Abstract Obesity in children and adolescents is closely associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Body mass index (BMI) is currently a widely used indicator for assessing obesity. However, it has limitations, such as reduced validity during growth and development and the inability to distinguish between fat and muscle mass. In recent years, the tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) has gained attention because of its relative stability during adolescence and its ability to more specifically reflect body fat levels. The review systematically summarizes recent research progress on the use of TMI in predicting body fat levels and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents, indicating that TMI performs well in assessing body fat during adolescence and is superior or non-inferior to BMI in predicting cardiometabolic risk. However, the predictive ability of TMI is influenced by age, sex, and population differences, and unified diagnostic cutoffs have not yet been established. Future prospective cohort studies are needed to further validate the predictive value of TMI and establish population specific reference cutoffs.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between the temperature and time in moxa cone moxibustion with different purities of moxa.

METHODSAccording to the purities, the moxa were divided into a 10 : 1 group, a 20 : 1 group, a 30 : 1 group and a 40 : 1 group, 30 moxa cones in each group. With the VICTOR DM6902 electronic thermometer, the temperature of the undersurface center at different time points during the moxa cone moxibustion with different purities of moxa was measured. Once the moxa cone was ignited, the results were recorded at the end of each second. Also the temperature peak of the undersurface center and the time when the peak occurred were recorded.

RESULTThe undersurface temperature was increased in all the groups; the time of moxa cone reaching the lowest peak temperature was significantly different in all the groups (all P<0. 05), which was the 10 : 1 group, 20 : 1 group, 30 : 1 group and 40 : 1 group from slow to fast. 50 s, 60 s, 70 s, 80 s and 90 s after moxa cone was ignited, the temperature of moxa cone at the same time point was significantly different in all the groups (all P<0. 05), which was the 10 : 1 group, 20 : 1 group, 30 : 1 group and 40 : 1 group from slow to fast. Conclusion Among the moxa with purity of 10 : 1, 20 : 1, 30 : 1, and 40 : 1, the temperature change rate of the low-purity moxa cone is smaller than that of higher purity, and the stimulating duration of the former is longer than the latter. It is believed that the moxa with purity of 40 : 1 is suitable for scarring moxibustion; the moxa with purity of 30 : 1 and 20 : 1 is suitable for the non-scarring moxibustion; the moxa with purity of 10 : 1 is suitable for gentle moxibustion therapy. The high-purity moxa can also be applied to the field of the low-purity moxa.

Acupuncture Points ; Artemisia ; chemistry ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; instrumentation ; methods ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Temperature ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and compliance of specific immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis. METHOD: Two hundred and eighty cases with allergic rhinitis were undertaken immunotherapy, and then were observed its symptoms, signs and treatment by graded score. RESULT: Total effective rate was 86.8%, 70.4%, 62.5% at 16 week, 6 months and 1 year after treatment. Of 280 patients treated, 74 patients stopped treatment after one year, compliance rate was 73.6%. CONCLUSION Specific immunotherapy is a safe and effective treatment methods for allergic rhinitis and worthy of attention and promotion, while strengthening the health education is needed to improve treatment compliance of patients.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Compliance ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; therapy ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult