardial I∕R plus MS-275 plus AMPK inhibitor Compound C group ( group I∕R+MS+CC). Myocardial I∕R was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary ar-tery for 45 min followed by 180 min of reperfusion in anesthetized rats. In group I∕R+MS, MS-275 10 mg∕kg was intraperitoneally injected once a day for 7 consecutive days, and myocardial I∕R was produced after the end of administration. AMPK inhibitor Compound C 0. 5 mg∕kg was intravenously injected at 30 min before ischemia in group I∕R+MS+CC. Six rats were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion for determina-tion of myocardial infarct size. Another 6 rats were selected at the end of reperfusion and sacrificed for deter-mination of the level of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum (by en-zyme-linked immunosorbent assay), expression of AMPK, phosphorylated AMPK ( p-AMPK), mTOR, phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), ubiquitin-binding protein P62 (P62), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅰ(LC3 Ⅰ) and LC3Ⅱ in myocardial tissues (by Western blot). The ratios of p-AMPK∕AMPK, p-mTOR∕mTOR and LC3Ⅱ∕Ⅰwere calculated. Results Compared with group S, the myocardial infarct size and levels of serum CK-MB and LDH were significantly increased in I∕R, I∕R+MS and I∕R+M+CC groups, the ratios of p-AMPK∕AMPK and LC3Ⅱ∕Ⅰwere significantly increased, p-mTOR∕mTOR ratio was decreased, and P62 expression was down-regulated in group I∕R+MS (P＜0. 05), and no significant change was found in p-AMPK∕AMPK ratio, p-mTOR∕mTOR ratio, LC3Ⅱ∕Ⅰ ratio or P62 expression in I∕R and I∕R+M+CC groups (P＞0. 05). Compared with group I∕R, the myocardial infarct size and levels of serum CK-MB and LDH were significantly decreased, the ratios of p-AMPK∕AMPK and LC3Ⅱ∕Ⅰwere in-creased, p-mTOR∕mTOR ratio was decreased, and P62 expression was down-regulated in group I∕R+MS (P＜0. 05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group I∕R+M+CC (P＞0. 05). Compared with group I∕R+MS, the myocardial infarct size and levels of serum CK-MB and LDH were significantly increased, the ratios of p-AMPK∕AMPK and LC3Ⅱ∕Ⅰ were decreased, p-mTOR∕mTOR ratio was increased, and P62 expression was up-regulated in group I∕R+M+CC ( P＜0. 05). Con-clusion Class Ⅰ HDAC is involved in myocardial I∕R injury through enhancing AMPK∕mTOR signaling pathway-regulated level of autophagy in diabetic rats.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of MTHFR C677T and MS A2756G polymorphism with semen quality in China. METHODS: The experimental group included 75 males with oligospermia, asthenospermia or teratospermia. The control group included 72 fertile males with normal fertility and sperm quality. The differences in the frequency of genetic polymorphism of MTHFR C677T and MS A2756G in the 2 groups were analyzed, and the plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level in both groups was detected. RESULTS: The frequency of MTHFR C677T genotypes (CT, TT and CT+TT) in the abnormal sperm group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and it was the same case for T allele between the 2 groups (P<0.05). There was no difference in the frequency of MS A2756G genotypes between the two groups (P>0.05). The Hcy level in abnormal sperm group was higher than that in the control group. In all subjects, the Hcy level of the MTHFR genotypes (CT, TT and CT+TT) was higher than that of the CC genotype, with no difference among the three MS A2756G genotypes. CONCLUSION CT and TT genotypes of MTHFR C677T are associated with abnormal sperm, which might be part of the pathogenesis of abnormal sperms. T allele may be the risk factor in China. The one mechanism of the association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and semen quality could be higher Hcy level. MS A2756G polymorphism may not associate with semen quality in China.
Alleles ; China ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk Factors ; Semen Analysis