Objective:To explore the protective effects and mechanisms of an indole-3-acetaldehyde (I3A)-loaded inulin-based hydrogel against radiation-induced intestinal injury.Methods:The gelation properties and injectability of the I3A-loaded inulin-based hydrogel were detected using a rheometer, and its biocompatibility was assessed via a CCK-8 assay. Eighteen C57BL/6 mice (aged: 6-8 weeks) were stratified by body weight and randomly assigned into three groups with 6 mice in each group: blank control, irradiation-only, and irradiation+ hydrogel protection. Abdominal irradiation was administered using 137Cs γ-rays at 17 Gy. The irradiation+ hydrogel protection group received 200 μl/day of I3A-loaded inulin-based hydrogel for two days before and 2-3 days after irradiation. Meanwhile, the irradiation-only group was treated with an equivalent volume of sterile water via gavage. The mice were euthanized four days post-irradiation, and their intestinal tissues were harvested. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Ki67 immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL immunofluorescence were performed to assess histopathological damage, epithelial cell proliferation, and apoptosis, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed to measure mRNA levels of inflammatory and antioxidant factors. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing. Results:The test results of the rheometer confirmed successful hydrogel formation. CCK-8 assays demonstrated excellent biocompatibility. Compared with the irradiation-only group, the irradiation+ hydrogel protection group exhibited preserved intestinal histoarchitecture, a 1.5-fold increase in intestinal cell proliferation ( t = 8.35, P < 0.05), and a 2-fold reduction in radiation-induced apoptosis ( t = 7.94, P < 0.05). Moreover, the hydrogel group showed significantly elevated expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and antioxidant factors NRF-2 and HO-1 ( t = 3.16, 24.83, 5.92, P < 0.05), alongside reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α ( t = 5.15, 3.82, 3.83, P < 0.05). Gut microbiota analysis revealed significant modulation in microbial composition and abundance in the hydrogel group. Conclusions:The I3A-loaded inulin-based hydrogel can significantly promote intestinal cell proliferation, reduce radiation-induced apoptosis, and enhance both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses. In addition, it regulates gut microbiota composition and abundance, protecting against radiation-induced intestinal injury.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 11 children with Protein-Losing Gastrointestinal Disease (PLG) presented with chronic diarrhea who were admitted to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated to Capital Medical University from 2018 to 2025. The data included etiology, laboratory test results, endoscopic and imaging findings, treatment regimens, and prognosis. Among them, there were 6 males and 5 females, with a median age of 7.8 (1.6, 12.0) months, and 9 cases ≤1 year. The etiologies were intestinal lymphangiectasia ( n=5), infection-related enteritis ( n=2), Crohn′s disease ( n=1), eosinophilic gastroenteritis ( n=1), and unknown ( n=2). Clinical manifestations were characterized by chronic diarrhea ( n=11), hypoalbuminemia ( n=11), and immune dysfunction ( n=8). Gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed in 9 cases, and diagnosis was confirmed by endoscopic pathology in 8 cases. Among the 5 cases of intestinal lymphangiectasia, only 3 were confirmed by 99Tc-labeled human serum albumin ( 99Tc m-HSA) radionuclide imaging. Five cases of lymphangiectasia were treated with a high medium-chain triglyceride diet, 2 infectious cases were treated with antibacterial agens, and 3 immune diseases received immunomodulators. Ten cases were cured and discharged, while 1 child died of sepsis after intestinal malrotation surgery. It is suggested that childhood PLG mostly occurs in infancy, with intestinal lymphangiectasia as the main etiology. Endoscopic pathology is the main diagnostic method, and with the combination of nutritional and immunomodulatory therapy, the prognosis is good for most of PLG patients.

Objective:To explore the protective effects and mechanisms of an indole-3-acetaldehyde (I3A)-loaded inulin-based hydrogel against radiation-induced intestinal injury.Methods:The gelation properties and injectability of the I3A-loaded inulin-based hydrogel were detected using a rheometer, and its biocompatibility was assessed via a CCK-8 assay. Eighteen C57BL/6 mice (aged: 6-8 weeks) were stratified by body weight and randomly assigned into three groups with 6 mice in each group: blank control, irradiation-only, and irradiation+ hydrogel protection. Abdominal irradiation was administered using 137Cs γ-rays at 17 Gy. The irradiation+ hydrogel protection group received 200 μl/day of I3A-loaded inulin-based hydrogel for two days before and 2-3 days after irradiation. Meanwhile, the irradiation-only group was treated with an equivalent volume of sterile water via gavage. The mice were euthanized four days post-irradiation, and their intestinal tissues were harvested. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Ki67 immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL immunofluorescence were performed to assess histopathological damage, epithelial cell proliferation, and apoptosis, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed to measure mRNA levels of inflammatory and antioxidant factors. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing. Results:The test results of the rheometer confirmed successful hydrogel formation. CCK-8 assays demonstrated excellent biocompatibility. Compared with the irradiation-only group, the irradiation+ hydrogel protection group exhibited preserved intestinal histoarchitecture, a 1.5-fold increase in intestinal cell proliferation ( t = 8.35, P < 0.05), and a 2-fold reduction in radiation-induced apoptosis ( t = 7.94, P < 0.05). Moreover, the hydrogel group showed significantly elevated expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and antioxidant factors NRF-2 and HO-1 ( t = 3.16, 24.83, 5.92, P < 0.05), alongside reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α ( t = 5.15, 3.82, 3.83, P < 0.05). Gut microbiota analysis revealed significant modulation in microbial composition and abundance in the hydrogel group. Conclusions:The I3A-loaded inulin-based hydrogel can significantly promote intestinal cell proliferation, reduce radiation-induced apoptosis, and enhance both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses. In addition, it regulates gut microbiota composition and abundance, protecting against radiation-induced intestinal injury.

Objective To investigate the effect of protocatechuic acid(PCA)on Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nu-clear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)signal pathway in rats with ulcerative colitis(UC).Methods After modeling,rats were divided into control group,model group(5%trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)induction),low(L-PCA),middle(M-PCA),high(H-PCA)dose protocatechuic acid group(rats were given with PCA at doses of 20,40 and 80 mg/kg respectively),and intervention model group(LPS,rats were given with PCA at doses of 80 mg/kg and 0.8 mg/kg LPS solution intraperitoneally),and 12 rats in each group were given the drug continu-ously for 14 days.After treatment,rats were evaluated by disease activity index(DAI),and the morphology and apoptosis of colon were observed by hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining and TUNEL staining.The protein levels of Occludin,Zona occludens 1(ZO-1),claudin-1,Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-10,TLR4 and p-p65/p65 in colon were detected by Western blotting.The expression of TLR4 protein in colon was de-tected by immunohistochemical staining.Results Compared with control group,the colon of model group rat showed obvious injury,DAI score and positive rate of TUNEL were increased(P＜0.05),the relative protein ex-pression of TNF-α,IL-1β,TLR4 and p-p65 were increased(P＜0.05),the relative protein expression of Occlu-din,ZO-1,claudin-1 and IL-10 were decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with model group,colonic injury was allevi-ated in L-PCA,M-PCA and H-PCA groups,DAI score and positive rate of TUNEL were decreased(P＜0.05),the relative protein expression of TNF-α,IL-1β,TLR4 and p-p65 were decreased(P＜0.05),the relative protein expression of Occludin,ZO-1,claudin-1 and IL-10 were increased(P＜0.05).Compared with H-PCA group,co-lon injury was aggravated in LPS group,DAI score and positive rate of TUNEL were increased(P＜0.05),the rel-ative protein expression of TNF-α,IL-1β,TLR4 and p-p65 was increased(P＜0.05),the relative protein expres-sion of Occludin,ZO-1,claudin-1 and IL-10 was decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusions Protocatechuic acid can al-leviate TNBS-induced colon injury in UC rats,improve intestinal barrier function,and inhibit colon inflammatory response,the mechanism of which is related to the activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 11 children with Protein-Losing Gastrointestinal Disease (PLG) presented with chronic diarrhea who were admitted to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated to Capital Medical University from 2018 to 2025. The data included etiology, laboratory test results, endoscopic and imaging findings, treatment regimens, and prognosis. Among them, there were 6 males and 5 females, with a median age of 7.8 (1.6, 12.0) months, and 9 cases ≤1 year. The etiologies were intestinal lymphangiectasia ( n=5), infection-related enteritis ( n=2), Crohn′s disease ( n=1), eosinophilic gastroenteritis ( n=1), and unknown ( n=2). Clinical manifestations were characterized by chronic diarrhea ( n=11), hypoalbuminemia ( n=11), and immune dysfunction ( n=8). Gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed in 9 cases, and diagnosis was confirmed by endoscopic pathology in 8 cases. Among the 5 cases of intestinal lymphangiectasia, only 3 were confirmed by 99Tc-labeled human serum albumin ( 99Tc m-HSA) radionuclide imaging. Five cases of lymphangiectasia were treated with a high medium-chain triglyceride diet, 2 infectious cases were treated with antibacterial agens, and 3 immune diseases received immunomodulators. Ten cases were cured and discharged, while 1 child died of sepsis after intestinal malrotation surgery. It is suggested that childhood PLG mostly occurs in infancy, with intestinal lymphangiectasia as the main etiology. Endoscopic pathology is the main diagnostic method, and with the combination of nutritional and immunomodulatory therapy, the prognosis is good for most of PLG patients.

Objective:The status quo and related factors of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in multiple parts of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Tianjin were analyzed.Methods:Using the cross-sectional survey method, a total of 600 MSM were recruited in Tianjin from September to December 2023, including 200 (18-26 years old), 300 (27-45 years old), and 100 (≥46 years old) stratificaed by age group. Questionnaire survey was used to collect knowledge and behavioral information related to demography and STD prevention and treatment. Exfoliated cells from genital, perianal and oral cavity were collected for HPV typing detection. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of HPV infection.Results:The infection rate of HPV was 53.67% (322/600) in MSM, with high-risk type as 41.17% (247/600), low-risk type as 27.17% (163/600). The infection rate of HPV in both multiple and single types was 26.83% (161/600).The infection rates of genotypes covered by nine-valent HPV vaccine, quadrivalent HPV vaccine and bivalent HPV vaccine were 36.83% (221/600), 25.17% (151/600) and 9.50% (57/600), respectively.The infection rates of genital HPV, high-risk or low-risk types were 24.67% (148/600), 16.67% (100/600) and 11.00% (66/600), respectively. The infection rates of perianal HPV, high-risk or low-risk types were 42.00% (252/600), 30.17% (181/600) and 20.50% (123/600), respectively. The infection rates of oral HPV high-risk and low-risk types were 3.17% (19/600), 2.33% (14/600) and 1.17% (7/600), respectively. Divorce or widowhood (a OR=2.38, 95% CI: 1.26-4.50), history of homosexual anal intercourse in the past 6 months (a OR=2.28, 95% CI: 1.00-5.50), and use of dependent drugs (including new psychoactive substances) (a OR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.02-2.58) were risk factors for genital HPV infection. College degree/university degree or above (a OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.16-0.81) was a protective factor for perianal HPV infection, and a history of drug dependence (a OR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.19-2.88) was a risk factor. Conclusions:MSM in Tianjin was a high-risk group for HPV infection, and the HPV infection in the perianal area was more severe than in the genital area and oral area.Marital status, education level, history of homosexual anal sex in the past 6 months, and history of drug dependence were related factors of HPV infection among MSM.

Hyperkalemia is one of the common ion metabolism disorders in clinical practice. Hyperkalemia is defined as serum potassium higher than 5.0 mmol/L according to the guidelines at home and abroad. Acute severe hyperkalemia can cause serious consequences, such as flaccid paralysis, fatal arrhythmia, and even cardiac arrest. The use of renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system inhibitors, β-blockers and diuretics, low-sodium and high-potassium diets, and the presence of related comorbidities increase the occurrence of hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia risk exist in all clinical departments, but there is a lack of a standardization in the management of multi- department cooperation in hospital. Therefore, a number of domestic nephrology and cardiology department experts have discussed a management model for multi-department cooperation in hyperkalemia, formulating the management standard on hospital evaluation, early warning, diagnosis and treatment, and process. This can promote each department to more effectively participate in nosocomial hyperkalemia diagnosis and treatment, as well as the long-term management of chronic hyperkalemia, improving the quality of hyperkalemia management in hospital.

Objective:To summarize the key prenatal ultrasound diagnosis features of Apert syndrome, analyze the causes of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, and propose corresponding preventive strategies.Methods:A retrospective analysis was made on the medical records and prenatal ultrasound images of 15 fetuses (including 14 cases referred from other hospitals) who underwent prenatal ultrasound examination in Guangdong Women and Children Hospital from August 2014 to May 2022 and were eventually clinically confirmed as Apert syndrome by induction or after birth. By conducting a comparative analysis, particularly focusing on the initial and final diagnoses of referral cases, the key ultrasound diagnostic points of Apert syndrome and the causes for missed and misdiagnosis were summarized.Results:①Diagnostic accuracy: Among the 15 fetuses, 11 cases (73.3%) were correctly diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound and 4 cases (26.7%) were missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. For the 14 referral cases, only 2 cases (14.3%) were correctly identified in the initial diagnosis at the referring hospital (14.3%), and 12 cases (85.7%) were missed missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. ②Detection rate of ultrasound signs: In the 15 fetuses with Apert syndrome, the detection rate of " cloverleaf" skull was 13.3% (2/15), premature coronal suture was 66.7% (10/15), the " brain shadowing sign" and flat occiput were both 93.3% (14/15), prominent forehead, hypertelorism and bilateral syndactyly of hands were all 100% (15/15), and bilateral syndactyly of feet was 73.3% (11/15). ③Analysis of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis: Among the 4 cases of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis in our hospital, premature closure of coronal suture, " brain shadowing sign", flat occiput and hypertelorism were all not recognized. Among these, 3 cases also missed the prominent forehead, bilateral syndactyly of hands and feet. Additionally, 1 case of bilateral syndactyly of hands was misdiagnosed as partial absence of metacarpals and phalangess.Conclusions:In the prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of fetal Apert syndrome, the symmetric syndactyly of both hands serves as an extremely important diagnostic clue. The " cloverleaf" skull is not common. The premature closure of coronal suture as a direct diagnostic sign with a high detection rate, highlighting its significance in the diagnostic of Apert syndrome. Furthermore, the high detection rates of characteristic ultrasound features such as prominent forehead, flat occiput, " brain shadowing sign" and hypertelorism could help to improve the accuracy of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis for Apert syndrome and effectively reduce missed and misdiagnosis.

Objective:To explore the current situation of nursing human caring in hospital wards and analyze its influencing factors, so as to facilitate the development of nursing human caring practice.Methods:From July to November 2022, a total of 107 hospitals were surveyed through stratified convenience sampling method, and 4 072 ward nursing managers were recruited to finish the general information questionnaire and the ward nursing human caring status questionnaire. The general information included the region, class and type of the hospital, etc. The ward nursing human caring status questionnaire included 38 items in 5 dimensions of nursing human caring system and process, humanistic quality and training of nursing staff, humanistic environment and facilities, human caring procedures and measures, and human caring quality evaluation and improvement, with a full score of 190 points. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the general data, independent samples t-test, ANOVA and correlation analysis were used to analyze the factors influencing the current status of nursing human caring in the ward, while multiple linear regression analysis was used to conduct a multivariate analysis. Results:The score of nursing human caring in hospital wards was 156.91±27.78. Whether the hospital had carried out nursing human caring pilot(demonstration) wards, whether the ward had previously been a hospital nursing human caring pilot(demonstration) nursing unit, the type of ward, and whether nursing managers had participated in human caring training were the influencing factors of the implication of nursing humanistic caring in wards( P<0.05). Conclusions:The practice of nursing human caring in hospital wards is at a good level, but needs to be further strengthened. Nursing managers should take systematically strategies to promote the development of nursing human caring practice.

Objective:To investigate the factors related to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children.Methods:Clinical data of 370 children who underwent 24h multi-channel impedance-pH monitoring (24h MII-pH) in Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2015 to December 2020 were enrolled in the study. The children were divided into GERD group ( n=202)and non-GERD group ( n=168) according to results of 24h MII-pH. The relationship of sex, age, body mass index (BMI), disease course, peripheral blood eosinophils count, IgE, Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, hiatus hernia of patients with GERD was analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results:In GERD group 124 were males and 78 were females with a mean age of (6.4±4.1) years (2 months to 16.75 years), and in non-GERD group 82 were males and 86 were females with a mean age of (8.0±3.5) years (10 months to 15.17 years). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex( OR=0.600,95% CI:0.396-0.908, P=0.016), age ( OR=0.537,95% CI:0.412-0.699, P<0.001)and hiatus hernia( OR=7.433,95% CI:2.567-21.520, P<0.001)were significantly associated with GERD of the children. Multivariate analysis showed that hiatus hernia ( OR=4.023,95% CI:1.298-12.470, P=0.016) was the independent risk factor, while male gender ( OR=0.567,95% CI:0.367-0.874, P=0.010) and younger age ( OR=0.613, 95%CI:0.459-0.819, P=0.001 ) were related factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children. Conclusion:Sex, age, and hiatal hernia are factors related to GERD in children.