Endometriosis （EMT） is a common disease with frequent occurrence and difficult to be cured in modern clinical practice of obstetrics and gynaecology. It is characterized by progressively worsening dysmenorrhoea， pelvic mass， and infertility. The incidence of EMT is growing and increasingly younger patients are diagnosed with this disease， which poses a serious threat to the reproductive and psychological health of women of childbearing age and adolescent females. However， the pathogenesis of EMT is still not completely clear， and the disease has a long course. Therefore， developing new therapies is an urgent clinical problem to be solved. Great progress has been achieved in the treatment of EMT with traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， while the underlying mechanism remains in exploration. Programmed cell death （PCD） is a cell death mode mediated by a variety of bio-molecules with specific signaling cascades. The known PCD processes include apoptosis， pyroptosis， autophagy， ferroptosis， and cuproptosis， which all play a pivotal role in the development of EMT. Researchers have made achievements in the treatment of EMT with TCM， which regulates PCD via multiple pathways， routes， targets， and mechanisms. However， the progress in the regulation of PCD in the treatment of EMT with TCM remains to be reviewed. This paper reviews the research progress in the treatment of EMT with TCM from five PCD processes （apoptosis， pyroptosis， autophagy， ferroptosis， and cuproptosis）， with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of EMT.

Elderly end-of-life patients often experience distress due to being caught in dilemmas of contemplation and decision-making. Narrative wills， grounded in life values and premised on respecting individual wishes and needs， present an individual’s unique life story through narrative forms， conveying their overall experience， interpretation of meaning， and understanding of life. They are preserved and passed on in a way that meets individual expectations， thereby promoting human exploration， reflection， and growth regarding the meaning of life through interpersonal interactions that transcend space and time. This paper explored the concept of narrative wills among elderly end-of-life patients， the ethical value and ethical principles of narrative wills， and the moral and ethical risks. It also provided specific ethical interpretations， assisting in the application and development of narrative wills in elderly end-of-life patients.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a serious threat to human health. Exercise plays an important role in both the prevention and treatment of CVD and is one of the key non-pharmacological interventions. Exercise can regulate the level of exerkine secreted by different tissue cells, directly affect the cardiovascular system or play a role in cardiovascular protection by improving cardiovascular risk factors. Exerkine such as meteorin-like protein (Metrnl), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and exosomal microRNA (miRNA) play an important role in regulating vascular and cardiac diseases such as atherosclerosis, heart failure, cardiac ischemia-reperfusion and myocardial infarction, as well as their risk factors. Exploring the signaling pathways and mechanisms by which Metrnl, BDNF, FGF21, and exosomal miRNAs exert cardiovascular protective effects can provide novel insights into exercise-based strategies for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
Humans ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control* ; Exercise/physiology* ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/physiology* ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/physiology* ; Cardiovascular System/physiopathology* ; Exosomes/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction

Schizophrenia (SZ) stands as a severe psychiatric disorder. This study applied diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data in conjunction with graph neural networks to distinguish SZ patients from normal controls (NCs) and showcases the superior performance of a graph neural network integrating combined fractional anisotropy and fiber number brain network features, achieving an accuracy of 73.79% in distinguishing SZ patients from NCs. Beyond mere discrimination, our study delved deeper into the advantages of utilizing white matter brain network features for identifying SZ patients through interpretable model analysis and gene expression analysis. These analyses uncovered intricate interrelationships between brain imaging markers and genetic biomarkers, providing novel insights into the neuropathological basis of SZ. In summary, our findings underscore the potential of graph neural networks applied to multimodal DTI data for enhancing SZ detection through an integrated analysis of neuroimaging and genetic features.
Humans ; Schizophrenia/pathology* ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging/methods* ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Brain/metabolism* ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; White Matter/pathology* ; Gene Expression ; Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging* ; Graph Neural Networks

Eight new diterpenoids, Isodons A-H (1-8), comprising seco-abietane and abietane-type structures, together with 13 known analogues (9-21), were isolated from Isodon lophanthoides (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Hara. The compounds (+)-3/(-)-3, (+)-4/(-)-4, and (+)-5/(-)-5 were identified as three enantiomeric pairs. The planar structures and absolute configurations of 1-8 were determined through high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), 1D & 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and X-ray diffraction crystallography. A cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) luciferase reporter assay revealed significant anti-cholestatic activities for compounds 1, (+)-4, 6, 7, 12-14, and 16. Additionally, compound 6 demonstrated anti-cholestatic effects through the farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-associated signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest potential applications for I. Lophanthoides in pharmaceutical development.
Abietanes/pharmacology* ; Molecular Structure ; Animals ; Isodon/chemistry* ; Humans ; Diterpenes/pharmacology* ; Plant Extracts/chemistry*

Protein phosphatase 2A(PP2A)is one of the major serine-threonine protein phosphatases in mammalian cells which plays an important role in regulating biological activities such as cellular mitosis and protein dephosphorylation.PP2A acts as a tumor suppressor and has been demonstrated to be genetically altered or functionally inactivated in a variety of solid cancers and leukemias,and its activity is inhibited,leading to subsequent proliferation of tumor cells.Clinical studies have shown that endogenous inhibitors such as SET,cancerous inhibitor of PP2A(CIP2A)and protein phosphatase methylesterase-1(PME-1)may reduce PP2A activity,which could be important indicators of tumor progression or recurrence.On the other hand,PP2A-activating drugs(e.g.FTY720)can restore the tumor-suppressing activity of PP2A by altering the structure of the inhibitor SET,thus effectively inhibiting tumor development.Therefore,PP2A and its inhibitors may serve as potential therapeutic targets in clinic.This article provides a comprehensive review on the mechanism of action of PP2A and its inhibitors in the pathogenesis of malignant tumor as well as their applications in oncotherapy,aiming to provide new directions for the treatment of malignant tumors.

Protein phosphatase 1(PP1)is a widely expressed and highly conserved serine/threonine phosphatase in organisms.It regulates cellular signaling pathways by catalyzing the dephosphorylation of various proteins,thereby influencing biological processes such as cell proliferation,apoptosis,migration,and transcription.In vivo,PP1 does not exist as a free catalytic subunit but instead forms distinct PP1 holoenzymes by binding with at least one PP1-interacting protein(PIP).The interaction between PP1's catalytic subunit and its specific regulatory proteins is central to PP1's function.Under normal conditions,PP1 stably performs its dephosphorylation role in vivo;however,in tumors,PP1 function is aberrantly regulated,leading to either increased or decreased PP1 activity.PP1 exerts a dual influence on tumorigenesis and progression,acting as a suppressor in some cancers while promoting oncogenesis in others.Based on domestic and international research findings on PP1,this review summarizes the structure and biological functions of PP1,as well as the impact of its various subunits on the development and progression of different cancers,including breast cancer,lung cancer,ovarian cancer,pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PAAD),liver cancer,endometrial cancer,esophageal cancer(EC),colorectal cancer,and glioblastoma(GBM).This review aims to provide the insights for developing highly efficient and environmentally friendly anticancer drugs and therapeutic approaches targeting PP1 holoenzymes.

Objective To develop the Children's Screen Interaction Quality Questionnaire(CSIQ)suit-able for measuring Chinese children aged 0 to 4 years,and to test its reliability and validity.Methods The purposive sampling method was used,and the guardians of 30 normal children aged 0 to 4 years undergoing physical examinations in the Department of Child Health Care of Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from February to April 2023 were selected as the interview objects.25 initial items were constructed through literature review,semi-structured interviews,and the Delphi expert consultation method.With the convenience sampling method,2 242 guardians of children aged 0 to 4 years old in the small and middle classes of 9 kindergartens in Guiyang City,Zunyi City,and Renhuai City were surveyed for item analysis,exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis,and reliability and validity analysis.Results Exploratory factor a-nalysis extracted three factors,namely screen content interaction,reality interaction,and media interaction,with a total of 12 items.The cumulative variance explained rate of the 3-factor model was 69.829％.Confirma-tory factor analysis supported the three-factor model of CSIQ:x2/df=4.424,root mean square error of ap-proximation(RMSEA)=0.066,normed fit index(NFI)=0.955,comparative fit index(CFI)=0.965,incre-mental fit index(IFI)=0.965,Tucker-Lewis index(TLI)=0.955,goodness-of-fit index(GFI)=0.955,and the CSIQ had good convergent validity and discriminant validity.Conclusion The CSIQ has good reliability and validity.

Background and aims:Liver fibrosis is a prevalent pathological stage of various chronic liver diseases and has the potential to progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.However,experimental models for in vivo research are limited.Unexpectedly,increased liver inflammation and fibrosis were previously observed in mice treated with aluminum adjuvant(commercial Imject Alum,a mixture of Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2).Our study aimed to reveal the pathogenesis and pathological features of Imject Alum-induced liver injury and evaluate its potential as an experimental model of fibrotic liver disease.Methods and materials:C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the following four groups:(ⅰ)control group,which received phosphate-buffered saline injections on days 1,12,26,40,and 54;(ⅱ)Imject Alum(Al(OH)3 160 mg/kg)D26 group,which was administered with Imject Alum(Al(OH)3 160 mg/kg)on days 1,12,and 26;(ⅲ)Imject Alum(Al(OH)3 80 mg/kg)D54;and(ⅳ)Imject Alum(Al(OH)3 160 mg/kg)D54 groups,which were treated with 80 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg of Imject Alum(Al(OH)3),respectively,on days 1,12,26,40,and 54.All reagents were delivered by intraperitoneal injection.Serum biochemical pa-rameters,liver pathology,and expression of genes related to inflammation and fibrogenesis were eval-uated.Transcriptome sequencing was performed.The genetic characteristics of the Imject Alum-induced liver lesions in the existing fibrosis model and patients with cirrhosis were determined.Results:Administration of Imject Alum(Al(OH)3 160 mg/kg)at certain points for 54 days led to extensive hepatic inflammation and fibrosis,accompanied by disturbed bile acid metabolism in mice.Moreover,Imject Alum aggravated liver inflammation and injury by activating the pyroptosis-related inflamma-some pathway.Transcriptome analysis revealed that Imject Alum-induced liver lesions had differentially expressed genes that were significantly enriched in pathways related to inflammation,fibrogenesis,and multiple metabolic processes.Moreover,Imject Alum-induced liver lesions exhibited gene signatures similar to those of existing fibrosis models and patients with cirrhosis.Conclusions:Aluminum adjuvant(Imject Alum;Al(OH)3 160 mg/kg)administration at certain points for 54 days resulted in notable liver injury,inflammation,and fibrosis.This model had similar gene expression characteristics with existing fibrosis models and liver samples from patients with cirrhosis.Overall,aluminum adjuvant(Imject Alum)-induced mouse model may be a novel approach for estab-lishing a liver fibrosis animal model.

Public health laboratory testing involves a wide range of sample types,complex matrices,diverse target analytes with varying concentrations,and multiple application contexts with different analytical requirements.As a critical step in public health laboratory analysis and testing,sample pretreatment plays a decisive role in ensuring the reproducibility and efficiency of the analytical methods.It directly affects the accuracy,sensitivity,and reliability of testing results,as well as the feasibility of downstream analyses.Traditional sample pretreatment techniques face persistent challenges,including low efficiency,limited throughput,restricted universal applicability,high organic solvent consumption,and poor compatibility with downstream analytical procedures.These limitations constrain their capacity to meet the evolving demands of research and practice in public health and preventive medicine.In recent years,technological advances have focused on improving efficiency and automation,enhancing selectivity and sensitivity,facilitating online testing capabilities,and promoting environmental sustainability.Sample pretreatment techniques in public health laboratory testing have been undergoing progressive upgrades,and numerous novel technologies have emerged.The paper provides a comprehensive review of new technologies and applications in the field.We focused on the development of new materials,the application of artificial intelligence,connections for online processing,and the approaches tailored to the demands of specific testing settings.We also discussed sample processing for omics analyses and mass spectrometry imaging methods relevant to public health laboratory testing.These advances are expected to support the development of greener and higher-throughput sample pretreatment and foster innovation in the public health laboratory testing system.