ObjectiveTo develop a reliable and valid health self-management competence assessment questionnaire for primary and secondary school students in Shanghai, so as to provide an effective tool to evaluate and improve their health management competencies. MethodsBased on the theory and process of scale development, an initial item pool was formed. After two rounds of Delphi consultation with 22 experts in related fields, assessment indicators suitable for evaluating the health self-management ability of Shanghai primary and secondary school students were determined. A total of 666 students were selected using stratified cluster sampling method to carry out the survey. The questionnaire content was refined and items were screened for reliability and validity analyses. ResultsAfter the two rounds of Delphi expert consultation, the original three-dimensional structure (individual management behaviors, personal health cognition and self-management environment) was revised into four dimensions: self-health cognition, self-health skills, self-will quality and self-action level. The initial 50 items were reduced, merged, or newly created, yielding a final 30-item questionnaire. Expert response rates for the two rounds of Delphi consultation were 86.36% and 90.91%, respectively, with an expert authority coefficient of 0.91. The KMO value was 0.936 and Bartlett’s sphericity test yielded a P value of <0.001, indicating that the questionnaire demonstrated good construct validity. The results of internal consistency testing showed that the overall Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.932, and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.920. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of each dimension ranged from 0.716 to 0.884, and the split-half reliability coefficient ranged from 0.733 to 0.900. Finally, an evaluation scale with 30 items across 4 dimensions was constructed. ConclusionThe health self-management competence evaluation scale for primary and secondary school students in Shanghai demonstrates good homogeneity and high reliability. It can be used as a tool for evaluating the health self-management competency of primary and secondary school students in Shanghai and provide theoretical support for targeted health interventions.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of moxibustion at "Shenque" (CV8) on urodynamics and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and immediate early gene (c-fos) in pontine micturition center (PMC), periaqueductal gray (PAG), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of neurogenic bladder (NB) rats after spinal cord injury. METHODS: Twenty-four SPF female SD rats were randomly divided into a sham-operation group (6 rats) and a modeling group (18 rats). In the modeling group, T₉ complete spinal cord transection method was used to establish a neurogenic detrusor overactivity model, and the 12 rats with successful modeling were randomized into a model group and a moxibustion group, with 6 rats in each group. The rats in the moxibustion group were treated with ginger/salt-insulated moxibustion at "Shenque" (CV8), and 4 consecutive moxa cones were delivered in one intervention. Moxibustion was operated once daily and for 14 days. After intervention completion, the urodynamic indexes of rats in each group were detected. Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of BDNF and c-fos in PMC, PAG and mPFC in rats. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of BDNF and c-fos in PMC, PAG and mPFC. RESULTS: The rats in the sham-operation group did not show phasic detrusor contraction during bladder filling. Compared with the model group, the frequency and amplitude of the phasic detrusor contraction were reduced 5 min before urine leakage in the rats of the moxibustion group (P<0.05), and the duration of the first phasic detrusor contraction during bladder filling was prolonged (P<0.05). Compared with the sham-operation group, the mRNA and protein expression of BDNF and c-fos in PMC, PAG and mPFC increased in the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the mRNA and protein expression of BDNF and c-fos in PMC, PAG and mPFC decreased in the moxibustion group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Moxibustion at "Shenque" (CV8) can improve the phasic contraction during bladder filling in NB rats after spinal cord injury, possibly by down-regulating the mRNA and protein expression of BDNF and c-fos in PMC, PAG, and mPFC.
Animals ; Moxibustion ; Female ; Rats ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Acupuncture Points ; Spinal Cord Injuries/metabolism* ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/etiology* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism* ; Humans ; Urinary Bladder/physiopathology* ; Brain/metabolism* ; Urination

After being treated with acupuncture, some patients with idiopathic tinnitus may experience a short-term aggravation of tinnitus symptoms on the original basis. These symptoms can be gradually relieved and the overall condition fluctuates towards recovery. This phenomenon has brought some difficulties to patients and clinicians. Based on the academic view of TCM, "destroying pathogens and re-building balance", and in association with the existing understanding of acupuncture in modern medicine for tinnitus, this paper briefly discusses the mechanism and influencing factors of symptom fluctuation in patients with idiopathic tinnitus after acupuncture treatment in terms of both TCM and modern medicine, and proposes the future direction in the research of symptom fluctuation, so as to promote the recognition of clinicians and patients on symptom fluctuation and make rational use of its positive effects. Besides, it is hoped that more researchers will pay attention to symptom fluctuation and advance the exploration of it in academic field.
Humans ; Tinnitus/physiopathology* ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Male ; Female

Objective To explore the barriers to postoperative self-management behaviors in patients with pituitary adenoma and provide a theoretical basis for developing nursing intervention strategies.Methods Using a purposive sampling method,16 postoperative pituitary adenoma patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Zhengzhou from July 2024 to January 2025 were selected for semi-structured interviews.The interview data were analyzed and refined through Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis method.Results A total of 4 themes and 12 subthemes were extracted,including postoperative physiological dysfunction(sensory dysfunction,difficulty in managing diabetes insipidus,fatigue syndrome),psychosocial adaptation barriers(self-image distress,fear of disease recurrence,restricted information delivery),challenges in maintaining health behaviors(environment-behavior conflicts,insufficient adherence to medication and activity guidelines,inadequate complication management),deficiencies in support systems(non-specific postoperative guidance,poor communication channels,insufficient coordination of medical resources).Conclusion Postoperative self-management behaviors in pituitary adenoma patients are influenced by multidimensional factors,necessitating comprehensive intervention strategies addressing physiological,psychological,behavioral,and systemic support levels.

Objective To explore the role of postdoctoral talent cultivation in high-quality development of public hospi-tals.Methods The data of 165 postdoctoral fellows were analyzed from Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center,Sun Yat-sen Univer-sity over the past decade.The analysis involved examining the entire management process from recruitment to completion,inclu-ding the improvement of relevant systems,evaluation standards,implementation of hierarchical management,mentor-student in-teractions,and academic exchanges,as well as studying the quality enhancement of the postdoctoral talent pool,research output,and employment analysis.Results The standardized management of whole postdoctoral cultivation process and the continuous improvement of systems significantly enhanced the achievements of postdoctoral fellows in research,publications,and commer-cialization of the scientific and research findings.For instance,from 2018 to 2022,the number of National Science Foundation-funded programs that the postdoctoral fellows obtained accounted for 26.7％of the total number,while the number of provincial and ministerial funded programs accounted for 73.3％.In 2020,the proportion of postdoctoral researchers who obtained the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China's Youth Program was 80％of the total.In 2021,the proportion of postdoctoral fellows who published papers with an impact factor of above 10 as the first author or co-first author was 45.83％.Conclusion The training of high-level medical postdoctoral talents is crucial for high-quality development of public hospitals,improving interdisci-plinary adaptability of postdoctoral fellows and collaborative mentorship awareness.

Objective To explore the role of postdoctoral talent cultivation in high-quality development of public hospi-tals.Methods The data of 165 postdoctoral fellows were analyzed from Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center,Sun Yat-sen Univer-sity over the past decade.The analysis involved examining the entire management process from recruitment to completion,inclu-ding the improvement of relevant systems,evaluation standards,implementation of hierarchical management,mentor-student in-teractions,and academic exchanges,as well as studying the quality enhancement of the postdoctoral talent pool,research output,and employment analysis.Results The standardized management of whole postdoctoral cultivation process and the continuous improvement of systems significantly enhanced the achievements of postdoctoral fellows in research,publications,and commer-cialization of the scientific and research findings.For instance,from 2018 to 2022,the number of National Science Foundation-funded programs that the postdoctoral fellows obtained accounted for 26.7％of the total number,while the number of provincial and ministerial funded programs accounted for 73.3％.In 2020,the proportion of postdoctoral researchers who obtained the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China's Youth Program was 80％of the total.In 2021,the proportion of postdoctoral fellows who published papers with an impact factor of above 10 as the first author or co-first author was 45.83％.Conclusion The training of high-level medical postdoctoral talents is crucial for high-quality development of public hospitals,improving interdisci-plinary adaptability of postdoctoral fellows and collaborative mentorship awareness.

Objective To explore the barriers to postoperative self-management behaviors in patients with pituitary adenoma and provide a theoretical basis for developing nursing intervention strategies.Methods Using a purposive sampling method,16 postoperative pituitary adenoma patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Zhengzhou from July 2024 to January 2025 were selected for semi-structured interviews.The interview data were analyzed and refined through Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis method.Results A total of 4 themes and 12 subthemes were extracted,including postoperative physiological dysfunction(sensory dysfunction,difficulty in managing diabetes insipidus,fatigue syndrome),psychosocial adaptation barriers(self-image distress,fear of disease recurrence,restricted information delivery),challenges in maintaining health behaviors(environment-behavior conflicts,insufficient adherence to medication and activity guidelines,inadequate complication management),deficiencies in support systems(non-specific postoperative guidance,poor communication channels,insufficient coordination of medical resources).Conclusion Postoperative self-management behaviors in pituitary adenoma patients are influenced by multidimensional factors,necessitating comprehensive intervention strategies addressing physiological,psychological,behavioral,and systemic support levels.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of water extract of Mori Folium （MLE） on oxidative stress in adipose tissue of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） mice and explore its mechanism. MethodTwenty-four male db/db mice were randomly divided into model group， metformin group， low-dose MLE （MLE-L） group， and high-dose MLE （MLE-H） group according to their body weight and blood glucose， with six mice in each group， and other six C57BLKS/JGpt wild littermate mice were selected as normal group. The mice in the metformin group were given 200 mg·kg^-1 metformin suspension， and the mice in the MLE-L and MLE-H groups were respectively given 2 g·kg^-1 and 4 g·kg^-1 MLE， while the mice in the normal group and model group were given the same dose of deionized water by daily gavage for eight weeks. Body weight， subcutaneous fat index， fasting blood glucose （FBG）， and oral glucose tolerance level （OGTT） of the mice were detected， and serum superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）， and malondialdehyde （MDA） were measured. The expression levels of silent information regulator 1 （SIRT1） and NADPH oxidase type 4 （NOX4） protein in subcutaneous adipose tissue of the mice were detected by Western blot. ResultThe FBG level， OGTT， and subcutaneous fat index of T2DM mice were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01） after administration of MLE compared with the blank group. The contents of serum SOD and GSH were significantly increased， while the level of oxidative stress damage marker MDA was significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expression of SIRT1 protein in adipose tissue was significantly increased， while the expression of NOX4 protein was significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionMLE can ameliorate T2DM by alleviating oxidative stress in adipose tissue of T2DM mice and reducing blood glucose.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effects of Mori Folium extract （MLE） on the kidney of db/db diabetic mice and its mechanism. MethodTwenty-four male C57BLKS/JGpt-Leprdb/Leprdb （db/db） mice were randomly divided into model group， metformin group， low-dose group of MLE （MLE-L）， and high-dose group of MLE （MLE-H） according to their fasting blood glucose （FBG）， with six mice in each group， and other six C57BLKS/JGpt wild littermate （m/m） mice were selected as normal group. The mice in the drug administration groups were given corresponding drugs by gavage， and the mice in the normal group and model group were given the same dose of deionized water by gavage once a day for continuous eight weeks. Body weight， bilateral kidney weight， and FBG were measured， and an oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） was performed. The pathological changes in the kidney tissue of mice were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and periodic acid-silver （PAS） staining， and serum creatinine （SCr） and blood urea nitrogen （BUN） levels were detected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in serum and urinary microalbumin （U-mAlb） of mice. The expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）， and nuclear factor-kappa B p65 （NF-κB p65） protein in kidney tissue of mice were tested by Western blot. ResultCompared with the normal group， the body weight， absolute renal weight， FBG， and the area under the curve （AUC） of OGTT of mice in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the levels of SCr， BUN， and U-mAlb， as well as TNF-α and IL-6 in serum were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The glomerular basement membrane in the kidney tissue of mice was thicker， with obvious inflammatory cell infiltration. The protein expression levels of TLR4， MyD88， and NF-κB p65 in the kidney tissue of mice were increased significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， there was no statistical difference in the body weight of mice in each drug administration group. The absolute renal weight of mice in the MLE-H and metformin groups was significantly reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The FBG levels of mice in the metformin， MLE-L， and MLE-H groups started to decrease after treatment for four to eight weeks （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The AUC of mice in the MLE-H and metformin groups was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The levels of SCr， BUN， and U-mAlb of mice in the MLE-H and metformin groups were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and those of SCr and U-mAlb of mice in the MLE-L group were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum of mice in the MLE-H and metformin groups were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The renal tissue pathology of mice in each drug administration group was improved to varying degrees， and the protein expression levels of TLR4， MyD88， and NF-κB p65 in the MLE-H group were decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionMLE can improve the renal structure and function of db/db diabetic mice， and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Mori Folium， the dried leaves of Morus alba， is widely used in clinical practice for dispersing wind and heat， clearing the lung and moistening dryness， soothing the liver and improving vision， and cooling blood and stopping bleeding. It has been used to regulate blood glucose since ancient times， and modern studies have shown that the active components of Mori Folium for lowering blood glucose mainly include flavonoids， alkaloids， polysaccharides， and phenols. These components are mainly extracted by solvents such as water and alcohols with the assistance of ultrasound and microwave. In addition， new extraction methods are emerging， such as CO₂ supercritical fluid extraction， enzymatic hydrolysis， and cloud point extraction. Mori Folium lowers blood glucose via multiple components， pathways， and targets. Specifically， it can improve glucose and lipid metabolism， protect pancreatic β cells， and alleviate insulin resistance to reduce the damage caused by hyperglycemia and restore normal physiological functions. Although a large number of studies have been carried out on diabetes， the causes and radical treatment methods remain to be explored， and diabetes is still a major disease that endangers human health and needs to be solved urgently. The articles about extraction process and mechanism of active components in Mori Folium for lowering blood glucose were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Web of Science， and PubMed. We analyzed the applicable extraction methods for the blood glucose-lowering components such as flavonoids， polysaccharides， and alkaloids in Mori Folium， and compared the conventional and emerging methods. Furthermore， we summarized our research achievements in the extraction of active components from Mori Folium and the blood glucose-lowering effect and mechanisms. This review aims to provide theoretical support for the optimization of the extraction process， the research on the blood glucose-lowering components and mechanism， and the development of new drugs and clinical application of Mori Folium.