Objective To explore the effect of ephedrine on airway remodeling and its regulation effect on transfor-ming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)/Smads pathway in asthmatic mice.Methods All mice were randomly separated into control group,model group,dexamethasone group,ephedrine low-dose group,ephedrine high-dose group,and ephedrine high-dose+TGF-β1 activator group,with 12 mice in each group.Except for the control group,mice in other groups were intraperitoneally injected with 40 μg ovalbumin(OVA)and 2 mg 10％aluminium hydroxide sensitizer to induce asthma models.After 8 weeks,the airway hyperresponsiveness of mice in each group was detec-ted;eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were counted;ELISA was applied to detect the levels of interleukin(IL)-4,IL-5,and IL-13 in BALF;hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and Masson staining were applied to observe the pathological changes and collagen fiber area of mouse lung tissue;immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the expression of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)protein in mouse lung tissue;Western blot was applied to detect the expression of TGF-β1/Smads pathway related proteins in mouse lung tissue.Results Compared with the control group,the airway hyperreactivity at different doses of methacholine,total area of airway wall(Wat)/perimeter of the basement membrane(Pbm)ratio,collagen fiber area,eosinophil,the contents of IL-4,IL-5,IL-13,the expression of α-SMA,TGF-β1,the ratios of p-Smad2/Smad2 and p-Smad3/Smad3 in the model group in-creased(P＜0.05),the expression of Smad7 decreased(P＜0.05);compared with the model group,the airway hyperreactivity at different doses of methacholine,Wat/Pbm ratio,collagen fiber area,eosinophil,the contents of IL-4,IL-5,IL-13,the expression of α-SMA,TGF-β1,the ratios of p-Smad2/Smad2 and p-Smad3/Smad3 in the dexamethasone group,the ephedrine low-dose and high-dose groups decreased(P＜0.05),the expression of Smad7 increased(P＜0.05);compared with the ephedrine high-dose group,the airway hyperreactivity at different doses of methacholine,Wat/Pbm ratio,collagen fiber area,eosinophil,the contents of IL-4,IL-5,IL-13,the ex-pression of α-SMA,TGF-β1,the ratios of p-Smad2/Smad2 and p-Smad3/Smad3 in the ephedrine high-dose+TGF-β1 activator group increased(P＜0.05),the expression of Smad7 decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion E-phedrine can improve airway remodeling in asthmatic mice,and its mechanism is related to the regulation of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Zhike Pingchuan Formula on reducing airway inflammation in mice with bronchial asthma(BA).Methods A total of 84 BALB/c mice were randomly separated into the control group,the BA group,the low-dose Zhike Pingchuan Formula group,the high-dose Zhike Pingchuan Formula group,the dexamethasone group,the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)group and the high-dose Zhike Pingchuan Formula+LPS group,with 12 mice in each group.The BA model was constructed in all groups of mice except the control group.After successful modeling,mice were treated with drug administration once a day for 3 weeks.Serum immunoglobulin E(IgE)concentration and levels of interleukin-17(IL-17)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in alveolar lavage fluid were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Pathological changes in lung tissue was detected by HE staining.The bronchial epithelium goblet cell proliferation and mucus secretion were determined by PAS staining.Flow cytometry was used to detect levels of T helper cell 17(Th17)and regulatory T(Treg)cell in mouse spleen tissue.Western blot assay was used to detect toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6)/nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)pathway-related protein expression in lung tissue.Results Compared with the control group,damage of lung tissue was serious,the proliferation of bronchial epithelial goblet cells and the secretion of mucus increased,IgE concentration,TNF-α,IL-17 levels,Th17 cell proportion,Th17/Treg ratio,and TLR4,TRAF6,p-NF-κB p65 protein expression increased,while Treg cell proportion decreased in the BA group(P＜0.05).Compared with the BA group,the bronchial epithelial cupular cell proliferation and mucus secretion were reduced in the low-dose Zhike Pingchuan Formula group,the high-dose Zhike Pingchuan Formula group and the dexamethasone group,the lung tissue damage was improved,the concentration of IgE,levels of TNF-α,IL-17,the proportion of Th17 cells,the ratio of Th17/Treg and expression of protein levels of TLR4,TRAF6 and p-NF-κB p65 were reduced,and the proportion of Treg cell was elevated(P＜0.05).The trend of corresponding indexes in the LPS group was opposite to the above(P＜0.05).Compared with the high-dose Zhike Pingchuan Formula group,the pathological damage of lung tissue increased in the high-dose Zhike Pingchuan Formula+LPS group.The proliferation of bronchial epithelial goblet cells and the secretion of mucus increased,the IgE concentration,TNF-α,IL-17 levels,Th17 cell proportion,Th17/Treg ratio and TLR4,TRAF6,p-NF-κB p65 protein expression increased,while the Treg cell proportion decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Zhike Pingchuan Formula may reduce airway inflammation in BA mice by inhibiting TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway.

Objective: This ex vivo study evaluated the effect of ultrasound and Er:YAG laser irrigation activation techniques on the penetration of sodium hypochlorite solution into infected human root canal dentin, providing a reference for clinical infection control of infected root canals. Methods : Thirty-six cases of infected root canals were collected and randomly divided into three groups according to the irrigation technique: 12 cases in the conventional syringe irrigation (CSI) group, 12 cases in the passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) group, 12 cases in the Er:YAG laser and photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) group and 36 cases of clean root canals (12 cases in the CSI group, 12 cases in the PUI group, 12 cases in the PIPS group). All of the selected root canals were straight root canals of posterior teeth. After standardizing the root length, all canals were subjected to instrumentation and dynamic irrigation. 2% methylene blue solution was used to visualize the penetration of the irrigant. EXAKT cutting and grinding equipment was used to take transverse sections of 100-150 μm at the coronal, middle and apical thirds of the root canals. The data (maximum penetration depth, average penetration depth, and penetration percentage) were observed under a light microscope to evaluate the effect of dye penetration. Results : With the three irrigation techniques, the maximum penetration depth, average penetration depth and penetration percentage of the infected root canals were significantly lower than those of clean root canals in the full length of the root canal (P<0.05). The penetration percentage, average penetration depth and maximum penetration depth of the PIPS group were significantly higher than those of the CSI group in the coronal, middle and apical thirds of the infected root canal, respectively (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the maximum penetration depth, average penetration depth or penetration percentage between the PUI and CSI groups (P>0.05). There was also no significant difference in the maximum penetration depth, average penetration depth or penetration percentage between the PIPS and PUI groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The dentine permeability of infected root canals was weaker than that of clean root canals. Er:YAG laser-assisted irrigation activation technology could significantly improve the penetration of sodium hypochlorite solution into infected dentin, but passive ultrasonic irrigation did not significantly improve the penetration.

Objective To explore PM_2.5 concentration modeling and prediction based on the monthly average concentrations of PM_2.5 in Shanghai since 2015, and to provide new ideas about PM_2.5 prediction methods. Methods The seasonal factors were introduced into the Grey Model (GM). GM(1,1) model modified with seasonal factors was established and compared with seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) model. The data of 2015-2021 was used for modeling and prediction, and the data from January to October in 2022 was used as a validation set to evaluate the prediction effectiveness. The monthly average PM_2.5 concentrations in Shanghai from November to December in 2022 were predicted. Results Seasonal ARIMA model showed RMSE=4.02 and MAPE=15.50% in the validation set, while GM(1,1) model modified with seasonal factors showed RMSE=3.30 and MAPE=11.59%. GM(1,1) model modified with seasonal factors predicted the monthly average PM_2.5 concentrations in Shanghai from November to December in 2022 to be 24.99 and 34.83μg/m3, respectively. Conclusion The prediction effect of GM(1,1) model modified with seasonal factors has better predictive performance than seasonal ARIMA model. The grey prediction model modified with seasonal factors can be considered when predicting seasonal time series such as the concentration of PM_2.5.

Objective:To summarize the research status and contents of the needs of breast cancer patients undergoing first operation.Methods:The articles related to the needs of patients undergoing first surgery for breast cancer were searched by computer in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP and China Biology Medicine disc. The search period was from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022.Results:A total of 17 articles were included, and the research design mainly focused on qualitative and observational studies. Breast cancer patients with first operation had a high degree of demand, and the demand content was diverse, mainly including information needs, health guidance needs, emotional needs and social support needs. The needs of breast cancer patients with different ages and different treatment stages were different.Conclusions:It is suggested that a personalized needs intervention plan should be formulated to meet the diversified needs of breast cancer patients.

ObjectiveTo study the expression changes of Lon protein and mitochondrial dynamics-related protein in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice and provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease by invigorating the spleen and supplementing Qi. MethodEight 3-month-old SAMR1 mice were used as the normal group， and 32 3-month-old SAPM8 mice were divided into model group， western medicine group （0.013 g·kg^-1）， low-dose Si Junziwan group （3.24 g·kg^-1）， and high-dose Si Junziwan group （12.56 g·kg^-1）， with 8 mice in each group. The western medicine group was gavaged with donepezil， and the Si Junziwan low- and high-dose groups were gavaged with Si Junziwan for 30 days. The positioning navigation experiment of the water maze was started on the 25^th day， and the space exploration experiment of the water maze was started on the 30^th day. On the 30^th day， the protein expression of mitofusin 2 （MFN2） was detected by immunohistochemistry， the expression of adenosine 5'-monophosphate （AMP）-activated protein kinase （AMPK） was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， the content of ATP was detected by colorimetry， the microstructure of neuron mitochondria was detected by electron microscope， and the expressions of Aβ protein， Lon protein， dynamin-related protein 1 （DRP1） protein， and MFN1 protein were detected by Western blot. ResultAs compared with the normal group， the latency escape period increased， the number of crossings decreased， the expression of AMPK increased， and the content of ATP decreased in the model group. The expressions of Aβ protein and DRP1 protein increased （P<0.01）， whereas the expressions of Lon protein， MFN1 protein decreased in the model group （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and MFN2 protein decreased. The vacuolation of mitochondria increased and the cristae broke in the model group. As compared with model group， the time of the latent escape period decreased （P<0.01）， and the number of crossings increased in the low-dose and high-dose Si Junziwan groups （P<0.05）. The expression of AMPK （P<0.01） decreased， the content of ATP increased （P<0.01）， the expression of Aβ and DRP1 protein decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the expression of MFN1 protein was up-regulated （P<0.05） in high-dose Si Junziwan groups. The vacuolation was more obvious in the low-dose Si Junziwan group， whereas the vacuolation was restored and the ridge was clear in the high-dose Si Junziwan group. ConclusionSi Junziwan treats Alzheimer's disease by up-regulating the protein expression of Lon， correcting the disorder of mitochondrial division and fusion protein， and changing the memory function of SAMP8 mice.

Metabolic regulation has been proven to play a critical role in T cell antitumor immunity. However, cholesterol metabolism as a key component of this regulation remains largely unexplored. Herein, we found that the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which has been previously identified as a transporter for cholesterol, plays a pivotal role in regulating CD8

ObjectiveTo understand the current situation of anxiety level and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） nursing needs among residents during the COVID-19 epidemic， and to discuss the relationship between them，so as to provide references for maintaining their mental health. MethodsA total of 560 residents were recruited using convenience sampling method， and the selected individuals completed three questionnaires based on online platform， including self-designed general information questionnaire， Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale （GAD-7）， and TCM nursing needs questionnaire. Then the correlation between anxiety level and TCM nursing needs was analyzed by Spearman correlation test. ResultsA total of 552 valid questionnaires were collected. The results of GAD-7 showed that the total score was （11.04±3.72）， and average score of each item was （1.58±0.53）. There were 328 cases （59.4%） without anxiety symptoms， 180 cases （32.6%） with mild anxiety， 33 cases （6.0%） with moderate anxiety， and 11 cases （2.0%） with severe anxiety. The analysis of TCM nursing needs questionnaire showed that the total score was （21.59±7.92）， and dominated by the needs of medical knowledge （2.90±1.15） and TCM dietary care （2.82±1.13）. The item score and total score of TCM nursing needs questionnaire of residents during the COVID-19 epidemic were positively correlated with GAD-7 total score （r=0.240~0.331， P<0.01）. ConclusionResidents suffer from different levels of anxiety during the COVID-19 epidemic， and TCM nursing needs is on the rise， indicating that the anxiety level of residents is correlated with the needs of TCM nursing.

Objective To analyze the hemodynamic parameters of anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left coronary artery sinus (AORL) based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), so as to make an evaluation of the disease. Methods A normal right coronary artery (RCA) case and an AORL case were selected. Two models were reconstructed in Mimics software and imported into ANSYS CFX software for hemodynamics simulation. The hemodynamics of normal RCA model and AORL model were compared. Results AORL model had a smaller volume flow (9.35 cm3/s), which might lead to insufficient blood supply downstream of the RCA; the pressure at the acute corner of AORL model (13.78 kPa) was lower than normal RCA model (14.9 kPa); the wall shear stress (WSS) of AORL model (12.83 Pa) was larger than that of normal RCA model (9.74 Pa); the total deformation of AORL model was relatively large. Conclusions The entrance velocity and pressure of AORL were lower than those of normal RCA, which might lead to ischemic symptoms. The research findings are of theoretical significance for the effective evaluation of ischemia and other diseases in clinic.