Objective: To investigate the incidence, characteristics, and influencing factors of resolution discrepancies within the minipool (MP) testing model across Chinese blood station laboratories in 2024. Methods: A nationwide, multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted, including 334 blood station laboratories that reported nucleic acid reactive data among enzyme immunoassay non-reactive samples. Of these, 296 laboratories adopted the pool resolution model, with a total of 12 536 273 samples tested. Systematic analysis was performed on resolution data, focusing on the MP-NAT reactivity rate, the pool resolution concordance rate, and the resolution discrepancy rate. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on reagent types, viral targets, and Ct values. Potential causes were further explored through laboratory surveys and re-examination of raw amplification curves. Results: In 2024, the national average MP-NAT reactivity rate was 0.15%. The overall pool resolution concordance rate was 57.86%, which showed a gradual decline as Ct values increased across all reagents. The national average resolution discrepancy rate was 0.081‱(102/12 536 273), with 17.91%(53/296) of laboratories reporting at least one discrepancy. Nine reagent types were associated with these events, exhibiting reagent-specific patterns. For Reagent A2, the predominant discrepancy was HBV reactive pools resolving as HIV (36.36%); for Reagent D1, HBV pools frequently resolved as HCV (38.89%); and for Reagent E, the most common pattern was HIV pools resolving as HBV (48.00%). These resolution discrepancies were strongly associated with high Ct values: the median pool Ct for HBV exceeded 38, while those for HCV and HIV both exceeded 40. Investigations across 16 laboratories revealed that most discrepant samples exhibited “tailing” amplification curves, with some cases linked to cross-contamination or reagent batch-specific issues. Conclusion: While the incidence of resolution discrepancies in the MP-NAT model remains low in China, variations exist across different reagents and laboratories. These discrepancies are closely associated with low viral load, reagent performance, and laboratory operational practices.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide,with atherosclerosis(AS)-its core pathological manifestation-representing a multifactorial-driven chronic inflammatory disorder.The pathogenesis of AS involves intricate pathological mechanisms including dyslipidemia,inflammatory cascades,and plaque vulnerability,whose complexity necessitates animal models capable of accurately recapitulating specific pathological features.Genetically engineered murine models have emerged as pivotal tools for deciphering AS mechanisms,owing to their genetic manipulability,phenotypic traceability,and molecular conservation with human pathophysiology.This review provides a systematic overview of current methodologies for establishing AS mouse models,with particular emphasis on evaluating the pathological fidelity of dietary induction approaches,genetic modification strategies[notably apolipoprotein E(ApoE)-/-and low density lipoproteins receptor(LDLr)-/-models],and physical injury paradigms.

Objective To investigate the effects of sample transport and sorting system on the detection results of common clinical bio-chemical and immunological items carried out in our laboratory.Methods A total of 25 patients admitted to Zidong Hospital of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in June 2024 were included in this study,and four blood samples were collected from each patients using vacuum blood vessels with separation gel containing coagulant.These samples were transferred to the laboratory department through manual transport or pneumatic logistics transmission,and the manual sorting approach or intelligent blood vessel sorting system was used to encode the samples.The effects of different sample transportation methods and sorting methods on the detec-tion results of 46 clinical biochemical parameters,12 tumor markers and 5 thyroid hormone items,which were carried out in our labora-tory,were analyzed and compared.Results No significant change on hemolytic index(HI)was found through pneumatic tube system(PTS)and intelligent blood vessel sorting system(P＞0.05).The results of AST,CK-MB,α-HBDH,and LDH in clinical biochemical parameters following PTS were significantly different from those in artificial transport group(all P＜0.05).Both the results of Cyfra21-1 and NSE in immunological items in the samples after PTS transport were significantly different from those obtained by either manual transport or intelligent sorting system,with statistical significance(all P＜0.05).Conclusion PTS basically meets the requirements of clinical laboratories,but it can lead to the increase of AST,CK-MB,α-HBDH and LDH in clinical biochemistry,as well as Cyfra21-1 and NSE in immunology,which needs to be further improved,refined,and validated in order to meet the clinical requirements.

Objective To investigate the effects of sample transport and sorting system on the detection results of common clinical bio-chemical and immunological items carried out in our laboratory.Methods A total of 25 patients admitted to Zidong Hospital of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in June 2024 were included in this study,and four blood samples were collected from each patients using vacuum blood vessels with separation gel containing coagulant.These samples were transferred to the laboratory department through manual transport or pneumatic logistics transmission,and the manual sorting approach or intelligent blood vessel sorting system was used to encode the samples.The effects of different sample transportation methods and sorting methods on the detec-tion results of 46 clinical biochemical parameters,12 tumor markers and 5 thyroid hormone items,which were carried out in our labora-tory,were analyzed and compared.Results No significant change on hemolytic index(HI)was found through pneumatic tube system(PTS)and intelligent blood vessel sorting system(P＞0.05).The results of AST,CK-MB,α-HBDH,and LDH in clinical biochemical parameters following PTS were significantly different from those in artificial transport group(all P＜0.05).Both the results of Cyfra21-1 and NSE in immunological items in the samples after PTS transport were significantly different from those obtained by either manual transport or intelligent sorting system,with statistical significance(all P＜0.05).Conclusion PTS basically meets the requirements of clinical laboratories,but it can lead to the increase of AST,CK-MB,α-HBDH and LDH in clinical biochemistry,as well as Cyfra21-1 and NSE in immunology,which needs to be further improved,refined,and validated in order to meet the clinical requirements.

Objective To explore the clinical features,treatment and prognosis of traumatic subdural effusion(TSE)in infants.Methods Data of 51 cases of traumatic subdural effusion in infants admitted to the single center of Dalian Women and Children Medical Center(Group)from February 2013 to February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed,and their clinical manifestations,imaging features,treatment methods and prognosis were summarized and analyzed.Results Fifty-one cases(26 males and 25 females),ranging in age from 1 month to 3 years old of traumatic subdural effusion in infants were reviewed in our hospital,all cases were confirmed by Computed Tomography(CT)examination.31 cases were treated conservatively,29 cases were cured,and 2 cases were treated surgically due to poor conservative treatment.Surgical treatment was performed in 22 cases(including 2 cases who received surgical treatment due to poor conservative treatment).One patient underwent puncture and continuous drainage at the lateral Angle of the anterior fontanelle and was cured.Twenty-one cases underwent cranial drilling,subdural space catheterization for external drainage,and 17 cases(80.95％,17/21)were cured at one time.There were 4 cases(19.05％,4/21)of recurrence after external drainage with catheterization.Two cases were cured by external drainage with Ommaya capsule insertion and intermittent aspiration and fluid drainage.It was changed to subdural peritoneal shunt surgery,and 2 cases were cured after the operation.There was no surgical infection or death in all the children in the group.The median follow-up time ranged from 3 months to 60 months,and the conditions were all stable.Conclusion Traumatic subdural effusion is a common complication after craniocerebral injury in infants and young children.Due to its lack of self-expression,the hidden condition is often ignored.Moreover,the brain tissue of infants and young children is in the growth and development stage,which will affect the development of brain tissue after its onset.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of Dengue virus (DENV) infection among voluntary blood donors in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, and to evaluate the necessity of implementing nucleic acid testing (NAT) for blood donors during the rainy season (May-October). Methods: Prior to initiating donor screening, the Xishuangbanna Central Blood Center conducted in-house validation of reagent performance and participated in external quality assessment (EQA) organized by the National Center for Clinical Laboratories (NCCL). During the surveillance period (August-October 2024), a total of 2 919 donor samples were screened using a 6-sample mini-pool NAT strategy. Daily internal quality controls were recorded. Samples that tested positive in pooled screening were deconvoluted and retested in duplicate; only those reactive in both replicate wells were sent to the NCCL for confirmatory testing. At NCCL, samples underwent re-testing using five domestic NAT reagents, as well as serological assays for NS1 antigen and DENV-specific IgG/IgM. Confirmed positive samples were further characterized by serotyping, envelope (E) gene sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis using the maximum likelihood method. Results: The DENV NAT reagent demonstrated consistent detection of 40 copies/mL controls in individual donor (ID)-NAT test (mean CT: 35.61±0.40). During the 63-day quality control monitoring, DENV detection remained stable (mean CT: 22.53±0.72). The center achieved full marks in EQA assessments for 2023 and 2024. Three reactive pools were identified in initial screening, and subsequent individual testing confirmed three DENV RNA-positive donors (sample numbers: 2401, 2402, and 2403). The confirmatory test results from NCCL were: all five NAT platforms consistently detected DENV RNA in the three samples; for serological tests, 2 samples (2402, 2403) were positive for NS1 antigen, while all three samples were negative for both IgG and IgM antibodies. DENV serotyping reagents identified DENV-2 in all cases, which were further confirmed as DENV-2 Genotype Ⅱ-Cosmopolitan by E gene sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that samples 2401 and 2402 clustered with Southeast Asian strains (Thailand/MZ636802.1, Laos/PQ775621.1), while sample 2403 closely matched a previously reported local Yunnan strain (PV544686.1). Conclusion: DENV-2 infection was detected among blood donors in Xishuangbanna during the rainy season, indicating concurrent risks of imported and local transmission. We recommend implementing pooled NAT screening for blood donors in high-risk areas during dengue epidemic seasons, along with strengthened laboratory quality control, to enhance blood safety.

Objective:To exploring the value of MR neuroimaging for quantitative assessment of the facial nerve and peripheral lymph nodes in patients with acute peripheral facial paralysis. Methods:Based on a prospective experimental design, 32 patients with idiopathic peripheral facial palsy were enrolled in the experiment. Based on MR neuroimaging technology, MR high-resolution thin-layer images of bilateral facial nerves were acquired. The diameters of different segments of the bilateral facial nerve were measured, including the labyrinthine segment, the geniculate ganglion, the horizontal segment, the vertical segment, the stem-mammary foramen segment, the trunk of the parotid segment, the temporal trunk, and the cervical trunk, as well as the quantitative indicators of peri-auricular and parotid lymph nodes（number, length and diameter of the largest lymph nodes）. Differences in quantitative indices of nerve diameter and peripheral lymph nodes between the paraplegic and healthy sides were compared using the paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results:The diameter of geniculate ganglion, mastoid foramen stem, parotid main trunk, temporal facial trunk, and cervical facial trunk were notably increased on the facial paralysis side compared to the contralateral side（P<0.05）. However, no significant differences were observed in the diameter of labyrinthine segment, horizontal segment, or vertical segment compared to the contralateral side. There were significantly more periauricular lymph nodes on the facial paralysis side than the contralateral side（P=0.001）. Conclusion:MR neuroimaging enables the quantitative assessment of structural changes in the facial nerve of patients with acute peripheral facial paralysis, demonstrating nerve enlargement in the geniculate ganglion, stylomastoid foramen segment, main trunk of the parotid segment, temporal facial trunk, and cervical facial trunk. Additionally, an increased number of periauricular lymph nodes is observed on the affected side. These findings may aid clinicians in assessing the efficacy of treatments and predict the prognosis of these patients.
Humans ; Facial Nerve/diagnostic imaging* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Prospective Studies ; Female ; Male ; Neuroimaging/methods* ; Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging* ; Facial Paralysis/diagnostic imaging* ; Adult ; Middle Aged

[Objective] To obtain accurate data on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels among blood donors in China and to explore the necessity of adjusting the qualification criteria for ALT. [Methods] A collaborative study was conducted involving 26 blood centers and 7 central blood stations with an annual testing volume exceeding 100 000 samples. Between December 1 and 15, 2024, pre-donation ALT testing was suspended for 1-2 days for all whole blood donations. ALT levels were measured only post-donation using standard laboratory equipment and reagents. All transfusion-transmitted infectious disease-related serological and nucleic acid testing, including hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA testing, were performed. Within one week of testing completion, anonymized data on basic donor information, routine test results, and HEV RNA results were collected and statistically analyzed. [Results] A total of 21 345 blood donors were included in the study, with an ALT disqualification rate of 7.6% (1 623/21 345). The disqualification rate was 9.6% (1 453/15 205) for males and 2.8% (170/6 140) for females. There were significant regional variations in both the disqualification rates and levels of ALT, with Shaanxi Province exhibiting the highest disqualification rate (12.3%, 87/710) and Yunnan Province the lowest (2.9%, 19/652). Among the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), Beijing recorded the lowest ALT levels. ALT levels varied across different age groups and genders. Among all samples tested by HEV RNA, the HEV RNA positive rate was 0.29‰ (6/21 003). HCV infection was found to directly affect ALT levels, while HBV, HIV, syphilis, and HEV infections did not significantly impact ALT disqualification rates. It is recommended to adjust the ALT qualification criteria to twice the upper limit of the clinical reference range, which would increase the number of eligible blood donations by 6.61% (1 293/19 550). [Conclusion] In China, the ALT levels of blood donors are correlated with gender, age, geographical region, and HCV infection status. Appropriately raising the ALT eligibility criteria to ≤100 U/L for male donors and ≤80 U/L for female donors could expand the pool of eligible donors and reduce the blood discard rate while ensuring blood safety.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of canagliflozin or semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）poorly controlled with metformin. METHODS Based on the perspective of China’s health system， a Markov model was used to calculate the long-term costs and utilities of canagliflozin or semaglutide combined with metformin for T2DM patients in China for 30 years based on the data from SUSTAIN 8 study. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio（ICER） and incremental net monetary benefit （INMB） were calculated using one time the 2024 per capita gross domestic product（GDP） as the willingness-to-pay（WTP） threshold. One-way sensitivity analysis， probability sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis were conducted to confirm the stability of the conclusions. RESULTS Compared with canagliflozin + metformin， ICER of semaglutide combined with metformin was 260 485.67 yuan/quality-adjusted life year （QALY），which was higher than the WTP threshold set in this study （95 749 yuan/QALY），and the corresponding INMB was －61 576.24 yuan，indicating that the canagliflozin + metformin regimen was more cost-effective. The cost of diabetes without complications treatment in the semaglutide + metformin group had the greatest influence on INMB，but changes in parameters within the selected range did not drive decision reversal. With the increasing of WTP threshold，the economic acceptability of semaglutide + metformin regimen increased. Under the current WTP threshold，the annual cost of semaglutide should be reduced by 42.95% to make the semaglutide + metformin regimen more cost- effective. CONCLUSIONS From the perspective of China’s health system， canagliflozin + metformin is more cost-effective than semaglutide + metformin for T2DM patients yueru. with poor glycemic control with metformin alone.

Objective:To examine the effect of antidepressant treatment on the longitudinal depressive burden in patients with bipolar depression.Methods:Subjects were recruited from a national multicenter, naturalistic observational project: Comprehensive Assessment and Follow-up Descriptive Study on Bipolar Disorder study (CAFE-BD). A total of 110 patients with bipolar depression (51 males, 59 females; aged 18-64 years, mean age 34.4±11.1 years) were consecutively enrolled between January 2012 and December 2013 from outpatients and inpatients of nine medical institutions, including six psychiatric hospitals and three general hospitals. Based on the use of antidepressants as defined in this study, patients were classified into a medicated group (Ads, n=74) and a non-medicated group (nAds, n=36). Diagnosis of bipolar depression was confirmed using the MINI (Chinese version), and baseline and follow-up assessments were conducted using the Assessment of Mood Disorders Evaluation (ADE) and the Clinical Monitoring Form (CMF). Depression burden indicators, including aggregate depression scores (SUM-D), number of depressive symptoms (NUM-D), and total depression burden, were compared between the Ads group and nAds group at mid-term (the 6 th month) and endpoint (the 12 nd month). Longitudinal changes in these indicators were also analyzed. Results:The proportion of bipolar depressive patients on antidepressants was 67% (74/110). Among them, 85% (63/74) were taking antidepressants at baseline; this dropped to 76% (56/74) at mid-term, and 64% (47/74) at the endpoint. SUM-D were higher in the Ads group than in the nAds group at baseline (9 (6.5, 11) vs 7.38 (5.5, 9.0); W=1 712.00, P=0.015), and there was no statistically significant difference in NUM-D and total depressive burden between two groups at any time points ( P>0.05). Compared to baseline, the Ads group had significantly lower SUM-D (0.5 (0, 1), 1.33 (0.5, 2.5) vs. 9 (6.5, 11); W=2 770.00, 2 743.00), NUM-D (0 (0, 0), 0 (0, 1) vs. 7 (5, 8); W=2 621.00, 2 601.50) and total depressive burden (c 2=64.36, 59.00) at both mid-term and endpoint (all P<0.001); While SUM-D (0.59 (0.4, 0.7), 1 (0.8, 2.5) vs. 7.38 (5.5, 9.0); W=664.50, W=666.00), NUM-D (0 (0, 0), 0 (0, 1) vs. 6 (4, 7); W=527.00, 528.00) and total depression burden ( χ 2=31.00, 31.00) in the nAds group were also significantly decreased at both mid-term and endpoint (all P<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in the changes in depression burden indicators between the two groups from baseline to mid-follow-up or endpoint, nor from mid-follow-up to endpoint ( P>0.05). Conclusion:In a 12-month real-world naturalistic follow-up study, both medicated and non-medicated bipolar depression groups experienced significant and similar reductions in depression burden.