This article adopts Professor CHEN Chaozu′s " sanjiao composed by membrane-striae" theory as its foundation to explore the relationship between irritable bowel syndrome and functional/structural abnormalities of the membrane-striae. Sanjiao encompasses both the tangible membrane and the intangible striae. These striae permeate the entire body，and their pathological changes comprehensively reflect qi，body fluids，and fasciae. Based on the physiological function of the membrane-striae in regulating qi and fluids，the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome is characterized by a disharmony of membrane-striae and an imbalance of the qi-fluid interactions. In the early stage，external pathogens，emotional factors，or dietary stimuli often cause membrane-striae constriction and disordered qi-fluid circulation. In the middle stage，stagnant fluids gradually transform into phlegm retention，leading to membrane-striae obstruction. In the late stage，deficiency of vital qi becomes predominant，manifesting as laxity of membrane-striae with impaired control or weakened conduction. The treatment of irritable bowel syndrome should adopt " unblocking" as the guiding principle. In the early stage，therapy should focus on eliminating pathogenic factors and soothing membrane-striae to promptly restore qi-fluid circulation，thereby attaining unblocking through spasm relief. In the middle stage，treatment should focus on resolving tangible obstructions in membrane-striae，achieving unblocking via dredging. In the late stage，the emphasis should shift to reinforcing healthy qi，particularly by strengthening spleen-kidney yang qi，and achieving unblocking through supplementation. Concurrently，throughout the entire treatment process，the regulation of mental state and easing of emotional tension should be integrated to alleviate patient′s anxiety，achieving the goal of holistic treatment of both body and mind.

This paper explores the immune-inflammatory regulatory mechanism of colorectal cancer cachexia and corresponding traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） intervention strategies based on the TCM theory of reinforcing healthy qi and dispelling pathogenen. It is proposed that depletion of healthy qi is the root cause of colorectal cancer cachexia， while cancer toxins exuberance is the symptomatic manifestation of the disease， and failure of the spleen and stomach is the core pathogenesis. In terms of treatment， a TCM treatment system is constructed based on the principles of reinforcing healthy qi to consolidate the foundation and regulate immunity， and dispelling pathogen to remove toxins and alleviate inflammation. The system clarifies the healty qi-reinforcing method as fortifying spleen and boosting qi to enhance immune function， and nourishing blood and enriching yin to consolidate yin essence and healthy qi. It also emphasizes the pathogen-dispelling method as clearing heat and removing toxins to regulate the secretion of inflammatory cytokines， and promoting blood circulation and resolving stasis to improve the immune microenvironment and microcirculation. This therapeutic approach may provide valuable insights for TCM interventions in colo-rectal cancer cachexia.

Heart failure （HF） is the end-stage of various cardiovascular diseases， with high morbidity and mortality. The existing “new quadruple” standard treatment can hardly reverse the core pathological process of myocardial remodeling， and long-term medication may pose risks of drug resistance and adverse reactions. Therefore， new therapeutic targets and strategies are urgently needed. Metabolic reprogramming is the upstream core mechanism regulating phenotypic polarization and functional activation of macrophages， which drives the occurrence and development of HF through the core axis of metabolic reprogramming-immune imbalance-ventricular remodeling and has become a cutting-edge potential target for the prevention and treatment of HF. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a long history in the prevention and treatment of HF. A large number of studies in recent years have confirmed that different therapeutic methods of TCM can correct the polarization imbalance， restore the homeostasis of myocardial immune microenvironment， inhibit myocardial injury， and delay the pathological process of HF by targeting and regulating the metabolic reprogramming of glucose， lipids， mitochondria， and amino acids in macrophages. This paper systematically expounds the core pathological mechanism of metabolic reprogramming of macrophages in HF， sorts out the research progress of TCM in preventing and treating HF by intervening this target， analyzes the regulatory rules， summarizes the limitations of existing research， and puts forward future directions. This review aims to provide a systematic theoretical reference and new research ideas for TCM clinical diagnosis and treatment and new drug development of HF.

This report summarized and analyzed the clinical data of 3 patients with food-borne botulism admitted to our department. One case was sporadic, while the other two involved family members living together. All patients initially presented with blurred vision, ptosis, and dysphagia, and the disease progressed rapidly. During the course of the disease, all three cases developed respiratory failure; one patient received non-invasive ventilatory support, whereas the other two required invasive ventilator assisted ventilation. The serum toxin tests of the 3 patients were all positive for botulinum toxin type A. Sporadic food-borne botulism shares similar early symptoms and signs to myasthenia gravis and Guillain-Barre syndrome, and requires careful differential diagnosis. Botulinum antitoxin serum is the only effective treatment, and empirical antitoxin administration can be initiated immediately upon suspicion of botulism. Early detection and timely specific treatment are critical for improving patient outcomes.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between CXCL6 expression and prostate cancer,as well as its effects on the malignant progression of PC-3 cells and the underlying mechanisms.Methods:Multiple databases were used to analyze CXCL6 expression in prostate cancer.And survival analysis,GO,and KEGG enrichment analysis were conducted.According to the concentration of CXCL6,PC-3 cells were divided into 0,100 and 200 ng/ml CXCL6 groups.The effects of up-regulated CXCL6 expression on PC-3 cell proliferation,migration,apoptosis,cycle,and related genes were investigated using CCK-8,EdU assay,scratch test,flow cytometry,and prostate cancer-targeted PCR array.Results:Database analysis revealed that CXCL6 was significantly down-regulated in prostate cancer(P＜0.05),and patients with low CXCL6 expression had a worse prognosis(P＜0.05).In prostate cancer,proteins associated with CXCL6 expression included CXCL1 and CXCL2,and related genes included MIR325 and RASSF6.GO analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of CXCL6 were primarily enriched in processes such as response to chemokines and the tubular endoplasmic reticulum network(P＜0.05).KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in signaling pathways such as the Hippo signaling pathway(P＜0.05).CCK-8,EdU assay,scratch test,and flow cytometry results demonstrated that compared with the 0 ng/ml CXCL6 group,the 100 and 200 ng/ml CXCL6 groups exhibited significantly reduced proliferation and migration rates(P＜0.05),significantly increased apoptosis rate(P＜0.05).And the proportion of S-phase cells in the 200 ng/ml CXCL6 group was lower compared to the 0 ng/ml CXCL6 group(P＜0.05).PCR array results showed that compared with the 0 ng/ml CXCL6 group,the expression of genes such as CDH1 and HAL was increased in the 200 ng/ml CXCL6 group,while the expression of genes such as CD5L and EDNRB was decreased.Conclusion:CXCL6 plays a significant role in the malignant progression of PC-3 cells,and its mechanism may be associated with the methylation of promoters of genes such as RASSF1,RARB,and CDH1.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between CXCL6 expression and prostate cancer,as well as its effects on the malignant progression of PC-3 cells and the underlying mechanisms.Methods:Multiple databases were used to analyze CXCL6 expression in prostate cancer.And survival analysis,GO,and KEGG enrichment analysis were conducted.According to the concentration of CXCL6,PC-3 cells were divided into 0,100 and 200 ng/ml CXCL6 groups.The effects of up-regulated CXCL6 expression on PC-3 cell proliferation,migration,apoptosis,cycle,and related genes were investigated using CCK-8,EdU assay,scratch test,flow cytometry,and prostate cancer-targeted PCR array.Results:Database analysis revealed that CXCL6 was significantly down-regulated in prostate cancer(P＜0.05),and patients with low CXCL6 expression had a worse prognosis(P＜0.05).In prostate cancer,proteins associated with CXCL6 expression included CXCL1 and CXCL2,and related genes included MIR325 and RASSF6.GO analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of CXCL6 were primarily enriched in processes such as response to chemokines and the tubular endoplasmic reticulum network(P＜0.05).KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in signaling pathways such as the Hippo signaling pathway(P＜0.05).CCK-8,EdU assay,scratch test,and flow cytometry results demonstrated that compared with the 0 ng/ml CXCL6 group,the 100 and 200 ng/ml CXCL6 groups exhibited significantly reduced proliferation and migration rates(P＜0.05),significantly increased apoptosis rate(P＜0.05).And the proportion of S-phase cells in the 200 ng/ml CXCL6 group was lower compared to the 0 ng/ml CXCL6 group(P＜0.05).PCR array results showed that compared with the 0 ng/ml CXCL6 group,the expression of genes such as CDH1 and HAL was increased in the 200 ng/ml CXCL6 group,while the expression of genes such as CD5L and EDNRB was decreased.Conclusion:CXCL6 plays a significant role in the malignant progression of PC-3 cells,and its mechanism may be associated with the methylation of promoters of genes such as RASSF1,RARB,and CDH1.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between different states of cardiac function and their changes during the course of diabetic foot ulcers(DFU), and to evaluate their impact on patient prognosis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 194 DFU patients who were rehospitalized at approximately 3-month intervals. Basic clinical data and cardiac function-related indicators were collected at baseline and follow-up. Patients were followed until death or until November 10, 2024. Outcomes including ulcer healing, recurrence, minor amputation, and death were recorded. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the effects of cardiac function status and its changes on these four outcomes. Results:After treatment, the proportion of patients with NYHA class Ⅱ-Ⅲ decreased significantly from 33.5% at baseline to 21.6%( P=0.009). Serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP) level also decreased after treatment compared with baseline [635.85(59.83, 453.28) pg/mL vs 728.67(81.48, 696.15) pg/mL, P=0.055]. Serum NT-proBNP level was significantly higher in the death group compared to the survival group( P=0.002). The proportion of DFU patients with baseline NYHA class Ⅱ-Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in those with class Ⅰ( P=0.012). Regression analysis showed that an improvement in NT-proBNP levels was associated with a lower risk of DFU recurrence( OR=0.378, 95% CI 0.183-0.779, P=0.008), and improvement in NYHA class was associated with a lower mortality risk( OR=0.074, 95% CI 0.020-0.275, P<0.001). Conclusion:Cardiac function status and its changes during the treatment of DFU patients have strong prognostic implications, particularly in predicting the risk of recurrence and death outcomes.

This report summarized and analyzed the clinical data of 3 patients with food-borne botulism admitted to our department. One case was sporadic, while the other two involved family members living together. All patients initially presented with blurred vision, ptosis, and dysphagia, and the disease progressed rapidly. During the course of the disease, all three cases developed respiratory failure; one patient received non-invasive ventilatory support, whereas the other two required invasive ventilator assisted ventilation. The serum toxin tests of the 3 patients were all positive for botulinum toxin type A. Sporadic food-borne botulism shares similar early symptoms and signs to myasthenia gravis and Guillain-Barre syndrome, and requires careful differential diagnosis. Botulinum antitoxin serum is the only effective treatment, and empirical antitoxin administration can be initiated immediately upon suspicion of botulism. Early detection and timely specific treatment are critical for improving patient outcomes.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between different states of cardiac function and their changes during the course of diabetic foot ulcers(DFU), and to evaluate their impact on patient prognosis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 194 DFU patients who were rehospitalized at approximately 3-month intervals. Basic clinical data and cardiac function-related indicators were collected at baseline and follow-up. Patients were followed until death or until November 10, 2024. Outcomes including ulcer healing, recurrence, minor amputation, and death were recorded. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the effects of cardiac function status and its changes on these four outcomes. Results:After treatment, the proportion of patients with NYHA class Ⅱ-Ⅲ decreased significantly from 33.5% at baseline to 21.6%( P=0.009). Serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP) level also decreased after treatment compared with baseline [635.85(59.83, 453.28) pg/mL vs 728.67(81.48, 696.15) pg/mL, P=0.055]. Serum NT-proBNP level was significantly higher in the death group compared to the survival group( P=0.002). The proportion of DFU patients with baseline NYHA class Ⅱ-Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in those with class Ⅰ( P=0.012). Regression analysis showed that an improvement in NT-proBNP levels was associated with a lower risk of DFU recurrence( OR=0.378, 95% CI 0.183-0.779, P=0.008), and improvement in NYHA class was associated with a lower mortality risk( OR=0.074, 95% CI 0.020-0.275, P<0.001). Conclusion:Cardiac function status and its changes during the treatment of DFU patients have strong prognostic implications, particularly in predicting the risk of recurrence and death outcomes.

Objective:Migraine and tremor share some genetic mutation sites,and clinical studies have also confirmed their correlation.This study aims to explore the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of migraine patients with concomitant tremor,and to analyze the relevant influential factors of tremor occurrence. Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 217 migraine patients who visited the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University from June 2022 to October 2023.The Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor(CRST),Numerical Rating Scale(NRS),Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7),and Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)were respectively used to assess the tremor symptoms,degree of headache,anxiety,and depression of patients.All patients underwent routine head MR scanning and electromyography examination,and were divided into a migraine with tremor group and a migraine without tremor group based on the electromyogram examination. Results:The migraine with tremor group and the migraine without tremor group were included 52 patients(23.96%)and 165 patients(76.04%),respectively.Compared with the migraine without tremor group,the migraine with tremor group had a longer course and duration of headache,higher frequency of headache attacks,higher NRS score,GAD-7 score,and PHQ-9 score,and fewer weekly physical exercises.The differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the presence or absence of prodromal headache and white matter hyperintensities(WMHs)between the 2 groups(both P>0.05).The evaluation results of the CRST showed that out of 217 migraine patients,39 patients(17.97%)were accompanied by tremors.The electromyographic results showed that all 52 migraine patients with tremors had upper limb tremors,including 28 migraine patients with postural tremors and 24 migraine patients with static tremors.Compared with the migraine patients with static tremors,the migraine patients with postural tremors had lower average frequency,peak frequency,and headache onset frequency(all P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that frequency of physical exercise,duration of illness,frequency of headache attacks,NRS score,GAD-7 score,and PHQ-9 score were risk factors for migraine patients with concomitant tremors(all P<0.05). Conclusion:Patients with migraine mainly experience upper limb postural tremors.Reduced physical exercise,long course of disease,long duration of headache,frequent headache attacks,severe headache,anxiety,and depression are risk factors for migraine patients with concomitant tremors.