Objective: To analyze the implementation status and challenges of sex education in special education schools, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective promotion strategies. Methods: From November 2023 to January 2024, a census survey was conducted among 120 in service teachers from 7 special education schools in Luzhou. The questionnaire covered the current status of sex education in schools, teachers attitudes and knowledge toward sex education, and their coping methods for students inappropriate sexual behaviors. Results: About 77.5% of teachers reported having provided sex education to students, but 93.2% indicated a lack of specialized sex education textbooks for special children, 90.4% reported no full time teachers for sex education, and the methods of sex education were relatively limited (50.0% mainly based on lecture method). Nearly 95.8% of teachers held a positive attitude toward sex education, with 98.3% supporting its implementation. Only 26.7% of teachers demonstrated a good grasp of sex education knowledge, with the best understood topic being "recognition and protection of private parts" (21.6%). When dealing with students inappropriate sexual behaviors, the active response rate of teachers was 23.9%, with the highest active response rate observed for "intentionally hugging or kissing the opposite sex" (39.7%). Conclusions The special education schools in Luzhou lack comprehensive sex education curricula, teaching materials and full time teachers, sufficient knowledge among teachers, and adequate proactive responses to students inappropriate sexual behaviors. Greater emphasis should be placed on sex education for special children, including the training of dedicated teachers, to provide comprehensive and high quality sex education services for special children.

Objective To quantify the basic information of publications on postanesthesia care unit(PACU)and identify the most influential research,trends,and hotspots in the field of PACU.Methods The Web of Science Core Collection database was searched for research papers on PACU from 2003 to 2023.Basic metrology information,such as publication year,country,author,source title,academic organizations,subjects,and hot spots,were collected and analyzed.Results A total of 1541 articles on PACU from 2003 to 2023 were involved in the results analysis.The highest number of articles(n=814)were published in the United States,following by China(n=146)and Canada(n=97).Dexter Franklin,the most productive author,published 30 papers on PACU research.Harvard University was the most influential academic institution,publishing 52 papers with a total of 1338 citations,averaging 25.73 citations per article,and an H-index of 20.The journal Anesthesia and Analgesia has the largest papers with 232 publications.The hotspots in the field of PACU include"postoperative pain","general anesthesia","recovery","risk factors"and"postoperative nausea".Results showed that"enhanced postoperative recovery"and"pain management"are the burst keywords in the past two decades.Conclusion Based on the bibliometric research method,this study provides a comprehensive analysis and summary of the development of the PACU research field.In the future,"enhanced postoperative recovery"and"pain management"may be hot research trends in this field.

By reviewing ancient materia medica， prescription and medical books， combined with modern literature， the paper made textual research on the name， origin， producing area， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing methods of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix， so as to provide a basis for the selection and use of these two herbs in the development of famous classical formulas. Through textual research， it can be found that Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix were mixed together in the early history of China， but the distinction was first made during the Southern and Northern dynasties， and since then there have been constant controversies， and it is not until contemporary times that they are distinguished clearly. In the past dynasties， Duhuo and Qianghuo were used as the rectification of names， some aliases and trade names were also seen. Angelica biserrata is the mainstream origin of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix in the past dynasties， and there are many plants belonging to Angelica， Heracleum and Aralia， which are also used as this medicine. However， the origin of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix used in the past dynasties is mostly Notopterygium incisum or N. franchetii， which is relatively uniform. The producing areas of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix are mostly concentrated in the western and northwestern regions of China， among which Angelicae Pubescentis Radix is mainly produced in Hubei， Chongqing， Sichuan， Shaanxi and other places， and the border area between Hubei and Chongqing is the geo-authentic area. Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix is mainly produced in Sichuan， Gansu， Qinghai， Shaanxi and others with the western and northern Sichuan and southern Gansu as the geo-authentic areas. Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix in the past dynasties were harvested in spring and autumn， especially in February and August of the lunar calendar. Angelicae Pubescentis Radix with strong main roots， few branches， firm texture and strong aroma is superior， and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix with strong rhizomes， tightly raised knots， purple-brown skin， tight cross-section， strong aroma and silkworm-like shape is superior. The processing methods of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix are mostly cut after cutting the reeds， and the raw product is used as medicine. Based on the above research results， it is recommended that the roots of A. biserrata should be used for Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and the roots of N. incisum should be used for Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix in the development of famous classical formulas， and raw products should be used in the formulas that do not specify processing requirements.

Objective To provide a reliable and stable animal model for investigating the molecular pathogenesis of radiation-induced liver disease (RILD). Methods Ninety C57BL/6J mice were divided into control, 20 Gy, 25 Gy, 30 Gy and 35 Gy radiation groups. The mice were executed at 4 weeks after radiation and the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase in the liver serum were measured. HE staining was performed on the pathological liver tissues. Masson staining was performed at 36 weeks after radiation. Results Compared with the control group, the fatality rate was higher in the 30 and 35 Gy radiation groups, and the body weight significantly decreased in the 20 and 25 Gy radiation groups. Compared with the control group, alanine aminotransferase significantly increased in mice exposed to 20 Gy, while aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase increased in mice exposed to 25 Gy. No significant changes were observed in the livers of the mice in the 20 and 25 Gy radiation groups, but pathological examination showed liver damage induced by both 20 and 25 Gy radiation. Conclusion A stable and reliable mouse model of RILD was constructed for treatment with linear accelerator. The mouse model of RILD constructed for stereotactic body radiation therapy using linear accelerator has significant research implications for the exploration of RILD.

AIM: To examine the effects of three commonly used general anesthetics on the proliferation and activation of glial cells in neonatal rats. METHODS: Neonatal rats were exposed to either isoflurane, sevoflurane or desflurane for 2 h on postnatal day 2 (P2). The animals were euthanatihed and the brain were harvested on P7 and P14, respectively. The immunohistochemical localihation of glial markers (vimentin, GFAP, Iba1) were examined. RESULTS: Activation of astrocyte in granular layer and molecular layer of dentate gyrus of hippocampus was significantly enhanced on P7 and P14 after desflurane exposure, while that in isoflurane group the change was only significantly different on P14. The activation of microglia in the granular layer of dentate gyrus but not in the pyramidal cell layer of CA1 region was significantly enhanced in the desflurane group on P7 and P14, while the isoflurane group only showed significant difference on P14. CONCLUSION: Short time exposure of different inhalation anesthetics has different effects on the activation of glial cells in different subregions of hippocampus in neonatal rats on postnatal day 2, and sevoflurane may have the least effect on it.

OBJECTIVES: To explore and analyze the epidemic features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hunan Province from January 21, 2020 to March 14, 2020, as well as to investigate the COVID-19 epidemics in each city of Hunan Province. METHODS: The epidemic data was obtained from the official website of Hunan Province's Health Commission. The data of each city of Hunan Province was analyzed separately. Spatial distribution of cumulative confirmed COVID-19 patients and the cumulative occurrence rate was drawn by ArcGIS software for each city in Hunan Province. Some regional indexes were also compared with that in the whole country. RESULTS: The first patient was diagnosed in January 21, sustained patient growth reached its plateau in around February 17. Up to March 14, the cumulative confirmed COVID-19 patients stopped at 1 018. The cumulative occurrence rate of COVID-19 patients was 0.48 per 0.1 million person. The number of cumulative severe patients was 150 and the number of cumulative dead patients was 4. The mortality rate (0.39%) and the cure rate (99.6%) in Hunan Province was significantly lower and higher respectively than the corresponding average rate in the whole country (0.90% and 96.2%, Hubei excluded). The first 3 cities in numbers of the confirmed patients were Changsha, Yueyang, and Shaoyang. While sorted by the cumulative occurrence rate, the first 3 cities in incidence were Changsha, Yueyang, and Zhuzhou. CONCLUSIONS The epidemic of COVID-19 spread out smoothly in Hunan Province. The cities in Hunan Province implement anti-disease strategies based on specific situations on their own and keep the epidemic in the range of controllable.
Betacoronavirus ; China ; epidemiology ; Cities ; epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; epidemiology ; mortality

Objective To investigate the effect of tail vein transplantation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) with different transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expressions on recovery of sciatic nerve function in peripheral nerve xenotransplantation mice.Methods The hAMSCs were isolated from amnion membranes by healthy mother donors and identified by fluorescence activated cell sorter.The up-regulated and down-regulated TGF-β lentiviral plasmids were constructed and transfected into the purified hAMSCs;hAMSCs with stable up-regulated or down-regulated TGF-β expression were constructed.The sciatic nerves of C57BL/6 mice were isolated and cut out,and sciatic nerves of SD rats were isolated and transplanted into the sciatic nerve defected C57BL/6 mice to construct peripheral nerve xeno-transplanted mice models;these mice models were divided into 4 groups (n=10)according to random number table:control group,hAMSCs treatment group,high-expressed TGF-βhAMSCs treatment group,and low-expressed TGF-β hAMSCs treatment group;one d before modeling,phosphate buffer saline (PBS) or hAMSCs re-suspension were drawn with a syringe and slowly pushed into the tail veins of mice for transplantation treatment;14 d after treatment,DigGait analysis system was used to evaluate the recovery of sciatic nerve function in each group of mice.Result Fourteen d after treatment,the sciatic nerve function index (SFI) of the high-expressed TGF-β hAMSCs treatment group (-25.820±0.286) was significantly higher than that of the low-expressed TGF-β hAMSCs treatment group (-33.413±0.920) and hAMSCs treatment group (-30.755±0.421,P＜0.05).Conclusion The tail vein transplantation of hAMSCs with TGF-β high expression can effectively improve the sciatic nerve function in peripheral nerve xenotransplantation mice,which may be a new breakthrough in the treatment of peripheral nerve defects.

To observe the changes in serum interleukin-22 (IL-22) level and its correlation with other clinical indexes in patients with essential hypertension and hypertensive renal damage, and to investigate its effects and clinical significance.
 Methods: A total of 97 essential hypertension (EH) patients and 40 healthy control were enrolled in this study. The EH patients were divided into a simple hypertension (SH) group (n=45) and a hypertensive renal damage (HRD) group (n=52) according to 24 h urinary protein (24 h-UPRO) level. Basic clinical data were collected; serum IL-22 level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the proportion of Th22 cells in peripheral blood was evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM); and serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentration was measured by immune turbidimetry. Correlation analysis was applied between serum IL-22 level and other indexes.
 Results: Serum IL-22 level and Th22 cell proportion in patients with hypertension were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls (all P<0.01). Compared with the SH group, serum IL-22 level and Th22 cell proportion were significantly elevated in the HRD group (P<0.01, P<0.05, respectively). Bivariate linear correlation analysis revealed that serum IL-22 level was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and hsCRP (r=0.367, P<0.01; r=0.402, P<0.01; r=0.329, P<0.05); there was also a positive correlation between serum IL-22 concentration and Th22 cell proportion (r=0.478, P<0.01) in the SH group. Serum IL-22 level was positively correlated with 24 h-UPRO level (r=0.318, P<0.05) in the HRD group.
 Conclusion: Serum IL-22 level and peripheral blood Th22 cells are significantly increased in the HRD group compared with the SH group. Serum IL-22 level is closely correlated with extent of hypertensive renal damage, indicating that serum IL-22 level may involve in the pathogenesis of hypertensive renal damage.
Blood Pressure ; C-Reactive Protein ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Interleukins

Objective To explore the spatial description of Keshan disease(KD)and to provide a basis for reasonable allocation of health resources and for making precision prevention and control strategies. Methods In 2013 and 2014, the KD's condition, prevention and control measures and their effects were investigated in the diseased affected counties in the provinces through combination of case search and key survey. Results A total of 16(100.0%,16/16)diseased provinces,315(96.0%,315/328)diseased counties were surveyed,and 1 562 people with KD were detected in 281 000 residents, the detection rate was 55.6/10 000. Chronic and latent KD detection rates were 8.9/10 000(250)and 46.7/10 000(1 312),respectively.There were 261(82.9%)diseased counties that had reached the control standards of KD,and 54(17.1%)did not meet the control standards,which mainly distributed in the provinces of Henan, Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Shanxi. Conclusions The detection rate of KD has been at a low level, but in Henan, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Shanxi, there are prevalent KD areas that have not yet reached the control level.This part of the areas should be treated as key prevention and control areas of KD.

Objective To explore the spatial distribution clustering and influencing factors of chronic Keshan disease in China,and to provide evidence for prevention and control of Keshan disease.Methods Using non-probability sampling methods,combined with case search and key surveys,data on national detection rate of chronic Keshan disease,on disease influencing factors in 2013-2014 were collected;a spatial database was established,and ArcGIS 9.0 software was used to perform global Moran'sI,local Moran's I,local Getis-Ord Gi and inverse distance weighted interpolation analysis for the detection rate of national chronic Keshan disease.Spatial regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of chronic Keshan disease.Results Global autocorrelation analysis showed that Moran's I =0.03,Z =2.72,P ＜ 0.01,indicating that there was aggregation in the detection rate of Keshan disease.The results of local Moran's Ii showed that there were local high-detection rate clusters in the wards of Keshan disease,and the high-high aggregation areas were mainly concentrated in the wards of Gansu,Inner Mongolia,and Shanxi;the high-low aggregation areas were mainly located in the wards of Heilongjiang,Jilin,Shandong;the low-high aggregation area were mainly located in the wards of Heilongjiang.Getis-Ord Gi autocorrelation results showed that Keshan disease hotspots were mainly located in the wards of Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang,Gansu,Shandong,Shanxi and Yunnan;the results of reverse distance weighted interpolation showed that the detection rates of the counties in Gansu and Inner Mongolia were higher than that in Heilongjiang,Jilin,Liaoning,Shanxi,Shandong,Shaanxi and Yunnan,the detection rate of wards in other provinces was at a lower level.Spatial regression analysis showed that the spatial distribution of chronic Keshan disease was negatively related to rural per capita net income and annual average temperature in the ward (Z =-2.808,-2.747,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Global chronic Keshan disease exists spatial aggregation,the local gathering area is mainly located in the wards of Gansu,Inner Mongolia.The spatial distribution of chronic Keshan disease may be affected by the level of rural per capita net income and annual average temperature in the ward.