BACKGROUND:The guinea pig is considered to be the most useful spontaneous model for evaluating primary osteoarthritis in humans because of its similar knee joint structure and close histopathologic features to those of humans. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the pathological process of spontaneous knee osteoarthritis in guinea pigs by analyzing the histopathology of the total knee joint of guinea pigs aged 1 to 18 months. METHODS:Eight healthy female Hartley guinea pigs in each age group of 1,6,10,14,16,and 18 months old were selected.The quadriceps femoris was taken for hematoxylin-eosin staining,and the total knee joint was stained with hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue.The histopathology of the cartilage,subchondral bone,synovium,meniscus,and muscles were observed under light microscope.Mankin's score and synovitis score were compared,and the correlation analysis was conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:As the guinea pig age increased,the Mankin's score increased(P<0.05),and the pathological score of synovitis also gradually increased(P<0.05),and there was a significant positive correlation between the two(r=0.641,P<0.001).The incidence rate of subchondral bone marrow lesion in 18-month-old guinea pigs was 50%,and the incidence of meniscus injury was 37.5%.In addition,osteophyte and narrowing of the joint space were observed,and only a few guinea pigs had inflammation in the quadriceps femoris.To conclude,guinea pigs develop significant cartilage defects,synovial inflammation,subchondral bone lesions,meniscus injury,osteophyte formation,and joint space narrowing as they age,all of which are similar to the pathological processes of primary knee osteoarthritis in humans,making it an ideal model of spontaneous knee osteoarthritis.

ObjectiveTo analyze the impact of maternal postpartum depression (PPD) at 2 months postpartum on caregiving for infants aged2 to 24 months, and to provide a scientific basis for future maternal and infant healthcare services. MethodsBased on the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort, 1 060 mother-child pairs were selected from those fully participating in follow-up visits at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months postpartum. Pregnancy and childbirth-related information was collected using standardized questionnaire surveys and hospital obstetric and maternity records. The Edinburgh postpartum depression scale was used to assess the maternal postpartum depressive symptoms at 2 months postpartum. At 2, 6, 12, and 24 months postpartum, questionnaire survey was used to evaluate the maternal responsiveness in caregiving and the provision of early learning opportunities for infants. Scores for responsive caregiving and early learning opportunities at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months were grouped based on the 25th percentile (P₂₅) of total scores. The mixed-effects model was used to analyze the longitudinal impact of maternal postpartum depression at 2 months on the caregiving of 2 to 24-month-old infants. ResultsThe longitudinal results from the mixed-effects model did not show an impact of maternal PPD on infant responsive caregiving within 12 months and early learning opportunities within24 months. However, cross-sectional analysis revealed that, compared to the non-PPD group, the risk of low responsive caregiving at 2 months in the PPD group was 93% higher (OR=1.931, 95%CI: 1.113‒3.364, P=0.019). The risks for low provision of early learning opportunities at2 months and 24 months increased by 59% (OR=1.589, 95%CI: 1.082‒2.324, P=0.017) and 60% (OR=1.598, 95%CI:1.120‒2.279, P=0.010), respectively. ConclusionMaternal postpartum depression increases the risk of low responsive caregiving at 2 months, but its long-term effects warrant further research.

Objective To quantitatively assess the association of short-term exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) with residents mortality. Methods A time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted from 2020 to 2022 among 10606 non-accidental residents by using the Guangzhou Cause of Death Surveillance System in Conghua District, Guangzhou. Exposure levels of PAHs in PM_2.5 and meteorological data during the study period were obtained from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Conghua District and the China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System (CLDAS-V2.0), respectively. Conditional Poisson regression model was used to estimate the exposure-response association between PAHs and the mortality risk. Results Fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality. For every one interquartile range increase in exposure levels, the non-accidental mortality risks increased by 8.33% (95% CI: 1.80%, 15.27%), 4.67% (95% CI: 1.86%, 7.57%), 6.07% (95% CI: 2.08%, 10.21%), 4.62% (95% CI: 1.85%, 7.47%), and 4.70% (95% CI: 0.53%, 9.03%), respectively. The estimated non accidental deaths attributable to exposure to fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo[k]fluorine, benzo[a]pyrene and indine[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were 5.91%, 6.08%, 6.51%, 6.46%, and 4.21%, respectively. Conclusions Short-term exposure to PAHs in PM_2.5, including fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene and indine[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality among residents.

Objective To investigate the effect of subchronic inhalation of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) on oxidative stress damage in rat lung tissue. Methods SPF-grade Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,the rats were placed in a HOPE-MED 8050A movable poison cabinet in a cage.To observe the ultrastructural and histopathology changes of lung tissue in rats.The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in lung tissue were detected. The ultrastructural and histopathological changes were examined. The expression levels of HO-1 mRNA and protein were detected by Real-time PCR and Western Blot, respectively. Results The body mass, lung tissue mass, and lung organ coefficient of rats in each dose group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the body mass of rats in each group increased with the increase of exposure time (P<0.05); The results of lung histopathological examination showed that after TDI exposure,in the high-dose group, pulmonary alveolar wall hyperemia and edema were observed in the lung tissue of rats, alveolar wall thickening was observed, alveolar septa widening, and a large number of red blood cells were seen in the alveolar cavity. The results of ultrastructural examination of lung tissue showed that after TDI exposure, while in the high-dose group, the number of alveolar cells decreased, with unclear cell boundaries and irregular morphology. The levels of MDA in the lung tissue of rats exposed to TDI at various doses were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), while the levels of GSH, GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05); There was no significant difference in HO-1 gene and protein levels among rats in each group (P>0.05). Conclusion Subchronic inhalation of TDI can cause changes in the pathology and ultrastructure of rat lung tissue, leading to abnormal levels of metabolic enzymes in lung function, thereby inducing oxidative stress damage to the lungs. However, but HO-1 is involved in oxidative stress damage in the lungs induced by TDI.

The construction of healthy schools is one of the key measures to implement the Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan. The establishment and implementation of the Guidelines for Healthy Primary and Secondary School Evaluation （Guidelines） is helpful for the large-scale promotion and standardization of healthy school construction by government departments in Shanghai and other major cities in China， thereby more students benefited from the Healthy China Initiative. The Guidelines integrate the efforts of multiple departments related to school health， based on internationally recognized content and strategies for health-promoting schools. They aim to foster students’ health development by combining the basic requirements for school health with priority projects for health promotion. Healthy school evaluation indicators and standardized requirements suitable for the current socio-economic development level of Shanghai have been developed， aligning with international concepts of health-promoting schools. They also reflect a high starting point and high level of investment and development in school health in Shanghai over the past decade. The Guidelines provide recommendations on the basic requirements， organization guarantees and management， social and culture environment， health promotion education， health services， and connection between school and communities， and families， of healthy school evaluation for primary and secondary schools. This paper aims to interpret the compilation process and main content of the Guidelines.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of dandelion extract on intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)rats and its effect on nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)signaling pathway.Methods Stereotaxic intracranial injection of type Ⅳ col-lagenase was used to establish rat ICH model.Then 48 ICH rats were randomly divided into mod-el group,dandelion extract group,Nrf2 inhibitor(ML385)group and dandelion extract+ML385 group,with 12 rats in each group.Another 12 rats served as sham operation group.After treat-ment,neurological deficits was evaluated and scored for all groups of rats.Blood-brain barrier(BBB)function,neuronal apoptotic rate in the hippocampus,serum levels of COX-2,IL-6 and iNOS,cerebral contents of CAT,GSH-Px,ROS and MAD,and protein levels of Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway were detected.Results Compared with sham operation group,the neurological deficit score,Evans blue exudation,appptotic rate of hippocampal neurons,serum COX-2,IL-6,iNOS levels,brain tissue reactive oxygen species(ROS)and malondialdehyde level in the model group were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the expression levels of CAT,GSH-Px,Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with dandelion extract group,combination of dandelion extract and ML385 significantly increased the neurological deficit score(2.54±0.23 vs 1.43±0.19),Evans blue exudation[(22.15±3.61)ng/mg vs(6.54±1.24)ng/mg],apoptotic rate[(31.97±5.26)％vs(3.51±0.94)％],serum COX-2[(5.82±1.16)ng/ml vs(1.34±0.42)ng/ml],IL-6[(1.47±0.31)ng/ml vs(0.43±0.14)ng/ml]and iNOS levels[(59.91±10.36)U/ml vs(13.94±3.78)U/ml],brain tissue ROS[(4.70±0.45)U/kg vs(1.70± 0.51)U/kg]and MDA levels[(3.72±0.52)nmol/mg vs(1.17±0.34)nmol/mg],and decreased expression levels of CAT[(2.54±0.59)U/mg vs(5.68±1.04)U/mg],GSH-Px[(8.01±0.86)U/mg vs(16.97±3.03)U/mg],Nrf2(0.67±0.13 vs 1.07±0.19)and HO-1(0.55±0.07 vs 0.86± 0.10,P＜0.05).Conclusion Dandelion extract can enhance the antioxidant activity in ICH rats by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway,prevent the progression of inflammation and oxida-tive stress,inhibit neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus,repair blood-brain barrier function,and thus improve nerve function.

Objective:To explore the correlation between periodontitis (PD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults, as well as the potential mechanisms involved.Methods:Data on PD and CKD from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database between 1999 and 2014 were downloaded. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the risk factors associated with PD and CKD, considering demographic and clinical indicators. Using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets for CKD and PD as outcome variables, as well as 731 immune cell phenotypes and 91 inflammatory proteins as exposure factors from the OPEN GWAS database, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis was performed using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method.Results:Seven demographic indicators including gender, age, race, education level, marital status, income, and health are related to the incidence of CKD and PD. Among them, the elderly (≥60 years old), poverty (poverty-income ratio <1.3), divorce or widowhood, and male ratio in the comorbidity group of CKD and PD [67.12% (833/1 241), 36.83% (457/1 241), 34.41% (427/1 241), and 57.78% (717/1 241) respectively] were significantly higher than those in the control group [23.71% (4 179/17 623), 29.17% (5 141/17 623), 18.16% (3 200/17 623), and 48.73% (8 587/17 623) respectively] (all P<0.001). Those with high educational level (university and above) and self-rated excellent health accounted for a relatively small proportion in the comorbidity group [14.10% (175/1 241) and 8.22% (102/1 241) respectively]. The prevalence of PD increased among individuals with abnormal renal function indices, including glomerular filtration rate, urine protein/creatinine ratio, serum creatinine, serum uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed a positive correlation between the incidence of PD and CKD ( OR=2.14, 95 %CI: 1.90-2.42, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis also indicated that PD and CKD were potential risk factors for each other (PD for CKD: OR=1.22, 95 %CI: 1.07-1.40, P=0.004; CKD for PD: OR=1.19, 95 %CI: 1.04-1.37, P=0.012). Furthermore, after adjusting the model based on demographic indicators, there was still a significant correlation between PD and CKD ( P=0.010). Mechanistically, the results of the TSMR analysis support the existence of a common risk factor mediated by immune cells between CKD and PD, namely the expression of CD64 on multiple innate immune cells mediates the occurrence of CKD and PD. The absolute count of CD64 + monocytes is associated with an increased risk for both CKD ( HR=1.11) and PD ( HR=1.07), while same tendency showed in the absolute count of CD64 + neutrophils for CKD ( HR=1.22) and PD ( HR=1.23). Conclusions:There is a positive correlation between CKD and PD, particularly moderate to severe PD, and the shared pathogenesis involves CD64 + monocytes in the circulatory system. Targeted interventions focusing on CD64 molecules or monocyte subsets may be beneficial.

Objective:To establish the QAMS method for content determination of eight chemical compositions (chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenin acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, rutin, morroniside and luteolin-7-O-glucoside) from Lonicera alberti Regel. leaves; To verify the feasibility and applicability of this method in quality control for Lonicera alberti Regel. leaves. Methods:The HPLC analysis was performed on a Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid solution in gradient elution manner at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃ and the detection wavelength was set at 258 nm. The injection volume was 10 μl.Results:Chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenin acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, rutin, morroniside and luteolin-7-O-glucoside had a good linear relationship in the corresponding concentration range ( r≥0.999 6). The average sample recovery rates were 103.16%, 103.98%, 99.49%, 103.78%, 102.74%, 101.12%, 104.62%, and 100.94%, respectively. The RSD values were 1.30%, 1.63%, 2.92%, 2.10%, 1.27%, 2.40%, 1.15%, and 2.76%, respectively. Chlorogenic acid was set as internal reference substance, the relative correction factors of isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenin acid, morroniside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, rutin were 0.785 5, 0.693 9, 1.001 5, 1.087 2, 1.233 9, 0.369 1, 0.507 5, respectively. The content determination results of QAMS method and external standard method showed that there was no statistical significance in the comparison of the other six components except for morroniside. Conclusions:The established HPLC method can be used for the quality control of Lonicera alberti Regel. leaves. QAMS can be used to determine the contents of neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, rutin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside in Lonicera alberti Regel. leaves.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and clinicopathology of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog Bl(BRAF)V600E mutations in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)in Air Force flight personnel.Methods Data of cases and test results of BRAF V600E mutation were collected from Air Force aviators pathologically diagnosed with PTC.A univariate analysis of the relationship between BRAF V600E mutations and clinicopathologic features was performed.Results The overall rate of BRAF V600E mutations among 55 PTC flight crew members was 70.91％.The univariate analysis showed that the number of lymph node metastases in the BRAF V600E mutated group was larger than in the BRAF V600E unmutated group,and the proportion of BRAF V600E mutations in flight crews at intermediate risk of recurrence was higher than that in those at low risk of recurrence(P＜0.05).The presence or absence of BRAF V600E mutations did not affect the results of medical evaluation of PTC in flight personnel.Conclusion The rate of PTC BRAF V600E mutations in Air Force flight crews is similar to that of the general Chinese population.BRAF V600E mutations are associated with an increased number of lymph node metastases and risk of recurrence,and follow-up is recommended for flight personnel with PTC,especially those with BRAF V600E mutations.

Objective:To comprehensively search, evaluate and summarize the relevant evidence of early ambulation in patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA), so as to provide evidence-based basis for the nursing practice of early ambulation in patients with TKA.Methods:Clinical decisions, best practice manuals, guidelines, systematic reviews, expert consensus and evidence summaries for early postoperative ambulation of TKA patients were searched by computer on PubMed, Web of Science, BMJ Best Practice, Cochrane Library, UpToDate, OVID, CINAHL, Embase, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, Guidelines International Network, National Guideline Clearinghouse, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Canadian Medical Association Clinical Practice Guideline, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the databases to March 31, 2023. Four nursing graduate students trained in evidence-based nursing systems independently evaluated the quality of the included literature and divided the evidence levels according to the JBI Evidence Pre Grading System (2014 edition) .Results:A total of 15 articles were included, including four clinical decision papers, three guidelines, six expert consensus papers, one evidence summary and one systematic review. According to the judgment of professionals, 23 pieces of best evidence were formed from seven aspects, including the director of ambulation, evaluation before ambulation, ambulation planning, ambulation timing, ambulation content, ambulation evaluation and health education.Conclusions:The best evidence of early postoperative ambulation of patients with TKA summarized in this study is scientific and practical, which can provide evidence-based basis for clinical nursing work.