Objective:To analyze trends in urticaria incidence among children aged 0 - 14 years in China from 1990 to 2021, to explore its changing patterns in different age, period, and cohort groups, and to investigate the impact of age and air pollutants on the incidence trends.Methods:Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Database (GBD2021) , including the number of urticaria cases, crude incidence rates, and age-standardized incidence rates among children aged 0 - 14 years of different genders in China from 1990 to 2021. The Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) to assess temporal trends in incidence rates. An age-period-cohort model was applied to assess the effects of age, period, and cohort on urticaria incidence. Data on the annual emissions of 4 air pollutants (SO 2, CO, PM 2.5, and PM 10) in China from 1990 to 2021 were obtained from the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) , and a multivariable meta-regression model was used to explore the relationship between air pollutants and urticaria incidence. Results:From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate of urticaria among children aged 0 - 14 years in China demonstrated a slight overall downward trend (AAPC = -0.03%, P < 0.01) . The incidence rate was generally higher in female children than in male children, and the decline in incidence rates was greater in female children than in male children (female AAPC = -0.02%, male AAPC = -0.01%, both P < 0.01) . The age-period-cohort model indicated that the risk of urticaria decreased with advancing age: with the age group of 0 - 4 years as the reference ( RR = 1.000) , the risk of urticaria significantly decreased in the age group of 5 - 9 years ( RR = 0.790, 95% CI: 0.789 - 0.791) and further declined in the age group of 10 - 14 years ( RR = 0.711, 95% CI: 0.710 - 0.711) ; the period effect analysis showed that the risk of urticaria gradually decreased after the baseline period of 1992 - 1996 ( RR = 1.000) , and dropped to 0.995 (95% CI: 0.994 - 0.997) in the period of 2017 - 2021; in the cohort effect analysis of the overall population aged 0 - 14 years, with the 1988 - 1992 birth cohort as the base cohort, an earlier birth cohort 1978 - 1982 exhibited the highest risk of urticaria ( RR = 1.006, 95% CI: 1.004 - 1.009) , while the 2013 - 2017 cohort showed the lowest risk ( RR = 0.996, 95% CI: 0.994 - 0.997) . The multivariable meta-regression analysis indicated a significant association between PM 2.5 exposure and urticaria incidence ( β = 0.319, 95% CI: 0.022 - 0.616, P = 0.033) , although this association was not statistically significant in different age groups. Conclusions:From 1990 to 2021, children aged 0 - 4 years in China were the highest-risk group for urticaria; the decline in the incidence rate of urticaria was more pronounced in female children than in male children, and earlier birth cohorts exhibited higher risks of urticaria. Exposure to PM 2.5 appeared to be associated with the incidence of urticaria.

Objective:To analyze trends in urticaria incidence among children aged 0 - 14 years in China from 1990 to 2021, to explore its changing patterns in different age, period, and cohort groups, and to investigate the impact of age and air pollutants on the incidence trends.Methods:Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Database (GBD2021) , including the number of urticaria cases, crude incidence rates, and age-standardized incidence rates among children aged 0 - 14 years of different genders in China from 1990 to 2021. The Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) to assess temporal trends in incidence rates. An age-period-cohort model was applied to assess the effects of age, period, and cohort on urticaria incidence. Data on the annual emissions of 4 air pollutants (SO 2, CO, PM 2.5, and PM 10) in China from 1990 to 2021 were obtained from the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) , and a multivariable meta-regression model was used to explore the relationship between air pollutants and urticaria incidence. Results:From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate of urticaria among children aged 0 - 14 years in China demonstrated a slight overall downward trend (AAPC = -0.03%, P < 0.01) . The incidence rate was generally higher in female children than in male children, and the decline in incidence rates was greater in female children than in male children (female AAPC = -0.02%, male AAPC = -0.01%, both P < 0.01) . The age-period-cohort model indicated that the risk of urticaria decreased with advancing age: with the age group of 0 - 4 years as the reference ( RR = 1.000) , the risk of urticaria significantly decreased in the age group of 5 - 9 years ( RR = 0.790, 95% CI: 0.789 - 0.791) and further declined in the age group of 10 - 14 years ( RR = 0.711, 95% CI: 0.710 - 0.711) ; the period effect analysis showed that the risk of urticaria gradually decreased after the baseline period of 1992 - 1996 ( RR = 1.000) , and dropped to 0.995 (95% CI: 0.994 - 0.997) in the period of 2017 - 2021; in the cohort effect analysis of the overall population aged 0 - 14 years, with the 1988 - 1992 birth cohort as the base cohort, an earlier birth cohort 1978 - 1982 exhibited the highest risk of urticaria ( RR = 1.006, 95% CI: 1.004 - 1.009) , while the 2013 - 2017 cohort showed the lowest risk ( RR = 0.996, 95% CI: 0.994 - 0.997) . The multivariable meta-regression analysis indicated a significant association between PM 2.5 exposure and urticaria incidence ( β = 0.319, 95% CI: 0.022 - 0.616, P = 0.033) , although this association was not statistically significant in different age groups. Conclusions:From 1990 to 2021, children aged 0 - 4 years in China were the highest-risk group for urticaria; the decline in the incidence rate of urticaria was more pronounced in female children than in male children, and earlier birth cohorts exhibited higher risks of urticaria. Exposure to PM 2.5 appeared to be associated with the incidence of urticaria.

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, not only leads to severe yield losses but also poses a threat to food safety due to the mycotoxins produced by the pathogen. Since this disease is preventable but not curable, the current control mainly relies on chemical fungicides, the long-term use of which may lead to pathogen resistance and environmental pollution. To develop green control methods, we screened 13 biocontrol strains from the rhizosphere soil of wheat, among which strain No. 12 (identified as Pythium aphanidermatum) showed significant antifungal effects. In the plate confrontation test, this strain reduced the colony diameter of the pathogen by 69.2% (1.47 mm vs. 4.78 mm in the control group), with an inhibition rate of 77% (P < 0.01). Microscopic observation revealed obvious deformations in the pathogen hyphae, suggesting a lysing effect. The coleoptile experiment further confirmed that the pre-treatment with this strain reduced the incidence rate to 0. These findings provide new candidate strains for the biocontrol of FHB and offer a scientific basis for reducing the use of chemical fungicides and promoting sustainable agricultural development.
Triticum/growth & development* ; Fusarium/growth & development* ; Plant Diseases/prevention & control* ; Soil Microbiology ; Pest Control, Biological/methods* ; Pythium/physiology* ; Biological Control Agents ; Rhizosphere ; Fungicides, Industrial

This article summarizes the current research status of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in sepsis patients after discharge, including the current states of short-term and long-term HRQOL, influencing factors, and interventions. Recent studies have shown that both short-term and long-term HRQOL of sepsis patients after discharge are suboptimal. Given the numerous and long-lasting factors that affect HRQOL, it is recommended that individualized nursing interventions targeting these factors be implemented in clinical practice. Further research should explore effective methods to improve the HRQOL of sepsis patients.

Objective:To investigate serum lipidomic profiles in patients with chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD), and to search for biomarkers of CAD.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted. Serum samples were collected from 46 patients with CAD and 16 age- and gender-matched healthy controls in the Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology from April 2011 to December 2021. Changes in serum lipid composition and expression were assessed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were performed to screen differential biomarkers, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to screen diagnostic markers. Comparisons of the age and gender distribution between groups were performed using t test and chi-square test, respectively. Results:The 46 CAD patients were aged from 30 to 84 (60.39 ± 10.52) years, including 41 males and 5 females; the 16 healthy controls were aged from 50 to 89 (59.81 ± 10.72) years, including 14 males and 2 females; there were no significant differences in the age or gender distribution between the two groups (age: t = 0.19, P = 0.853; gender: χ2 = 0.03, P = 0.859). Totally, 4 136 lipid molecules belonging to 40 subclasses were identified in the serum samples from CAD patients as well as healthy controls. Twenty-two differential lipid molecules were identified between the CAD patients and healthy controls, belonging to 9 subclasses (triglycerides, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, monofatty acid glycerides, lysophosphatidylcholine, hexose ceramide, diglycerides, and cardiolipin). When the combinations of triglycerides (37.7e) and Na, those of monoglycerides (22.3) and NH 4, or those of phosphatidylserine (18.0_18.1) and H served as diagnostic markers separately, the areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) were all > 0.8, and the AUCs of 16 differential lipid molecules were all > 0.7. Conclusion:The serum lipid composition differed between healthy controls and CAD patients, and the combinations of triglycerides (37.7e) and Na, those of monoglycerides (22.3) and NH 4, and those of phosphatidylserine (18.0_18.1) and H may be promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of CAD.

BACKGROUND: The clinical features of enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have been reported in some Western countries, but data in China are very limited. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of enthesitis in Chinese patients with PsA and compared them with those in other cohorts. METHODS: Patients with PsA enrolled in the Chinese Registry of Psoriatic Arthritis (CREPAR) (December 2018 to June 2021) were included. Data including demographics, clinical characteristics, disease activity measures, and treatment were collected at enrollment. Enthesitis was assessed by the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC), Maastricht ankylosing spondylitis enthesitis score (MASES), and Leeds enthesitis index (LEI) indices. A multivariable logistic model was used to identify factors related to enthesitis. We also compared our results with those of other cohorts. RESULTS: In total, 1074 PsA patients were included, 308 (28.7%) of whom had enthesitis. The average number of enthesitis was 3.3 ± 2.8 (range: 1.0-18.0). More than half of the patients (165, 53.6%) had one or two tender entheseal sites. Patients with enthesitis had an earlier age of onset for both psoriasis and arthritis, reported a higher proportion of PsA duration over 5 years, and had a higher percentage of axial involvement and greater disease activity. Multivariable logistic regression showed that axial involvement (odds ratio [OR] 2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59-3.08; P <0.001), psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04; P = 0.002), and disease activity score 28-C reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.01-1.55; P = 0.037) were associated with enthesitis. Compared with the results of other studies, Chinese patients with enthesitis had a younger age, lower body mass index (BMI), a higher rate of positive human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27, more frequent dactylitis, and a higher proportion of conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs' (csDMARDs) use. CONCLUSIONS Enthesitis is a common condition among Chinese patients with PsA. It is important to evaluate entheses in both peripheral and axial sites.
Humans ; Arthritis, Psoriatic/drug therapy* ; East Asian People ; Enthesopathy/complications* ; Registries ; Severity of Illness Index ; Spondylarthritis/epidemiology*

Objective To compare the effects of different statistical protocols on the results of external quality assessment(EQA)of se-men,and select appropriate statistical protocols for the promotion of EQA of semen.Methods Taking sperm concentration as an ex-ample,the semen EQA data of 20 laboratories in Hunan Province in 2022 were selected,and the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional statistical scheme(TSS),robust statistical scheme(RSS)and traditional statistical scheme after eliminating the"outliers"(TSEOS)combined with robust statistical technology were analyzed and compared.Results The"outliers"could not be excluded from the sperm concentration data of the four groups in the TSS,which led to the difference between TSS and RSS or TSEOS.The num-ber of qualified laboratories for TSS and RSS were 19 vs 16,19 vs 16,19 vs 19,and 19 vs 19,respectively.Conclusion The results of RSS are similar to those of TSEOS.Compared with TSS,RSS do not need to remove outlier data steps,and are more suitable for se-men EQA data analysis with small data volume.

Objective:To investigate the related genes, signaling pathways and possible mechanisms of malignant transformation of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) immortalized cervical epithelial cell line H8.Methods:The malignant transformed H8 cell model was constructed, and the changes of cell invasion ability and cell migration ability of H8 cells after malignant transformation were detected by Transwell assay, and the changes of clone formation ability of H8 cells after malignant transformation were detected by plate clone formation assay. Total RNA was extracted from malignant transformed H8 cells and H8 cells, and the two groups of cells were sequenced by transcriptome using Illumina novaseq 6000 sequencing platform, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and analyzed, and Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction were performed.Results:The invasion ability, migration ability and clone formation ability of malignant transformed H8 cells significantly increased as compared to H8 cells. A total of 203 differentially expressed genes were identified in H8 cells before and after malignant transformation, of which 98 were up-regulated and 105 down-regulated. GO enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly involved in biological processes such as cellular processes, biological regulation, and metabolic processes. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolic pathway, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism pathway, p53 signaling pathway and TGF-β signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. PPI analysis screened 10 hub genes including DDIT3, TRIB3 and ASNS.Conclusions:Compared with H8 cells, malignant transformed H8 cells have a large number of differentially expressed genes and pathways at the transcriptional level, which could further provide new ideas for the mechanism of malignant transformation and carcinogenesis as well as finding new targets for the prevention of malignant transformation.

OBJECTIVES: Patients from different social environments and cultural backgrounds have different nursing needs. If nurses ignore the cultural differences of patients, it is easy to lead to the strained nurse-patient relationship, affect the nursing effect and cause harm to patients. Critical cultural competence (CCC) can help nurses to meet the nursing needs of patients from different cultural backgrounds, which is beneficial to building a harmonious nurse-patient relationship and improving the quality of nursing. Almutairi, et al designed the Critical Cultural Competence Scale (CCCS) which can be used to evaluate accurately nurses' CCC. No studies have reported the development of a critical cultural competence measurement tool for nurses or the introduction of foreign scales in China. This study aims to conduct Chinese and cross-cultural debugging and test the reliability of the English version of the CCCS in order to form CCCS suitable for Chinese cultural background and provide an effective evaluation tool for investigating the current situation of clinical nurses' CCC. METHODS: This study used Brislin's back-translation model to translate and back-translation the English version of CCCS. The Chinese version of CCCS was then created through cross-cultural debugging by expert consultation and a pre-survey with a sample size of 30 clinical nurses. From August to October 2019, 580 clinical nurses were surveyed using a whole group sampling method. The participants were randomly divided into 2 groups with a 7꞉3 ratio. One group (n=406) was used for exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis, while the other group (n=174) was used for confirmatory factor analysis. Six experts used the scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) and the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) to assess content validity. In the exploratory factor analysis, items were screened using the critical ratio method, and were tested using the KMO (Kalser-Meyer-Olkin) index, Bartlett's sphericity test, and principal component analysis. In the confirmatory factor analysis, average variance extracted (AVE), goodness of fit index (GFI), adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were used to assess the degree of fit of the constructed model. For the total scale and the 4 subscales, the Cronbach's α coefficient, split-half reliability, and retest reliability were used to assess the scale's reliability. RESULTS: The S-CVI was 0.930, while the I-CVI ranged from 0.833 to 0.944. For all items, the critical ratio exceeded 3, and the difference between the high and low subgroups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Exploratory factor analysis revealed critical knowledge subscale had a KMO value of 0.676, with the total scale and other 3 subscales all having a KMO value >0.8 and a chi-square value of 814.32 to 12 442.45 for the Bartlett's spherical test, with degree of freedom ranging from 21 to 136 (P<0.001), indicating that all items were suitable for factor analysis. The principal component analysis showed that 17, 12, 7, and 7 items were extracted from the 4 subscales, with 4, 3, 2, and 2 components whose eigenvalues were more than 1, and the cumulative variance contribution was 66.0%, 54.3%, 56.6%, and 70.2%, respectively. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the AVE of the 4 subscales were 0.637, 0.499, 0.560, and 0.565, GFI was 0.904, AGFI was 0.863, and RMSEA was 0.076. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the total scale and subscales ranged from 0.811 to 0.878, the split-half reliability ranged from 0.707 to 0.842, and the retest reliability was 0.827. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese version of the CCCS has good reliability and validity, and it can be used as a valid assessment tool for clinical nurses' critical cultural competence in China.
Humans ; Cultural Competency ; Reproducibility of Results ; Psychometrics/methods* ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; China

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the risk factors for the development of liver cancer in patients with hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis (LC) treated and fully managed with long-term nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs).Methods:The study subjects were derived from the follow-up cohort of chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis who received antiviral therapy in the Department of Infectious Diseases of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from February 2004 to September 2019. LC patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. The life-table method was used to calculate the incidence of liver cancer. Multivariable Cox regression model was used to analyze the risk factors that may affect the development of liver cancer in patients with LC. A subgroup analysis was conducted in liver cirrhotic patients who developed liver cancer to evaluate the effectiveness of antiviral treatment compliance. The 2 test was used for rate comparison. Results:The median follow-up time of 198 LC cases treated with NAs was 6.0 years (1.0-15.3 years). By the end of the visit: (1) 16.2% (32/198) of LC patients had developed liver cancer, and the cumulative incidence of liver cancer in 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 years were 0, 8.9%, 14.3%, 18.6%, and 23.4%, respectively, with an average annual incidence of 3.1%. Among the 32 cases with liver cancer, 68.7% had developed small liver cancer (22/32). (2) Univariate Cox model analysis showed that the development of liver cancer was related to four factors, i.e., the presence or absence of LC nodules, whether the baseline was first-line medication, the family history of liver cancer, and patient compliance. The results of multivariate Cox model analysis showed that poor patient compliance and baseline non-first-line medication were risk factors for liver cancer. (3) The results of log-rank test subgroup analysis showed that the 5-year cumulative incidence of liver cancer in patients with hardened nodules was significantly higher than that of patients without hardened nodules (21.7% vs. 11.5%, P = 0.029). The 5-year cumulative incidence of liver cancer in patients with non-first-line drugs was significantly higher than that of patients with first-line drugs (22.0% vs.8.2%, P = 0.003). The 5-year cumulative incidence of liver cancer in patients with poor compliance was significantly higher than that of patients with good compliance (21.3% vs. 12.7%, P = 0.014). The 5-year cumulative incidence of liver cancer in patients with a family history of liver cancer was significantly higher than that of patients without a family history of liver cancer (22.3% vs. 8.1%, P = 0.006). (4) Compared with patients with poor compliance, patients with good compliance had higher HBV DNA negative serconversion rate (98.7% vs. 87.8%, P = 0.005), and a lower virological breakthrough rate (12.1% vs. 29.3%, P = 0.007). Conclusion:The long-term NAs antiviral therapy can reduce the risk of liver cancer, but it cannot completely prevent the development of liver cancer, especially in patients with a family history of liver cancer and baseline hardened nodules (high risk of liver cancer). Furthermore, the complete management can improve patient compliance, ensure the efficacy of antiviral therapy, and reduce the risk of liver cancer development, so to achieve secondary prevention of liver cancer, i.e., early detection, diagnosis and treatment.