Asparaginase plays a crucial role in the combined chemotherapy treatment for childhood haematological tumours.However，asparaginase-associated pancreatitis（AAP）is a major challenge for the continuation of asparaginase therapy，which seriously affects the chemotherapy process and results in a lower disease-free survival rate in children with haematological tumours.Currently，the pathogenesis of AAP is still unclear，and its treatment in the acute phase mainly includes nutritional support，fluid resuscitation，and drug therapy.There are no domestic and international guidelines for the prevention of AAP，and the reported preventive methods mainly include low-fat diets，octreotide，vitamin A，as well as galactose and pyruvate.Since prevention of AAP and effective treatment of AAP are important to ensure the safety and sequential application，this article reviews the treatment and prevention methods of AAP.