ObjectiveTo investigate the contamination status of Staphylococcus aureus in food and the presence of enterotoxin genes in Jiading District， Shanghai， and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of foodborne Staphylococcus aureus disease. MethodsFrom 2021 to 2023， 15 types of food were sampled for S. aureus testing， and the presence of five enterotoxin genes， including sea⁃see， was tested in the strains. ResultsOut of 705 food samples， 88 （12.48%） were positive for S. aureus. S. aureus was detected in 12 of the 15 food types， with the three food types with the highest positive rates being cold noodles （45.00%）， raw poultry （26.25%）， and vegetable salads （20.00%）. The enterotoxin gene carriage rate was 32.95% in food strains. The carriage rates for sea， seb， and sec were 7.95%， 12.50%， and 14.77%， respectively. Neither sed nor see was detected. The detection rate of strains carrying two types of enterotoxin genes was 2.27%. The enterotoxin carriage rates in strains from vegetables， beverages， and raw meat were 57.14%， 40.00%， and 30.00%， respectively. ConclusionThe S. aureus detection rate in food in Jiading District is much higher than the national average. The enterotoxin gene carriage rates are high， with food strains carrying sea， seb， and sec， with sec being the most prevalent. There is a need to enhance monitoring of S. aureus and enterotoxins， especially in high-risk foods such as noodles， vegetables， and non-packaged beverages.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in patients with diarrhea, and to analyze the genes carriage of enterotoxin in the strains of these patients in Jiading District, Shanghai. MethodsFrom 2021 to 2023, anal swabs of diarrhea outpatients from one sentinel hospital and nine community health service centers in different townships in Jiading District, Shanghai, were tested for Staphylococcus aureus, from which five enterotoxin virulence genes such as SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and SEE were tested simultaneously. ResultsA total of 1 080 anal swabs were collected, 81 of which were tested positive for S. aureus, with a detection rate of 7.50%, and the detection rate of S. aureus was similar in patients with diarrhea from 2021‒2023. There was no statistically significant difference in detection rates between males and females (χ²=0.821, P=0.365). S. aureus detection rate was highest in infants and young children with diarrhea (29.51%), followed by 14.06% in the people aged between 4‒<31 years, and 2.99% in those aged ≥31 years. Significant differences were observed in the detection rate of S. aureus in the diarrhoeal patients from different townships of Jiading District(χ²=66.134,P<0.05). The carriage rates of the 5 enterotoxin genes, namely SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE, were 13.58%, 14.81%, 11.11%, 7.41%, and 0, respectively. ConclusionThe prevalence of S. aureus among the patients with diarrhea in Jiading District is relatively stable but with distinct geographical patterns. Children and adolescents are high-risk groups. SEB were the dominant gene, followed by SEA.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between complement C3 and urine protein level and proteinuria remission status in patients with primary membranous nephropathy (PMN), and better guide individualized clinical treatment.Methods:It was a single-center retrospective study. The clinical data of PMN patients who underwent renal biopsy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2017 to June 2022 were collected. Patients with 24 h urinary protein ≥ 3.5 g were followed up after receiving standard treatment, and the last outpatient or inpatient review was used as the end point of follow-up. 24 h urine protein was collected to evaluate the remission status of proteinuria. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the correlation between serum and renal complements and proteinuria remission. Cox regression analysis method was used to analyze the correlation between serum C3 level and renal tissue C3 deposition and proteinuria remission.Results:This study included 507 PMN patients with 312 (61.54%) males, aged 54 (43, 64) years old. Compared with 24 h urinary protein < 3.5 g group, proportion of males ( χ2=22.479, P<0.001), age ( Z=-2.521, P=0.012), systolic blood pressure ( Z=-4.148, P<0.001), diastolic blood pressure ( Z=-4.084, P<0.001), serum anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody titer ( Z=-7.019, P<0.001), total cholesterol ( Z=-8.796, P<0.001), triglyceride ( Z=-6.158, P<0.001), low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( Z=-8.716, P<0.001), serum creatinine ( Z=-7.368, P<0.001), serum C3 ( Z=-3.663, P<0.001), serum C4 ( Z=-6.560, P<0.001), proportion of glucocorticoid use ( χ2=116.417, P<0.001) and proportion of immunosuppressant use ( χ2=53.839, P<0.001) were all higher, while serum albumin ( Z=12.518, P<0.001), estimated glomerular filtration rate ( Z=6.345, P<0.001) and serum IgG ( Z=7.321, P<0.001) were all lower in 24 h urinary protein ≥3.5 g group. There were 268 patients included in the follow-up cohort with baseline 24 h urinary protein of 7.15 (5.14, 10.24) g, serum anti-PLA2R antibody titer of 61.44 (14.35, 193.24) RU/ml, serum C3 of 1.005 (0.864, 1.150) g/L, and serum C4 of 0.260 (0.214, 0.317) g/L. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the incomplete remission rate of proteinuria in serum C3 > 1.005 g/L group was lower than that in serum C3 ≤ 1.005 g/L group (log-rank χ2=4.757, P=0.029). There was no significant difference in the incomplete remission rate of proteinuria between serum C4 ≤ 0.260 g/L group and serum C4 > 0.260 g/L group (log-rank χ2=3.543, P=0.060). Renal C1q (log-rank χ2=0.167, P=0.683) and C4 (log-rank χ2=1.927, P=0.165) deposition had no significant effects on proteinuria remission in PMN patients. The incomplete remission rate of proteinuria in patients with renal C3 deposition was higher than that in patients without renal C3 deposition (log-rank χ2=7.018, P=0.008). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that serum C3 level and C3 deposition in renal tissues were influencing factors of incomplete remission of proteinuria (both P<0.05), while adjusting for gender, age, mean arterial pressure, serum anti-PLA2R antibody, serum albumin and 24 h urinary protein, serum C3 ≤ 1.005 g/L ( HR=1.374, 95% CI 1.021-1.849, P=0.036), C3 deposition in renal tissues ( HR=1.949, 95% CI 1.098-3.460, P=0.023), and serum C3 ≤ 1.005 g/L combined with C3 deposition in renal tissues ( HR=1.472, 95% CI 1.093-1.983, P=0.011) were independent influencing factors of incomplete remission of proteinuria. Conclusions:The serum C3 level and C3 deposition in renal tissues are closely related to urinary protein level and proteinuria remission status in PMN patients. The patients with higher urinary protein have higher serum C3. For patients with massive proteinuria, serum C3 ≤ 1.005 g/L, C3 deposition in renal tissues, serum C3 ≤ 1.005 g/L combined with C3 deposition in renal tissues are independent risk factors of incomplete remission of proteinuria.

Objective To analyze the expression of miR-4524a-3p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)and major immune cell subsets of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),and evaluate its clinical application.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from SLE patients and healthy controls,followed by isolation of PBMCs,CD3+T lymphocytes,CD19+B lymphocytes,and CD14+monocytes using human peripheral blood lymphocyte isolation solution(Ficoll)and immunomagnetic bead cell sorting.The expression level of miR-4524a-3p was quantified using fluorescence quantitative PCR.Pearson's linear correlation analysis was per-formed to assess the relationship between miR-4524a-3p expression and the disease activity score in SLE patients(SLEDAI).Additionally,the diagnostic efficacy of miR-4524a-3p for SLE was evaluated by constructing a receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC).Results The expression of miR-4524a-3p was significantly decreased in PBMCs(P<0.05),CD3+T cells(P<0.001),and CD14+monocytes(P<0.001)from patients with SLE compared to healthy controls.Furthermore,it exhibited a negative correlation with SLEDAI score(r=-0.406,P<0.01).Notably,the expression level of miR-4524a-3p was significantly lower in patients with moderate or severe active stage than those in mild and inactive stages(P<0.01).In addition,the SLE subgroup with lupus nephritis and joint involvement displayed lower levels of miR-4524a-3p compared to the subgroup without such manifestations(P<0.01).Importantly,ROC analysis demonstrated that miR-4524a-3p holds promising diagnostic value for SLE.Conclusion The expression of miR-4524a-3p was significantly diminished in CD3+T cells and CD14+monocytes derived from patients with SLE,exhibiting a close association with disease activity and demonstrating potential clinical diagnostic value for SLE.

Objective To evaluate the effect of red-blue light photon assisted therapy on wound healing after flap reconstruction of limb traumatic defects.Methods A total of 146 patients who were admitted to the Ward of Microsurgery of ⅢA hospital of Shanghai from January 2020 to December 2021 and received flap reconstruction surgery for soft tissue defects of limbs were included in this prospective observational study.According to the order of admission,patients were divided into a control group(n=70)and an trial group(n=76).In the control group,a 60W thermal lamp was offered to the patients for locally heating the flaps,with continuous irradiation for 24 hours with a maintaining power of 1-2W,at an approximately 30-45 cm in distance from the flap.In the trial group,based on the thermal irradiation applied to the control group,a combined red and blue light photon irradiation therapy was offered as an additional measure,by twice a day at 20 minutes per session of blue-red light photon irradiation,at 8-12cm in distance from the flap.The two groups were compared in terms of tension of tissues around flap,incidence of infection within 7 days after surgery and the survival of flap within 2 weeks after surgery.Results The two groups showed no significant difference in terms of tissue tension between the 1st and 3rd day after surgery(P<0.05),but with significant differences on the 5th and 7th day after surgery(P>0.05).The trial group exhibited significantly lower incidence of infection within 7 days after surgery compared to that of the control group(P<0.05),and with a significantly higher flap survival rate at 2 weeks after surgery(P<0.05).Conclusion After the flap reconstruction of soft tissue defects of limbs,a red-blue light assisted photon irradiation therapy can effectively improve postoperative tissue tension around a flap,reduce infection rate and improve the survival rate of a flap.It provides an effective and safe interventional measures for postoperative care of the transferred flap.

Objective To investigate the knowledge and behavioral status of foot care among patients with type 2 diabetes in Xinjiekou Community in Beijing and analyze its influencing factors. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to select 278 diabetes patients from Xinjiekou Community in Beijing for questionnaire surveys, which included general information, foot care knowledge, and behaviors of the patients. Results The average score of foot care knowledge among the 278 patients was (71.65±14.59), indicating a moderate level overall. The average score of foot care behavior was (48.83±8.83), indicating a poor level overall. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that gender, duration of diabetes, and whether the patients had received foot care education or not were independent influencing factors for both the foot care knowledge score and the foot care behavior score among community diabetes patients (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that a positive correlation between foot care knowledge and foot care behavior among community diabetes patients was observed(r=0.593, P < 0.001). Conclusion The level of foocare knowledge among diabetes patients in this community in Beijing is moderate, while the status of foot care behaviors is not optimistic. Community healthcare professionals should strengthen health education on foot care, improve patients' knowledge of foot care and compliance with foot care behaviors, and pay attention to male patients and those with a shorter duration of diabetes to reduce the occurrence of diabetic foot.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic etiology of two patients with developmental delay and intellectual disability. METHODS: Two children who were respectively admitted to Henan Provincial People's Hospital on August 29, 2021 and August 5, 2019 were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data were collected, and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was carried out on the children and their parents for the detection of chromosomal microduplication/microdeletions. RESULTS: Patient 1 was a 2-year-and-10-month female and patient 2 was a 3-year-old female. Both children had featured developmental delay, intellectual disability, and abnormal findings on cranial MRI. aCGH revealed that patient 1 has harbored arr[hg19] 6q14.2q15(84621837_90815662)×1, a 6.19 Mb deletion at 6q14.2q15, which encompassed ZNF292, the pathogenic gene for Autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder 64. Patient 2 has harbored arr[hg19] 22q13.31q13.33(46294326_51178264)×1, a 4.88 Mb deletion at 22q13.31q13.33 encompassing the SHANK3 gene, haploinsufficiency of which can lead to Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Both deletions were classified as pathogenic CNVs based on the guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and were not found in their parents. CONCLUSION The 6q14.2q15 deletion and 22q13-31q13.33 deletion probably underlay the developmental delay and intellectual disability in the two children, respectively. Haploinsufficiency of the ZNF292 gene may account for the key clinical features of the 6q14.2q15 deletion.
Humans ; Child ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Intellectual Disability/genetics* ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; Chromosome Disorders/genetics* ; Chromosome Deletion ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 ; Developmental Disabilities/genetics* ; Carrier Proteins/genetics* ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics*

Recombinant proteins provide new means for disease treatment, while creating considerable economic benefits. Using commercial crops (mainly tobacco), cereal crops, legumes, and vegetable crops to produce recombinant proteins with medicinal value is a hot-spot for research in "molecular farming". Although many recombinant proteins have been expressed in plants, only a small number have been successfully put into use. To overcome the problems that greatly hamper the development of recombinant protein production in plants, researchers have improved expression systems to increase the yield of recombinant proteins. Starting from analyzing the problems of low yield and/or low biological activity of recombinant proteins produced by plants, the optimization strategies to solve these problems were reviewed, and future research directions for improving the yield of recombinant proteins produced by plants were proposed.
Crops, Agricultural/genetics* ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics* ; Recombinant Proteins ; Tobacco/genetics*

[Objective]:To explore the effect evaluation of discharge preparation service on elderly patients with hip fractures.Methods:Totally 80 elderly patients with hip fractures admitted to Shanghai Sixth People′s Hospital from April 2019 to October 2019 were selected as the research objects, and they were divided into intervention group and control group according to admission time, 40 patients in each group. The control group was given routine nursing care, and the intervention group was given readiness service for hospital discharge.The application effect of the scheme was evaluated by the degree of readiness for discharge and the quality of discharge guidance, Barthel index score, Harris score and incidence of complications.Results:In the intervention group,the total score of readiness for hospital discharge of patients was 83.43±8.10,the total score of the quality of discharge guidance was 151.30±16.61,while those in the control group were 77.13 ± 9.30, 141.58 ± 18.34, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant( t=3.23, 2.49, both P<0.05).In terms of the follow-up after patients were discharged for 3 months, the Harris hip score and Barthel index scores for patients with hip fracture were 82.53 ± 7.83 and 88.13 ± 3.34,while those were 76.03 ± 12.15, 86.13 ± 2.65 in the control group,the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t=2.84, 2.97, both P<0.05). Conclusions:The discharge preparation service can effectively improve the readiness for hospital discharge and the quality of discharge guidance. It improves the hip joint function, the quality of life of patients, and the clinical outcome of patients effectively.

Objective:To investigate the dynamic expression of histone methyltransferase (enhance of zeste homolog 2, EZH2) in peripheral blood B lymphocytes (CD19 +B) and memory B lymphocytes (CD19 +CD27 +B) of septic patients and its value in predicting prognosis in sepsis. Methods:From June 2018 to January 2020, 48 septic patients in the Intensive Care Unit of Shanghai East Hospital were enrolled, and 40 healthy adult volunteers were recruited as healthy controls. Septic patients were divided into the non-survivors (18 cases) and the survivors (30 cases) according to whether the patients survived at 28 days. Blood samples were collected at day 1, 3 and 7, blood routine, IL-6 and blood gas analysis were collected, and SOFA and APACHE Ⅱ scores were counted. Flow cytometry was used to detect the positive rate and the mean fluorescence intensity of EZH2 on CD19 +B lymphocytes, and the positive rate of EZH2 on CD19 +CD27 +B lymphocytes at different time points. In the healthy controls, fasting was taken only once in the morning. ROC curve was drawn and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the value of expression of EZH2 on CD19 +B lymphocytes and CD19 +CD27 +B lymphocytes in predicting the prognosis of septic patients. Results:(1) Compared with the healthy controls, the positive rate and average fluorescence intensity of EZH2 on CD19 +B lymphocytes and the positive rate of EZH2 expression on CD19 +CD27 +B lymphocytes were significantly increased at day 1, 2 and 3 in septic patients ( P<0.05). Over time, the expression of EZH2 in CD19 +B lymphocytes and CD19 +CD27 +B lymphocytes increased gradually ( P<0.05). (2) Compared with the survivors, the positive rate of EZH2 on CD19 +B lymphocytes of the non-survivors was increased at day 1, but the positive rate of EZH2 on CD19 +CD27 +B lymphocytes of the non-survivors was decreased at day 3 and 7 ( P<0.05). (3) The positive rate of EZH2 on CD19 +B lymphocytes, APACHE Ⅱ score, SOFA score and IL-6 level in septic patients at day 1 were independently associated with 28-day mortality. (4) The AUC of APACHEⅡ score was 0.907 (95% CI: 0.825-0.990), and the sensitivity and the specificity were 88.89% and 76.67%. The AUC of SOFA score was 0.831 (95% CI: 0.706-0.955), and the sensitivity and the specificity was 66.67% and 86.67%; The AUC of EZH2 positive rate on CD19 +B lymphocytes were 0.799 (95% CI: 0.657-0.941), and the sensitivity and specificity were 88.89% and 80.77%, respectively, the sensitivity was better than SOFA score, and the specificity was higher than APACHEⅡ score. Conclusions:The high expression of EZH2 on B lymphocytes in septic patients is associated with poor prognosis. Dynamic monitoring of EZH2 expression on B lymphocytes has certain predictive value for sepsis.