Objective To study the effect of hyperbaric oxygen ( HBO) on the atherosclerosis ( AS) and the possible mechanism in apolipoprotein E ( apoE )-knockout mice by observing the variation of atherosclerotic plaque pathological morphology , blood lipid and related inflammatory cytokines .Methods Twenty-eight 8-week old apoE-knockout male mice were fed with western-diet for 8 weeks.Four mice were randomly sacrificed to collect aortas for Hematoxylin and Eosin ( HE ) staining , and the AS model was ascertained under microscopy .Then, the remaining 24 mice were randomly assigned into the ( HBO) group (n=12) and the normal control group (n=12).The animals in the HBO group were treated with HBO once a day for 30 days and the animals in the control group were left there without HBO treatment .The body mass of the mice were weighed both before and after termination of HBO treatment .The day after termination of HBO treatment, the mice were sacrificed for the detection of blood lipids and serum C-reactive protein (CRP). Histopathological features of aorta were defined by Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining.Subsequently, the area ratio of plaque and lumen and the ratio of intimal and media areas were analyzed by the image processing software.Results Following HBO treatment, there were no significant differences in blood lipid levels , when comparisons were made between the HBO group and the control group (P>0.05), however, the level of serum CRP in the HBO group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).The HE staining indicated that large quantities of atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta of the control group and intima were thickened , and the area ratio of plaque and lumen and the ratio of intimal area and media area was obviously larger than those of the animals in the HBO group ( P <0.05).Conclusions HBO could inhibit the development of atherosclerosis , which was not related to the modulation of blood lipid .The effect of HBO on anti-inflammation might be related to further progress of atherosclerosis .

Objective To study the effect of hyperbaric oxygen ( HBO) on the atherosclerosis ( AS) and the possible mechanism in apolipoprotein E ( apoE )-knockout mice by observing the variation of atherosclerotic plaque pathological morphology , blood lipid and related inflammatory cytokines .Methods Twenty-eight 8-week old apoE-knockout male mice were fed with western-diet for 8 weeks.Four mice were randomly sacrificed to collect aortas for Hematoxylin and Eosin ( HE ) staining , and the AS model was ascertained under microscopy .Then, the remaining 24 mice were randomly assigned into the ( HBO) group (n=12) and the normal control group (n=12).The animals in the HBO group were treated with HBO once a day for 30 days and the animals in the control group were left there without HBO treatment .The body mass of the mice were weighed both before and after termination of HBO treatment .The day after termination of HBO treatment, the mice were sacrificed for the detection of blood lipids and serum C-reactive protein (CRP). Histopathological features of aorta were defined by Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining.Subsequently, the area ratio of plaque and lumen and the ratio of intimal and media areas were analyzed by the image processing software.Results Following HBO treatment, there were no significant differences in blood lipid levels , when comparisons were made between the HBO group and the control group (P>0.05), however, the level of serum CRP in the HBO group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).The HE staining indicated that large quantities of atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta of the control group and intima were thickened , and the area ratio of plaque and lumen and the ratio of intimal area and media area was obviously larger than those of the animals in the HBO group ( P <0.05).Conclusions HBO could inhibit the development of atherosclerosis , which was not related to the modulation of blood lipid .The effect of HBO on anti-inflammation might be related to further progress of atherosclerosis .

Objective: To explore influence of exercise on cardiac autonomic nerve function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and its clinical significance. Methods: A total of 53 patients with coronary heart disease undergoing CABG were randomly divided into routine treatment group (n=25) and rehabilitation group (n=28, received exercise training based on routine treatment). Changes of autonomic nerve function before, second and eighth week after CABG were analyzed in two groups using time domain indexes of heart rate variability (HRV) by ambulatory electrocardiography, including standard deviation of normal to normal RR intervals calculated over the 24 h period (SDNN), standard deviation of normal to normal RR intervals in all 5 min segments of the entire recording (SDANN), root-mean square of differences between successive normal to normal intervals (rMSSD) and adjacent normal RR interval difference > 50ms stroke accounted for a percentage of 24h total RR interval (PNN50). Results: Compared with before CABG, there were significant decrease in SDNN, SDANN, RMSSD and PNN50 in both groups two weeks after CABG (P<0.05~0.01); eight weeks after CABG, above indexes recovered to levels before CABG in routine treatment group[SDNN （113.6±29.4）vs.（116.7±24.7）, SDANN（112.2±32.1）vs.（113.6±28.6）, rMSSD（21.9±8.2） vs.（23.2±7.1）, and PNN50 （7.5±4.2）vs.（8.2±3.7）] , P>0.05 all; Compared with before CABG, there were significant improvements in SDNN [(114.7±25.2) ms vs. (132.6±30.6) ms], SDANN [(111.6±23.5) ms vs. (129.2±30.8) ms], rMSSD [(24.2±8.7) ms vs. (29.9±7.5) ms] and PNN50 [(7.8±2.2) ms vs. (9.5±2.3) ms], and there were significant improvement than those of routine treatment group [SDNN （132.6±30.6）vs.（113.6±29.4）, SDANN（129.2±30.8）vs.（112.2±32.1）, rMSSD（29.9±7.5）vs.（21.9±8.2）and PNN50 （9.5±2.3）vs.（7.5±4.2）] eight weeks after CABG in rehabilitation group, P<0.05 all. Conclusion: All HRV indexes significantly decrease on two weeks after CABG in both groups, suggesting that CABG can damage cardiac autonomic nerve system. These indexes of rehabilitation group were more improvement than those of routine treatment group, suggesting exercise training can more significantly improve cardiac autonomic nerve function after CABG.