Objective:To obtain a polyvalent single-chain variable fragment（scFv）against West Nile virus through PEGylation in order to improve its antigen-binding ability and neutralizing activity.Methods:A scFv carrying a C-terminal cysteine residue（scFvC）was constructed by introducing Cys into the C-terminal of scFv against West Nile virus. Then the multimerization of scFvC was achieved by targeting the thiol group of Cys with maleimide-activated polyethylene glycol. ELISA was used to detect the antigen-binding activity of the multivalent scFvC. Pseudovirus-based neutralization assay was used to evaluate the neutralizing activity of the multivalent scFvC in vitro. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. Results:The PEGylated scFvC multimers showed higher antigen-binding ability than the monomeric scFvC. In the pseudovirus-based neutralization assay，both monomeric scFvC and PEGylated scFvC multimers showed good neutralizing activity compared with the control group（ P<0.000 1）. Moreover，the PEGylated scFvC multimers showed a more effective ability to block the pseudovirus infection in target cells（ P<0.05），suggesting that the PEGylated scFvC multimers could enhance their function in vitro through avidity effect. Conclusion:In this study，a scFvC targeting West Nile virus is successfully constructed and its polyvalent form is generated through PEGylation，which improves the antigen-binding and neutralizing activity of the parental scFv.

Objective:To evaluate the value of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) in the diagnosis of liver metastases with rich blood supply.Methods:The clinical data and imaging data of 19 patients with liver metastases with rich blood supply admitted to the 921st Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People′s Liberation Army from September 2018 to September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, and the number, location, shape, size of the lesions and the images of CT plain scan and dynamic enhanced scan were analyzed.Results:Among the 19 patients, there were 18 multiple cases and 1 single case. A total of 108 lesions were found. There were 62 cases (57.4%) in the right lobe of liver and 87 cases (80.6%) in the peripheral part of liver. The form of circular or quasi-circular, there were 99, irregular shape or lobed 9. The focal diameter was 0.6-6.8 cm. CT plain scan showed that 99 lesions showed slightly low density, and the other 9 lesions showed equal density relative to the background liver. In the dynamic enhanced scan, 108 lesions in arterial stage showed high-density enhancement, 97 lesions showed circular enhancement, and 11 lesions showed nodular enhancement. Among them, 77 lesions had moderate to obvious intensification density. Of the 108 lesions in the portal vein stage, 31 lesions showed moderate to obvious enhancement density, 49 lesions showed slightly low clearance density, and 28 lesions showed continuous enhancement density. In the delayed stage, all 108 lesions showed slightly low density.Conclusions:The main features of liver metastases with rich blood supply are: low density on plain CT scan, annular or nodular enhancement in the arterial phase of enhanced CT scan, and the peak of enhanced density can be in the arterial phase or the portal vein phase. Combined with clinical data, CT can make a correct diagnosis.

Objective: To analyze the implementation status and challenges of sex education in special education schools, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective promotion strategies. Methods: From November 2023 to January 2024, a census survey was conducted among 120 in service teachers from 7 special education schools in Luzhou. The questionnaire covered the current status of sex education in schools, teachers attitudes and knowledge toward sex education, and their coping methods for students inappropriate sexual behaviors. Results: About 77.5% of teachers reported having provided sex education to students, but 93.2% indicated a lack of specialized sex education textbooks for special children, 90.4% reported no full time teachers for sex education, and the methods of sex education were relatively limited (50.0% mainly based on lecture method). Nearly 95.8% of teachers held a positive attitude toward sex education, with 98.3% supporting its implementation. Only 26.7% of teachers demonstrated a good grasp of sex education knowledge, with the best understood topic being "recognition and protection of private parts" (21.6%). When dealing with students inappropriate sexual behaviors, the active response rate of teachers was 23.9%, with the highest active response rate observed for "intentionally hugging or kissing the opposite sex" (39.7%). Conclusions The special education schools in Luzhou lack comprehensive sex education curricula, teaching materials and full time teachers, sufficient knowledge among teachers, and adequate proactive responses to students inappropriate sexual behaviors. Greater emphasis should be placed on sex education for special children, including the training of dedicated teachers, to provide comprehensive and high quality sex education services for special children.

Objective:To obtain a polyvalent single-chain variable fragment（scFv）against West Nile virus through PEGylation in order to improve its antigen-binding ability and neutralizing activity.Methods:A scFv carrying a C-terminal cysteine residue（scFvC）was constructed by introducing Cys into the C-terminal of scFv against West Nile virus. Then the multimerization of scFvC was achieved by targeting the thiol group of Cys with maleimide-activated polyethylene glycol. ELISA was used to detect the antigen-binding activity of the multivalent scFvC. Pseudovirus-based neutralization assay was used to evaluate the neutralizing activity of the multivalent scFvC in vitro. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. Results:The PEGylated scFvC multimers showed higher antigen-binding ability than the monomeric scFvC. In the pseudovirus-based neutralization assay，both monomeric scFvC and PEGylated scFvC multimers showed good neutralizing activity compared with the control group（ P<0.000 1）. Moreover，the PEGylated scFvC multimers showed a more effective ability to block the pseudovirus infection in target cells（ P<0.05），suggesting that the PEGylated scFvC multimers could enhance their function in vitro through avidity effect. Conclusion:In this study，a scFvC targeting West Nile virus is successfully constructed and its polyvalent form is generated through PEGylation，which improves the antigen-binding and neutralizing activity of the parental scFv.

Objective:To evaluate the value of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) in the diagnosis of liver metastases with rich blood supply.Methods:The clinical data and imaging data of 19 patients with liver metastases with rich blood supply admitted to the 921st Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People′s Liberation Army from September 2018 to September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, and the number, location, shape, size of the lesions and the images of CT plain scan and dynamic enhanced scan were analyzed.Results:Among the 19 patients, there were 18 multiple cases and 1 single case. A total of 108 lesions were found. There were 62 cases (57.4%) in the right lobe of liver and 87 cases (80.6%) in the peripheral part of liver. The form of circular or quasi-circular, there were 99, irregular shape or lobed 9. The focal diameter was 0.6-6.8 cm. CT plain scan showed that 99 lesions showed slightly low density, and the other 9 lesions showed equal density relative to the background liver. In the dynamic enhanced scan, 108 lesions in arterial stage showed high-density enhancement, 97 lesions showed circular enhancement, and 11 lesions showed nodular enhancement. Among them, 77 lesions had moderate to obvious intensification density. Of the 108 lesions in the portal vein stage, 31 lesions showed moderate to obvious enhancement density, 49 lesions showed slightly low clearance density, and 28 lesions showed continuous enhancement density. In the delayed stage, all 108 lesions showed slightly low density.Conclusions:The main features of liver metastases with rich blood supply are: low density on plain CT scan, annular or nodular enhancement in the arterial phase of enhanced CT scan, and the peak of enhanced density can be in the arterial phase or the portal vein phase. Combined with clinical data, CT can make a correct diagnosis.

Objective To quantify the basic information of publications on postanesthesia care unit(PACU)and identify the most influential research,trends,and hotspots in the field of PACU.Methods The Web of Science Core Collection database was searched for research papers on PACU from 2003 to 2023.Basic metrology information,such as publication year,country,author,source title,academic organizations,subjects,and hot spots,were collected and analyzed.Results A total of 1541 articles on PACU from 2003 to 2023 were involved in the results analysis.The highest number of articles(n=814)were published in the United States,following by China(n=146)and Canada(n=97).Dexter Franklin,the most productive author,published 30 papers on PACU research.Harvard University was the most influential academic institution,publishing 52 papers with a total of 1338 citations,averaging 25.73 citations per article,and an H-index of 20.The journal Anesthesia and Analgesia has the largest papers with 232 publications.The hotspots in the field of PACU include"postoperative pain","general anesthesia","recovery","risk factors"and"postoperative nausea".Results showed that"enhanced postoperative recovery"and"pain management"are the burst keywords in the past two decades.Conclusion Based on the bibliometric research method,this study provides a comprehensive analysis and summary of the development of the PACU research field.In the future,"enhanced postoperative recovery"and"pain management"may be hot research trends in this field.

By reviewing ancient materia medica， prescription and medical books， combined with modern literature， the paper made textual research on the name， origin， producing area， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing methods of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix， so as to provide a basis for the selection and use of these two herbs in the development of famous classical formulas. Through textual research， it can be found that Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix were mixed together in the early history of China， but the distinction was first made during the Southern and Northern dynasties， and since then there have been constant controversies， and it is not until contemporary times that they are distinguished clearly. In the past dynasties， Duhuo and Qianghuo were used as the rectification of names， some aliases and trade names were also seen. Angelica biserrata is the mainstream origin of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix in the past dynasties， and there are many plants belonging to Angelica， Heracleum and Aralia， which are also used as this medicine. However， the origin of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix used in the past dynasties is mostly Notopterygium incisum or N. franchetii， which is relatively uniform. The producing areas of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix are mostly concentrated in the western and northwestern regions of China， among which Angelicae Pubescentis Radix is mainly produced in Hubei， Chongqing， Sichuan， Shaanxi and other places， and the border area between Hubei and Chongqing is the geo-authentic area. Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix is mainly produced in Sichuan， Gansu， Qinghai， Shaanxi and others with the western and northern Sichuan and southern Gansu as the geo-authentic areas. Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix in the past dynasties were harvested in spring and autumn， especially in February and August of the lunar calendar. Angelicae Pubescentis Radix with strong main roots， few branches， firm texture and strong aroma is superior， and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix with strong rhizomes， tightly raised knots， purple-brown skin， tight cross-section， strong aroma and silkworm-like shape is superior. The processing methods of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix are mostly cut after cutting the reeds， and the raw product is used as medicine. Based on the above research results， it is recommended that the roots of A. biserrata should be used for Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and the roots of N. incisum should be used for Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix in the development of famous classical formulas， and raw products should be used in the formulas that do not specify processing requirements.

Objective To provide a reliable and stable animal model for investigating the molecular pathogenesis of radiation-induced liver disease (RILD). Methods Ninety C57BL/6J mice were divided into control, 20 Gy, 25 Gy, 30 Gy and 35 Gy radiation groups. The mice were executed at 4 weeks after radiation and the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase in the liver serum were measured. HE staining was performed on the pathological liver tissues. Masson staining was performed at 36 weeks after radiation. Results Compared with the control group, the fatality rate was higher in the 30 and 35 Gy radiation groups, and the body weight significantly decreased in the 20 and 25 Gy radiation groups. Compared with the control group, alanine aminotransferase significantly increased in mice exposed to 20 Gy, while aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase increased in mice exposed to 25 Gy. No significant changes were observed in the livers of the mice in the 20 and 25 Gy radiation groups, but pathological examination showed liver damage induced by both 20 and 25 Gy radiation. Conclusion A stable and reliable mouse model of RILD was constructed for treatment with linear accelerator. The mouse model of RILD constructed for stereotactic body radiation therapy using linear accelerator has significant research implications for the exploration of RILD.

AIM: To examine the effects of three commonly used general anesthetics on the proliferation and activation of glial cells in neonatal rats. METHODS: Neonatal rats were exposed to either isoflurane, sevoflurane or desflurane for 2 h on postnatal day 2 (P2). The animals were euthanatihed and the brain were harvested on P7 and P14, respectively. The immunohistochemical localihation of glial markers (vimentin, GFAP, Iba1) were examined. RESULTS: Activation of astrocyte in granular layer and molecular layer of dentate gyrus of hippocampus was significantly enhanced on P7 and P14 after desflurane exposure, while that in isoflurane group the change was only significantly different on P14. The activation of microglia in the granular layer of dentate gyrus but not in the pyramidal cell layer of CA1 region was significantly enhanced in the desflurane group on P7 and P14, while the isoflurane group only showed significant difference on P14. CONCLUSION: Short time exposure of different inhalation anesthetics has different effects on the activation of glial cells in different subregions of hippocampus in neonatal rats on postnatal day 2, and sevoflurane may have the least effect on it.

OBJECTIVES: To explore and analyze the epidemic features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hunan Province from January 21, 2020 to March 14, 2020, as well as to investigate the COVID-19 epidemics in each city of Hunan Province. METHODS: The epidemic data was obtained from the official website of Hunan Province's Health Commission. The data of each city of Hunan Province was analyzed separately. Spatial distribution of cumulative confirmed COVID-19 patients and the cumulative occurrence rate was drawn by ArcGIS software for each city in Hunan Province. Some regional indexes were also compared with that in the whole country. RESULTS: The first patient was diagnosed in January 21, sustained patient growth reached its plateau in around February 17. Up to March 14, the cumulative confirmed COVID-19 patients stopped at 1 018. The cumulative occurrence rate of COVID-19 patients was 0.48 per 0.1 million person. The number of cumulative severe patients was 150 and the number of cumulative dead patients was 4. The mortality rate (0.39%) and the cure rate (99.6%) in Hunan Province was significantly lower and higher respectively than the corresponding average rate in the whole country (0.90% and 96.2%, Hubei excluded). The first 3 cities in numbers of the confirmed patients were Changsha, Yueyang, and Shaoyang. While sorted by the cumulative occurrence rate, the first 3 cities in incidence were Changsha, Yueyang, and Zhuzhou. CONCLUSIONS The epidemic of COVID-19 spread out smoothly in Hunan Province. The cities in Hunan Province implement anti-disease strategies based on specific situations on their own and keep the epidemic in the range of controllable.
Betacoronavirus ; China ; epidemiology ; Cities ; epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; epidemiology ; mortality