Objective: To explore the association between the HLA antibody positivity rate in female blood donors and pregnancy history, number of pregnancies, interval from the last pregnancy to blood donation, and age, to identify associated variables using a univariate generalized additive model (GAM), and to further analyze the predictive role of characteristic variables for HLA antibody positivity using a random forest model. Methods: HLA antibody detection was performed on 391 female blood donors using the Luminex immunomagnetic bead method. The correlation between pregnancy-related factors and HLA antibodies was analyzed using the Chi-square test. Based on R software, a univariate GAM was first constructed to analyze the association types between characteristic variables and the HLA antibody positivity rate, followed by the construction of a random forest model to evaluate the predictive value of the variables. Results: Among the 391 female blood donors without a transfusion history, the overall HLA antibody positivity rate was 26.34%. The positivity rate in donors with a pregnancy history was significantly higher than that in those without (30.09% vs 9.72%, P<0.05), and HLA antibody positivity rate increased linearly with the number of pregnancies (P<0.05). In the univariate GAM, age and number of deliveries exhibited a non-linear association with the HLA antibody positivity rate (the positivity rate increased sharply between 25-35 years of age and stabilized after 3 deliveries). Besides, the interval from the last pregnancy to blood donation showed a linear association with the HLA antibody positivity rate, and the positivity rate decreased as the interval prolonged (P<0.05). In the random forest model, age (mean decrease gini=29.26) and interval from the last pregnancy to blood donation (mean decrease gini=22.02) were core predictive variables: age was more conducive to identifying positive samples, while the interval from the last pregnancy to blood donation was more helpful for excluding negative samples. The number of deliveries (mean decrease accuracy=16.98) made a significant contribution to predicting positive samples, whereas the number of abortions had no impact. The model had an AUC of 0.583 (95% CI: 0.593 8-0.770 2), indicating a certain predictive value. Conclusion: The associated variables identified by the univariate GAM model, including age, interval from the last pregnancy to blood donation, and number of deliveries, provide a basis for key variables in the random forest model. All three variables have predictive value for HLA antibody positivity, which can provide evidence-based support for personalized transfusion management and stratified screening of female blood donors in this region.

Objective:To investigate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of falls among the elderly community population in Beijing.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted using stratified multistage random sampling to select urban and rural residents aged 65 years and older in Beijing. Mortality data was collected after the baseline survey for 5 years. The incidence of falls was weighted based on the composition ratios of age and gender from the 2010 Nation-wide Population Census of Beijing. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the impacts of demographic sociology of common chronic diseases on fall occurrence. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the fall and 5-year survival association.Results:A total of 2 968 participants completed the questionnaire, at cross-sectional survey, with an average age of (73.2±6.0) years, and 1 581 (53.8%) participants were female. Three hundred and sixty-one individuals experienced a fall within the past year. Among those who fell, 64 (17.7%) fell twice, and 95 (26.6%) fell three or more times. Of them, 14.4% (52) had post-fall fractures, with the wrist, knee, and hip being the most common fracture sites, accounting for 25.0%, 17.3%, and 15.4%, respectively. The weighted fall incidence was 12.4% (95% CI: 11.2%-13.5%). Aging, being female, and living in rural areas were more likely to fall. Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, gender, and urban-rural status, the risk of falls for those living alone ( OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.08-2.04) or living with children/grandchildren ( OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.15-1.97) were significantly higher than those living with their spouse. In addition, the risk of falls was elevated significantly among the elderly with hypertension, diabetes, stroke, dementia, depression status, urinary incontinence, arthritis, insomnia, vision, and hearing loss, dependence on activities of daily living (ADL), general and poor self-rated health (SRH). The Cox proportional hazard regression model revealed that the 5-year risk of death increased by 65% ( HR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.29-2.11) for those who experienced a fall, which increased with fall frequency. This elevated risk persisted after adjusting for chronic conditions, ADL, and SRH. Conclusions:Ageing, female, living in rural regions, having common chronic diseases, dependence on ADL, general and poor SRH, living alone or living with children/grandchildren were associated with the elevated fall risk. The occurrence of fall was seasonal. The most common short-term adverse consequence after a fall was fractures, while the long-term effect was an increased risk of death.

Objective To investigate the correlation between levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and atrial fibrillation in a hypertensive population.Methods Hypertension screening was performed in the Wuyuan County of Jiangxi Province from June to August 2022.Data were collected using face-to-face questionnaire surveys,physical measurements,and biochemical tests.Logistic regres-sion analysis was used to analyze the effect of LDL-C on atrial fibrillation.The restricted cubic spline method was used to fit the correlation curve.Results A total of 14 314 patients with hypertension were included in the analysis,with an average age of 65.7±9.2 years.There were 570 patients detected with atrial fibrillation(the rate of atrial fibrillation was 4.0％).The rates of atrial fibrillation for LDL-C＜1.80 mmol/L,1.80-＜2.60 mmol/L,2.60-＜3.40 mmol/L and≥3.40 mmol/L were 10.2％(67/654),5.7％(216/3 807),3.3％(189/5 805),and 2.4％(98/4 048),respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that,compared with LDL-C＜1.80 mmol/L group,LDL-C 1.80-＜2.60 mmol/L group,2.60-＜3.40 mmol/L group,and ≥ 3.40 mmol/L group had a lower risk of atrial fibrillation(OR=0.53,95％CI:0.39-0.72,P＜0.001;OR=0.32,95％CI:0.23-0.45,P＜0.001;OR=0.22,95％CI:0.16-0.32,P＜0.001).Curve-fitting results showed that LDL-C levels were negatively associated with the risk of atrial fibrillation.Subgroup analysis showed that LDL-C level was negatively associated with the risk of atrial fibrillation in patients without a history of stroke(OR=0.51,95％CI:0.44-0.58,P＜0.001),while the association was not statistically significant in patients with a history of stroke(OR=0.80,95％CI:0.54-1.19,P=0.273).Conclusion In hyperten-sive patients without a history of stroke,LDL-C levels negatively correlated with the risk of atrial fibrillation.

Objective To analyze the factors affecting the prevalence of hyperuricemia(HUA)in an island troop.Methods A total of 1 113 soldiers stationed on an island from December 2021 to December 2022 were selected as research objects by cluster sampling.Their lifestyle and health information were collected.Physical examination and laboratory detection were conducted.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of HUA.Results The prevalence rate of HUA was 21.02%(234/1 113).There were significant differences in the body mass index(BMI),waist-to-hip ratio,triglyceride,alanine aminotransferase,and creatinine between the soldiers with hyperuricemia and the soldiers with normal blood uric acid(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BMI≥24(OR=1.49,95%CI:1.09-2.05),abnormal liver function(OR=2.26,95%CI:1.31-3.92),and dyslipidemia(OR=1.46,95%CI:1.01-2.12)were positively correlated with hyperuricemia;age>30 years old(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.37-0.93)and exercise time>1 h per week(OR=0.46,95%CI:0.22-0.97)were negatively correlated with HUA.Conclusion The prevalence rate of hyperuricemia is at a high level in an island troop.BMI≥24,age≤30 years old,exercise time≤1 h per week,abnormal liver function,and dyslipidemia are the risk factors for HUA.Prevention and control measures should be taken as early as possible for the soldiers with these risk factors.

Objective:s To investigate the risk factors for delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP) in patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP) and to develop predictive models based on machine learning algorithms.Methods:Patients with ACOP hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2019 to October 2024 were included, with the occurrence of DEACMP as the outcome measure. The dataset was randomly divided into training and validation sets at a ratio of 7:3. Lasso regression was used to select features influencing the outcome in training sets. Nine machine learning models—including Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Support Vector Machine (SVM)—were constructed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted and the area under the curve (AUC) calculated for each model. Calibration curves were used to assess accuracy, and decision curve analysis (DCA) was applied to evaluate clinical utility. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was employed to visualize and interpret the best-performing model.Results:A total of 264 ACOP patients were included, of whom 54 (20.5%) developed DEACMP. Lasso regression identified eight key feature variables. Based on these factors, predictive models were constructed, showing good AUC stability across the nine machine learning models in both training (0.92–0.99) and validation sets (0.85–0.91). The RF model performed best, with an AUC of 0.99 in the training set and 0.90 in the validation set; its calibration curve and DCA curve also demonstrated excellent performance. SHAP analysis of the RF model revealed the importance ranking of factors from highest to lowest as follows: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, duration of coma, age, history of coronary heart disease, CK-MB level, monocyte count, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and drinking history.Conclusions:The RF model exhibited the highest predictive performance for DEACMP occurrence in ACOP patients. The influencing factors, ranked in order of importance from highest to lowest, are as follows: GCS score, duration of coma, age, history of coronary heart disease, CK-MB level, monocyte count, DBP, and drinking history.

Objective To explore the intrinsic relationship between imaging features of the bony structure in varus-type knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Methods A total of 99 patients diagnosed with varus-type KOA were retrospectively selected.All patients underwent standard weight-bearing full-length X-ray radiographs of both lower extremities and 3D CT scans of the knee joints.The images were observed and analyzed at the picture archiving and communication system(PACS)workstation.The hip-knee-ankle(HKA)angle and tibial medial plateau settlement value were measured,the size of osteophyte was measured and graded,and the distribution of subchondral pseudocysts was counted.Correlation analysis was performed on the above imaging indicators,and scatter plots were drawn for linear correlations.Results There was a correlation between the HKA angle and the tibial medial plateau settlement value,with a correlation coefficient(r)of-0.548.The osteophyte grades in each subregion were correlated with the HKA angle,with r of-0.324,-0.307,-0.534,-0.581,-0.468,-0.245,-0.265,-0.244,-0.706,-0.741,-0.726,-0.326,-0.712,-0.218,respectively.There was correlation between the osteophyte grades in the medial patella,medial femoral subregion,and medial tibial subregion and the tibial medial settlement value,with r of 0.227,0.263,0.295,0.242,0.297,0.361,and 0.407,respectively.No correlation was found between the osteophyte grades in other subregions and the tibial medial settlement value.There was an overall correlation between osteophyte grades and subchondral pseudocysts,with a r of 0.245,but with regional differences.No correlation was found between the medial femoral osteophyte grades and subchondral pseudocysts,while correlations were observed in other zones,with r of 0.213,0.230,0.200,and 0.147,respectively.Conclusion KOA is a disease of the entire knee joint.The imaging features of its bony structure,including the HKA angle,tibial medial plateau settlement value,osteophyte grades,and subchondral pseudocysts,have both intrinsic relationship and regional differences,which are influenced by anatomical structures.

Objective:To investigate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of falls among the elderly community population in Beijing.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted using stratified multistage random sampling to select urban and rural residents aged 65 years and older in Beijing. Mortality data was collected after the baseline survey for 5 years. The incidence of falls was weighted based on the composition ratios of age and gender from the 2010 Nation-wide Population Census of Beijing. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the impacts of demographic sociology of common chronic diseases on fall occurrence. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the fall and 5-year survival association.Results:A total of 2 968 participants completed the questionnaire, at cross-sectional survey, with an average age of (73.2±6.0) years, and 1 581 (53.8%) participants were female. Three hundred and sixty-one individuals experienced a fall within the past year. Among those who fell, 64 (17.7%) fell twice, and 95 (26.6%) fell three or more times. Of them, 14.4% (52) had post-fall fractures, with the wrist, knee, and hip being the most common fracture sites, accounting for 25.0%, 17.3%, and 15.4%, respectively. The weighted fall incidence was 12.4% (95% CI: 11.2%-13.5%). Aging, being female, and living in rural areas were more likely to fall. Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, gender, and urban-rural status, the risk of falls for those living alone ( OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.08-2.04) or living with children/grandchildren ( OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.15-1.97) were significantly higher than those living with their spouse. In addition, the risk of falls was elevated significantly among the elderly with hypertension, diabetes, stroke, dementia, depression status, urinary incontinence, arthritis, insomnia, vision, and hearing loss, dependence on activities of daily living (ADL), general and poor self-rated health (SRH). The Cox proportional hazard regression model revealed that the 5-year risk of death increased by 65% ( HR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.29-2.11) for those who experienced a fall, which increased with fall frequency. This elevated risk persisted after adjusting for chronic conditions, ADL, and SRH. Conclusions:Ageing, female, living in rural regions, having common chronic diseases, dependence on ADL, general and poor SRH, living alone or living with children/grandchildren were associated with the elevated fall risk. The occurrence of fall was seasonal. The most common short-term adverse consequence after a fall was fractures, while the long-term effect was an increased risk of death.

Objective To investigate the correlation between levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and atrial fibrillation in a hypertensive population.Methods Hypertension screening was performed in the Wuyuan County of Jiangxi Province from June to August 2022.Data were collected using face-to-face questionnaire surveys,physical measurements,and biochemical tests.Logistic regres-sion analysis was used to analyze the effect of LDL-C on atrial fibrillation.The restricted cubic spline method was used to fit the correlation curve.Results A total of 14 314 patients with hypertension were included in the analysis,with an average age of 65.7±9.2 years.There were 570 patients detected with atrial fibrillation(the rate of atrial fibrillation was 4.0％).The rates of atrial fibrillation for LDL-C＜1.80 mmol/L,1.80-＜2.60 mmol/L,2.60-＜3.40 mmol/L and≥3.40 mmol/L were 10.2％(67/654),5.7％(216/3 807),3.3％(189/5 805),and 2.4％(98/4 048),respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that,compared with LDL-C＜1.80 mmol/L group,LDL-C 1.80-＜2.60 mmol/L group,2.60-＜3.40 mmol/L group,and ≥ 3.40 mmol/L group had a lower risk of atrial fibrillation(OR=0.53,95％CI:0.39-0.72,P＜0.001;OR=0.32,95％CI:0.23-0.45,P＜0.001;OR=0.22,95％CI:0.16-0.32,P＜0.001).Curve-fitting results showed that LDL-C levels were negatively associated with the risk of atrial fibrillation.Subgroup analysis showed that LDL-C level was negatively associated with the risk of atrial fibrillation in patients without a history of stroke(OR=0.51,95％CI:0.44-0.58,P＜0.001),while the association was not statistically significant in patients with a history of stroke(OR=0.80,95％CI:0.54-1.19,P=0.273).Conclusion In hyperten-sive patients without a history of stroke,LDL-C levels negatively correlated with the risk of atrial fibrillation.

Objective To explore the intrinsic relationship between imaging features of the bony structure in varus-type knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Methods A total of 99 patients diagnosed with varus-type KOA were retrospectively selected.All patients underwent standard weight-bearing full-length X-ray radiographs of both lower extremities and 3D CT scans of the knee joints.The images were observed and analyzed at the picture archiving and communication system(PACS)workstation.The hip-knee-ankle(HKA)angle and tibial medial plateau settlement value were measured,the size of osteophyte was measured and graded,and the distribution of subchondral pseudocysts was counted.Correlation analysis was performed on the above imaging indicators,and scatter plots were drawn for linear correlations.Results There was a correlation between the HKA angle and the tibial medial plateau settlement value,with a correlation coefficient(r)of-0.548.The osteophyte grades in each subregion were correlated with the HKA angle,with r of-0.324,-0.307,-0.534,-0.581,-0.468,-0.245,-0.265,-0.244,-0.706,-0.741,-0.726,-0.326,-0.712,-0.218,respectively.There was correlation between the osteophyte grades in the medial patella,medial femoral subregion,and medial tibial subregion and the tibial medial settlement value,with r of 0.227,0.263,0.295,0.242,0.297,0.361,and 0.407,respectively.No correlation was found between the osteophyte grades in other subregions and the tibial medial settlement value.There was an overall correlation between osteophyte grades and subchondral pseudocysts,with a r of 0.245,but with regional differences.No correlation was found between the medial femoral osteophyte grades and subchondral pseudocysts,while correlations were observed in other zones,with r of 0.213,0.230,0.200,and 0.147,respectively.Conclusion KOA is a disease of the entire knee joint.The imaging features of its bony structure,including the HKA angle,tibial medial plateau settlement value,osteophyte grades,and subchondral pseudocysts,have both intrinsic relationship and regional differences,which are influenced by anatomical structures.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanisms by which Pinggan Yishen Decoction(PGYSD)contributes to alleviating target organ damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats.METHODS The chemical components of PGYSD were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)and were analyzed by target a-nalysis and functional enrichment combined with network pharmacology methods to predict the potential mechanism of PGYSD in trea-ting hypertension and its target organ damage.Spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into the model group,low-dose PGYSD group(2 g·kg-1),high-dose PGYSD group(5 g·kg-1),and valsartan group(7.2 mg·kg-1),with 6 rats in each group.Wistar-Kyoto rats were used as the control group,and the control group and the model group were gavaged with normal saline for 8 consecutive weeks.HE and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological damage and fibrosis degree of rat heart and tho-racic aorta.Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to detect the expression level of EGFR in the heart,liver and kidney of rats.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the co-localization of EGFR and EEA1 in the heart,liver and kidney of rats.RESULTS Twenty-six components of PGYSD were detected by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS.Network pharmacology revealed that EG-FR,PIK3R1 and EP300 may be key therapeutic targets of action of PGYSD for the treatment of hypertension and its target organ dam-age,and that the treatment of hypertension and its target organ damage by PGYSD may be closely related to EGFR tyrosine kinase in-hibitor resistance,lipids and atherosclerosis and HIF-1 signaling pathway.The high-dose group of PGYSD significantly reduced sys-tolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure in rats(P<0.05,P<0.01),attenuated pathological damage and fibrosis in the heart and thoracic aorta(P<0.01,P<0.001),significantly reduced the expression level of EGFR in the liver and kidney of rats(P<0.01),and treated fibrosis in liver and kidney,reduced the co-localization of EGFR and EEA1 in the kidney of rats(P<0.001),attenuated fibro-sis in kidney.CONCLUSION The paper integrates UPLC-Q-TOF/MS,network pharmacology and spontaneously hypertensive rat model and preliminarily explores the effect mechanism of PGYSD in the treatment of hypertension and its target organ damage,provi-ding a scientific basis for further mechanism research and clinical application of PGYSD in the treatment of hypertension.