Objective:To explore the relationship between memory bias, mental imagery, attention bias and depression in college students.Methods:From May to July 2024, a questionnaire was randomly distributed among 72 undergraduate students.The Beck depression inventory and Beck anxiety inventory were used to evaluate the depression and anxiety levels of all participants.The eye tracker was used to record the eye movement data of participants when observing emotional facial images.After the eye movement experiment, the scenario-based event completion task and prospective imagery task were used to collect the memory bias and mental imagery scores of all participants.SPSS 23.0 software was used for Spearman correlation analysis, and PROCESS 3.5 macro program was used for mediating effect test.Results:The scores of college students' negative memory bias, negative mental imagery, negative attention bias and depression were 0.40±0.15, 25.86±9.39, 0.41±0.14, 11.00(5.00, 20.00), respectively.Negative memory bias in college students was significantly and positively correlated with negative mental imagery, negative attention bias and depression ( r=0.832, 0.627, 0.834, all P<0.01).Negative mental imagery in college students was significantly and positively correlated with negative attention bias and depression ( r=0.692, 0.969, both P<0.01).Negative attention bias in college students was significantly and positively correlated with depression ( r=0.693, P<0.01).Negative mental imagery and negative attention bias had significant single chain mediating effect between negative memory bias and depression in college students, accounting for 16.61%(0.146/0.879), 15.70%(0.138/0.879)and 4.89%(0.043/0.879)of the total effect, respectively. Conclusion:There is a significant positive correlation between negative memory bias, negative mental imagery, negative attention bias and depression.Negative mental imagery and negative attention bias not only partially mediate the relationship between negative memory bias and depression in college students, but also have a chain mediating effect.

Objective:To explore the relationship between memory bias, mental imagery, attention bias and depression in college students.Methods:From May to July 2024, a questionnaire was randomly distributed among 72 undergraduate students.The Beck depression inventory and Beck anxiety inventory were used to evaluate the depression and anxiety levels of all participants.The eye tracker was used to record the eye movement data of participants when observing emotional facial images.After the eye movement experiment, the scenario-based event completion task and prospective imagery task were used to collect the memory bias and mental imagery scores of all participants.SPSS 23.0 software was used for Spearman correlation analysis, and PROCESS 3.5 macro program was used for mediating effect test.Results:The scores of college students' negative memory bias, negative mental imagery, negative attention bias and depression were 0.40±0.15, 25.86±9.39, 0.41±0.14, 11.00(5.00, 20.00), respectively.Negative memory bias in college students was significantly and positively correlated with negative mental imagery, negative attention bias and depression ( r=0.832, 0.627, 0.834, all P<0.01).Negative mental imagery in college students was significantly and positively correlated with negative attention bias and depression ( r=0.692, 0.969, both P<0.01).Negative attention bias in college students was significantly and positively correlated with depression ( r=0.693, P<0.01).Negative mental imagery and negative attention bias had significant single chain mediating effect between negative memory bias and depression in college students, accounting for 16.61%(0.146/0.879), 15.70%(0.138/0.879)and 4.89%(0.043/0.879)of the total effect, respectively. Conclusion:There is a significant positive correlation between negative memory bias, negative mental imagery, negative attention bias and depression.Negative mental imagery and negative attention bias not only partially mediate the relationship between negative memory bias and depression in college students, but also have a chain mediating effect.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qingxuan Zhike granules in improving cough symptoms and shortening the course of influenza (wind-heat invading lung) in children.Methods:In this multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial, a total of 240 outpatient influenza patients from 7 hospitals, including the First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, from April 2023 to December 2023 were collected.The subjects were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group via SAS software using the block randomization method.The differences between two groups were compared with t test, corrected t test and χ2 test.Subjects in the control group were given Oseltamivir phosphate granules, orally, twice a day (weight ≤15 kg, 30 mg/time; weight >15-23 kg, 45 mg/time; weight >23-40 kg, 60 mg/time; weight >40 kg, 75 mg/time; age≥13 years, 75 mg/time).In addition to Oseltamivir phosphate granules, subjects in the experimental group were also given Qingxuan Zhike granules, orally, 3 times a day (1-3 years old, 1/2 bag each time; >3-6 years old, 3/4 bag each time; >6-14 years old, 1 bag each time).After 5 days of treatment, the medication was suspended for 2 days.The effect of cough, antipyretic effect, clinical recovery rate, clinical recovery time, Canadian Acute Respiratory Illness and Flu Scale (CARIFS) score, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome effect, complication rate, and adverse reactions were evaluated between the two groups. Results:Finally, 232 cases were included in the study, including 115 cases in the experimental group and 117 cases in the control group.Before and after treatment, there were no significant difference in CARIFS cough score between the experimental group and the control group (all P>0.05).After treatment, the change in CARIFS cough score in the experimental group [(-1.00±0.91) scores]was significantly higher than that in the control group [(-0.75±0.98) scores] ( t=-1.995, P=0.047).After treatment, the change in TCM syndrome cough score in the experimental group [(-1.69±1.51) scores] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(-0.97±1.63) scores] ( t′=-0.035, P=0.001).The time of complete regression of fever in the experimental group [(44.82±22.72) h] was shorter than that in the control group [(51.35±27.07) h], and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=-1.966, P=0.050).The fever score showed that the area under the curve between the CARIFS symptom fever score and time in the experimental group was 4.40±2.42, while that in the control group was 5.12±2.44, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=-2.252, P=0.025).The clinical recovery rate was 93.91%(108/115) in the experimental group and 92.31%(108/117) in the control group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.233, P>0.05).The clinical recovery time in the experimental group [(2.93±1.21) d] was shorter than that in the control group [(3.29±1.15) d], and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=-2.279, P=0.024).After treatment, there was a significant difference in TCM syndrome score variation between the experimental group [(-12.00±4.13) scores] and the control group [(-10.85±4.31) scores] ( t′=-2.067, P=0.040).No complication occurred in both groups, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups ( χ2=1.299, P>0.05). Conclusions:Qingxuan Zhike granules combined with Oseltamivir phosphate can effectively improve the cough symptoms associated with influenza in children, shorten the time and course of fever, and improve the TCM syndrome score; thus, they are safe in clinical application.

Objective: To investigate the differences in enolase and laminin levels in vaginal epithelial tissues between mice successfully infected withGardnerellaand mice not infected with Gardnerella, providing information for further exploration of the correlation between enolase and laminin levels and the incidence of bacterial vaginosis. Methods: Gardnerella strains isolated, purified, and identified from vaginal secretions of patients with bacterial vaginosis were used to infect the vagina of mice and establish a mouse model of bacterial vaginosis. Successful and failed mice was defined as successful and failed groups, respectively. Differential expression of enolase and laminin in the vaginal epithelial tissue of two groups of mice was detected by Western blot. Modeling success rate was statistically analyzed, and the expression differences of enolase and laminin was compared between two groups. Results: One strain of Gardnerella vaginalis infected 10 SPF grade KM mice, 7 mice met the diagnostic criteria for bacterial vaginosis, and 3 mice failed to model, with a success rate of 70%. Western blot was used to detect protein expression levels, and the levels of laminin and enolase in the successfully modeled mouse vaginal epithelial tissue were significantly higher than those in the failed modeling group, with statistical differences between the two groups(P<0.05). Conclusion Enolase and laminin may be involved in the occurrence of bacterial vaginosis, however, further research is needed to determine the mechanisms through which they trigger the occurrence and development of the disease.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristic, gene mutations and genotype-phenotype correlation of 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) in Hunan.Methods:A total of 48 patients with 21-OHD who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from March 2016 to March 2017 were collected.According to the clinical manifestations and biochemical characteristics of the patients, they were divided into salt wasting (SW) and simple virilizing (SV). Sanger sequencing combined with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification(MLPA) were used to detect the mutations of CYP21A2 gene.The patients were divided into 3 groups according to their mutations severity: severe mutation group, moderate mutation group and unknown mutation group.Then, the correlation between genotype and phenotype was analyzed. Results:(1) Forty-eight 21-OHD patients included 28 SW cases and 20 SV cases, and the first visiting age of SW was younger than that of SV, and the difference was statistically significant ( U=44.5, P<0.05). The SW cases had high incidence rate of adrenal crisis and the SV patients were liable to advanced bone age and precocious puberty.(2) Forty-four patients were detected abnormal gene mutation and the positive rate of genetic diagnosis was 91.7%.Fourteen mutation types including I2G, Del, I173N, R357W, R484fs(c.1451_1452delGGinsC, c.1450dupC), R483fs, G111Vfs*21, Q319X, c.292+ 1G>A, c.377C>G, E6Cluster, p.H393Q and m. 1647C>T, were found in 88 alleles.The most frequent mutations were I2G(36.4%), I173N(20.4%), and Del(22.7%). p.H393Q and m. 1647C>T were 2 novel mutations.I2G (47.3%) and Del (27.3%) were the most frequent mutations in SW cases, and I173N (48.5%) was the most frequent mutation in SV cases.(3) Severe mutation was in 29 patients, including 26 SW, and moderate mutation was in 13 patients, including 12 SW.The percentage of SW in severe mutation group was 89.7% and SV in moderate mutation was 92.3%. Conclusions:I2G, I173N and Del were the frequent mutations of 21-OHD in Hunan, and the total percen-tage was 79.5%.Genotype of 21-OHD has strong correlation with clinical phenotype, which can effectively predict SW by severe mutation and predict SV by moderate mutation.

Objective To study the disease process of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) infection in rat model of VVC, and to study the immuno-repairing effect of different treatments on vaginal epithelium and the ultra-structural changes of vaginal epithelial cells. Methods The VVC model of female rats were established. After successful modeling, the rats were treated with no treatment (model control group), nystatin and Kangfu Xiaoyan suppository. The vaginal epithelium was observed by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining. The ultra-structural changes of epithelial cells and the expression of cytokines interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL) 4, IL-17 and IgG in epithelial cells were observed and analyzed statistically. Results The negative conversion rate of model control group was 0, and that of nystatin group was 6/6, and that of Kangfu Xiaoyan suppository group was 5/6; significant difference existed between nystatin, Kangfu Xiaoyan suppository group and model control group (P<0.05). The ultrastructures of vaginal epithelial cells were damaged obviously after VVC infection, and the ultrastructures were repaired by nystatin and Kangfu Xiaoyan suppository under transmission electron microscope. Immunohistochemical staining showed, the expressions of IFN-γ and IgG in the four cytokines which played a protective role increased after Kangfu Xiaoyan suppository treatment, significantly different from that of model control group (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences of the IFN-γ and IgG expression between Kangfu Xiaoyan suppository group and those of nystatin group (P>0.05); the expression of IL-17 was increased after nystatin treatment, but decreased after Kangfu Xiaoyan suppository treatment, and the difference between the two groups had statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusions The ultrastructure of vaginal epithelial cells after VVC infection could be damaged obviously, the local immune state is disordered, and the antifungal drug nystatin has a good therapeutic effect on VVC, it could significantly repair the damaged vaginal epithelium structure after VVC infection and strengthen the protective immune function of vaginal epithelium. Kangfu Xiaoyan suppository, one of Chinese medicine, has similar therapeutic effect with nystatin.

Objective · To observe the effects of custom made fiber posts on the fracture resistance of young permanent teeth treated with calcium hydroxide for different time. Methods · Forty-five extracted human young permanent teeth (premolar) were selected and randomly assigned to 9 groups.One group was the control group and the rest 8 groups were treated with conventional root canal preparation. Of these 8 groups, 4 groups (F Ⅰ , F Ⅲ , F Ⅵ ,FⅨ ) were restored by custom made fiber posts after being treated with calcium hydroxide for 1, 3, 6, and 9 months respectively, and other 4 groups (C Ⅰ ,CⅢ , C Ⅵ , C Ⅸ ) were not restored by custom made fiber posts. All samples underwent fracture strength tests and their fracture modes were analyzed for the possibility of second repair. Results · The fracture load was decreased with the treatment time after being treated with calcium hydroxide for 1 month (P<0.01). The fracture loads in groups restored by custom made fiber posts were increased after being treated with calcium hydroxide for 6 and 9 months (P<0.05, P<0.01). After being treated with calcium hydroxide for 1 month, groups restored by custom made fiber posts were likely to have fracture modes that facilitate the second repair as compared with groups not restored by custom made fiber posts (P<0.05). Conclusion · The restoration by custom made fiber posts can increase the fracture resistance of young permanent teeth treated with calcium hydroxide for medium and long term ( ≥ 1 month).

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of perfluorocarbon emulsions (FCE) on donor lung of rats during storage.Methods Twenty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 350-400 g,were equally and randomly divided into 2 groups using a random number table:University of Wisconsin (UW) solution group (UW group) and FCE group (FCE group).After the model of lung perfusion was established according to the method described by Fischer et al,the lung and heart were removed and perfused with 4 ℃ UW or FCE preservation solutions.The lung was taken out when stored for 6 h for determination of SOD activity (by WST assay),malondialdehyde (MDA) content (by TBA assay),and activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and content of interleukin1 β (IL-1β),IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-apha (TNF-α) (using ELISA) in lung tissues and for microscopic examination of pathologic changes.Results MPO activity was significantly lower in UW group than in FCE group (P ＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the SOD activity and content of MDA,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion FCE can reduce the neutrophil infiltration in lung tissues,indicating that FCE is more superior to UW solution in reduction of injury to the donor lung of rats.

OBJECTIVETo determine the optimal dose of colloid preload, which is both safe and effective, for preventing hypotension in parturients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.

METHODSForty-five healthy, termed parturients scheduled for cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia were randomly assigned to 3 colloid preload groups to receive gelofusine infusion at the rates of 5, 10, or 15 ml·kg(-1)·h(-1) (groups I, II, and III, respectively). Colloid preload was administered 10 min before spinal anesthesia and maintained until the delivery. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) of the parturients were monitored during the operation, and Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min after birth were recorded. S100β protein concentration and blood gas values of the umbilical artery were also measured. The vascular adaptation in the placental villous capillary was evaluated stereologically.

RESULTSAt each time point of measurement, BP and HR showed no significant differences among the 3 groups during the operation (P>0.05), but within the same group, BP and HR underwent significant variations during the operation; groups II and III maintained more stable hemodynamics compared to group I. Apgar scores and blood gas analysis, pH value, and S100β protein in the umbilical artery showed no significant differences among the 3 groups (P>0.05). The 3 groups exhibited no significant differences in the length and volume density of the placental villous capillaries (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONColloid preload with gelofusine administered at the rate of 10 ml·kg(-1)·h(-1) can reduce the incidence and severity of hypotension in cesarean section under spinal anesthesia with the least adverse maternal and fetal effects.

Adult ; Anesthesia, Obstetrical ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Cesarean Section ; methods ; Colloids ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hypotension ; prevention & control ; Nerve Growth Factors ; blood ; Placenta ; blood supply ; Polygeline ; administration & dosage ; Pregnancy ; S100 Proteins ; blood