Objective:To analyze and compare differences in cortical functioning between patients with post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) following a left hemisphere stroke and healthy individuals using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).Methods:Twenty-six patients recovering from post-stroke dysphagia following a left hemisphere stroke formed the study′s PSD group, and 26 age-matched healthy subjects serves as the HC group. A 41-channel infrared spectroscope was used to record any changes in oxyhemoglobin (HbO) concentration while swallowing and at rest. The fNIRS data were statistically analyzed using Nirspark software. The β-values, reflecting the level of cortical activation, and the swallowing-related specific functional connectivity (FC) strength values (ΔFCs), representing task-specific FC strength, were extracted. The β-values and ΔFCs of the two groups were compared.Results:Compared with the HC group, the PSD group showed significantly reduced activation in Brodmann area (BA) 3/4/6/43 and BA4/6 of the left hemisphere during swallowing. Those areas correspond to the left primary motor cortex (M1), primary somatosensory cortex (S1), premotor cortex, and supplementary motor area (PM). Significantly reduced activation was observed in the PSD group in the right hemisphere at BA45/46/47, BA45/38/48, and BA10, corresponding to the right prefrontal cortex (PFC). The ΔFC values between the left PM-left M1, left PM-left S1, left M1-right S1, and left S1-right M1 in the PSD group were significantly lower than those in the HC group.Conclusions:Left hemispheric PSD is associated not only with decreased activation in the ipsilesional sensorimotor cortex (M1, S1, PM) but also with functional decline in the contra-lesional PFC. During swallowing, persons with left hemispheric PSD exhibit extensive impairment in inter-cortical network connectivity, with particularly marked reductions in connectivity between their ipsilesional and contra-lesional sensorimotor cortices.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between oxygen consumption (VO 2), carbon dioxide production (VCO 2), and Oxygen Consumption/lactate (VO 2/Lac) with risk of death in patients with severe ARDS. Methods:A retrospective cohort study method was used, and the study subjects were hospitalized for >5 days adult patients with severe ARDS in the central intensive care unit of Henan Provincial People's Hospital from 1 March 2020 to 30 June 2023. The following patients were excluded: IC test was not completed on the 4th day of ICU admission, IC test results were unreliable, mechanical ventilation duration had exceeded 48 h at the time of ICU transfer or admission, palliative care patients and pregnant and parturient women. Using indirect calorimetry to determine VO 2 and VCO 2 values on the 4th day of admission, reviewing medical records to obtain general condition, disease information, blood gas analysis (including lactate value), diagnostic and therapeutic measures, and following up deaths by telephone and time of death. The primary outcome measure was death at 90 days, and the secondary outcome measure was death at 28 days, length of stay in ICU, total length of stay, and total hospitalization cost. Cox regression analysis and linear regression analysis were used to investigate the relationship between VO 2, VCO 2, VO 2/Lac and primary and secondary outcome indexes. Results:A total of 216 patients were enrolled, 78 patients (36.1%) died and 138 patients (63.9%) survived at 90 days. After correction for confounders, the results of multifactorial Cox regression analysis suggested that compared with the Q4 group, HR (95% CI) for 90-day risk of death in the VO 2 Q1 and Q2 groups was 3.21 (1.38, 7.49) and 3.24 (1.42, 7.38), and HR (95% CI) for 90-day risk of death in the VCO 2 Q1, Q2 and Q3 groups was 5.88 (2.33, 14.84), 4.26 (1. 60, 11.34) and 3.54 (1.34, 9.35), respectively, and the HR (95% CI) for 90-day risk of death in the VO 2/Lac Q1, Q2 and Q3 groups were 8.72 (3.01, 25.25), 8.43 (2.91, 24.47) and 4.04 (1.34, 12.17) respectively. P-trends were all <0.05, indicating that VO 2, VCO 2 and VO 2/Lac were linearly and negatively associated with the risk of 90-day mortality. In addition, VO 2, VCO 2, and VO 2/Lac were negatively associated with 28-day risk of death and higher VO 2/Lac was negatively associated with length of ICU stay. Conclusions:VO 2, VCO 2 and VO 2/Lac were negatively associated with 90-day mortality risk and 28-day mortality risk in patients with severe ARDS and may be independent risk factors predicting mortality risk of such patients.

Objective To explore the characteritics of spontaneous brain functional activities for patients with hand dysfunction after ischemic stroke using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI).Methods From August,2024 to June,2025,23 patients with hand dysfunction after ischemic stroke were as patients group,and ten age-matched healthy adults were recruited as healthy control group.The patients group was as-sessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities(FMA-UE),Wolf Motor Function Test(WMFT)and modified Lindmark Scale.All subjects underwent rs-fMRI examinations,and the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations(ALFF),fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations(fALFF)and regional homogeneity(Re-Ho)were compared between two groups.The resting state functional network was constructed based on indepen-dent component analysis,and the functional connectivity(FC)were analyzed.The rs-fMRI indicators of the pa-tients and the clinical scale scores were analyzed.Results Compared with the healthy control group,the zALFF value decreased in the precentral gyrus(P<0.05,FWE corrected)in the patient group,as well as the values of zfALFF in Cerebelum-Crus2-R(P<0.05,FWE correct-ed),and ReHo values in the putamen(P<0.05,corrected by Alpha Sim).FC of the inferior frontal gyrus(IF-Goperc.R)in the executive control network enhanced(P<0.05,Alpha Sim corrected),while FC of the middle oc-cipital gyrus(MOG.L)in the dorsal attention network(DAN)weakened(P<0.05,Alpha Sim corrected).There was a positive correlation between FC of MOG.L in the patient's DAN and the scores of FMA-UE(r=0.439,P=0.036),WMFT(r=0.516,P=0.012),and modified Lindmark Scales(r=0.425,P=0.043).Conclusion The resting state spontaneous activity of some brain areas of the cerebrum,cerebellum and basal ganglia is reduced in patients with hand dysfunction after ischemic stroke,and some brain network connections are abnor-mal.FC of MOG.L may serve as an objective imaging marker for evaluating hand dysfunction.

Objective To explore the characteritics of spontaneous brain functional activities for patients with hand dysfunction after ischemic stroke using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI).Methods From August,2024 to June,2025,23 patients with hand dysfunction after ischemic stroke were as patients group,and ten age-matched healthy adults were recruited as healthy control group.The patients group was as-sessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities(FMA-UE),Wolf Motor Function Test(WMFT)and modified Lindmark Scale.All subjects underwent rs-fMRI examinations,and the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations(ALFF),fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations(fALFF)and regional homogeneity(Re-Ho)were compared between two groups.The resting state functional network was constructed based on indepen-dent component analysis,and the functional connectivity(FC)were analyzed.The rs-fMRI indicators of the pa-tients and the clinical scale scores were analyzed.Results Compared with the healthy control group,the zALFF value decreased in the precentral gyrus(P<0.05,FWE corrected)in the patient group,as well as the values of zfALFF in Cerebelum-Crus2-R(P<0.05,FWE correct-ed),and ReHo values in the putamen(P<0.05,corrected by Alpha Sim).FC of the inferior frontal gyrus(IF-Goperc.R)in the executive control network enhanced(P<0.05,Alpha Sim corrected),while FC of the middle oc-cipital gyrus(MOG.L)in the dorsal attention network(DAN)weakened(P<0.05,Alpha Sim corrected).There was a positive correlation between FC of MOG.L in the patient's DAN and the scores of FMA-UE(r=0.439,P=0.036),WMFT(r=0.516,P=0.012),and modified Lindmark Scales(r=0.425,P=0.043).Conclusion The resting state spontaneous activity of some brain areas of the cerebrum,cerebellum and basal ganglia is reduced in patients with hand dysfunction after ischemic stroke,and some brain network connections are abnor-mal.FC of MOG.L may serve as an objective imaging marker for evaluating hand dysfunction.

Objective:To analyze and compare differences in cortical functioning between patients with post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) following a left hemisphere stroke and healthy individuals using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).Methods:Twenty-six patients recovering from post-stroke dysphagia following a left hemisphere stroke formed the study′s PSD group, and 26 age-matched healthy subjects serves as the HC group. A 41-channel infrared spectroscope was used to record any changes in oxyhemoglobin (HbO) concentration while swallowing and at rest. The fNIRS data were statistically analyzed using Nirspark software. The β-values, reflecting the level of cortical activation, and the swallowing-related specific functional connectivity (FC) strength values (ΔFCs), representing task-specific FC strength, were extracted. The β-values and ΔFCs of the two groups were compared.Results:Compared with the HC group, the PSD group showed significantly reduced activation in Brodmann area (BA) 3/4/6/43 and BA4/6 of the left hemisphere during swallowing. Those areas correspond to the left primary motor cortex (M1), primary somatosensory cortex (S1), premotor cortex, and supplementary motor area (PM). Significantly reduced activation was observed in the PSD group in the right hemisphere at BA45/46/47, BA45/38/48, and BA10, corresponding to the right prefrontal cortex (PFC). The ΔFC values between the left PM-left M1, left PM-left S1, left M1-right S1, and left S1-right M1 in the PSD group were significantly lower than those in the HC group.Conclusions:Left hemispheric PSD is associated not only with decreased activation in the ipsilesional sensorimotor cortex (M1, S1, PM) but also with functional decline in the contra-lesional PFC. During swallowing, persons with left hemispheric PSD exhibit extensive impairment in inter-cortical network connectivity, with particularly marked reductions in connectivity between their ipsilesional and contra-lesional sensorimotor cortices.

Objective:To observe any effect of electroacupuncture pretreatment (EP) on the function of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells in mice with middle cerebral artery obstruction (MCAO), and to explore the role of miRNA-155 RNA and the p53 pathway in determining it.Methods:Forty-two mice were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a model group, an EP group, an miR-155 inhibitor (MI) group, an miR-155 agonist (MA) group, an miR-155 inhibitor negative control (MIN) group and an miR-155 agonist negative control (MAN) group. Each group had 6 rats. All except the sham-operated and model groups received EP, followed by injecting into the corresponding lateral ventricles inhibitor and agonist in groups MI and MA, and placebos in group MIN and MAN. All 7 groups were subjected to MCAO modeling 48 hours after the EP. Twenty-four and 72 hours after the modeling, neurological deficits were quantified using modified neurological severity scoring (mNSS). All of the mice were then sacrificed and any brain tissue damage was observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) was used to observe any apoptosis of endothelial cells, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were employed to detect the level of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the serum. Apoptotic endothelial cells in the cerebral microbleed and ICAM-1, Bcl-2 and Bax positive cells were detected using immunofluorescence. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR) were carried to observe the expressions of miRNA-155 RNA and YY1 and p53 proteins in the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) region.Results:Twenty-four and 72 hours after the MCAO the average mNSS score of the EP group was significantly lower than the model group′s average. HE staining showed that the cell morphology of the EP group was more regular. The number of apoptotic cells, the expression of ICAM-1, the relative expression of ICAM-1, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, as well as the relative expression of miRNA-155 RNA and YY1 and p53 proteins were all then significantly lower in the EP group than in the model group, on average.The expression of miRNA-155 RNA, p53 protein and ICAM-1, as well as the Bax to Bcl-2 ratio in the MI group was then significantly lower than in the MIN group, on average.Conclusion:Electroacupuncture pretreatment improves microvascular endothelial cell functioning in the cerebrum after ischemia and reperfusion (at least in mice) and may attenuate cerebral cell injury by down-regulating the miRNA-155-mediated YY1/p53 pathway.

SWOT-PEST model was used to analyze the internal advantages and disadvantages,external,opportunities and challenges of tertiary public pediatric hospitals.Based on stakeholder theory,through the literature review method,policy analysis method,combined with the actual work,and summarize its main role and demands.Put forward the development strategy of three-level public pediatric specialty hospital.Through the analysis of interest demands of stakeholders of tertiary public pediat-ric specialty hospitals,the overall development is good at present,but there are still problems that need to be solved urgently.From the perspective of internal and external stakeholders,the optimization strategy involving multiple levels,multiple angles and multiple subjects is proposed to promote the comprehensive development of tertiary public pediatric specialty hospitals.

The long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine injection regimen（CAB+RPV regimen）is the first approved long-acting antiretroviral therapy（ART）for HIV in China，administered once every two months. This regimen provides an innovative alternative to daily oral ART，benefiting virologically suppressed patients. Several large clinical-studies have shown that the CAB+RPV regimen achieves comparable virologic suppression and safety to daily oral regimens，while significantly enhancing patient satisfaction. Based on international and domestic HIV/AIDs guidelines and clinical evidence，this consensus offers expert recommendations on patient selection，clinical management，and key communication strategies for healthcare providers to support the effective use of this regimen，aiming to improve quality of life for people living with HIV and accumulate domestic clinical experience with this advanced treatment approach.

The long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine injection regimen（CAB+RPV regimen）is the first approved long-acting antiretroviral therapy（ART）for HIV in China，administered once every two months. This regimen provides an innovative alternative to daily oral ART，benefiting virologically suppressed patients. Several large clinical-studies have shown that the CAB+RPV regimen achieves comparable virologic suppression and safety to daily oral regimens，while significantly enhancing patient satisfaction. Based on international and domestic HIV/AIDs guidelines and clinical evidence，this consensus offers expert recommendations on patient selection，clinical management，and key communication strategies for healthcare providers to support the effective use of this regimen，aiming to improve quality of life for people living with HIV and accumulate domestic clinical experience with this advanced treatment approach.

OBJECTIVES: To provide reference basis for reducing the mortality for children under 5 years old and promote the healthy development, the mortality for children under 5 years old and the main causes for death in Liuyang City from 2013 to 2020 are analyzed. METHODS: The data of 725 cases of death for children under 5 years old in Liuyang City from 2013 to 2020 were collected.The causes and difference of death among the children were analyzed retrospectively by descriptive statistic methods. RESULTS: There were a total of 144 516 live births in Liuyang City from 2013 to 2020. The mortality for children under 5 years old was 5.01‰, for infants was 3.39‰, and for newborns was 1.63‰. The male child mortality was 5.28‰, and the female child mortality rate was 4.72‰, with significant difference (P>0.05). The mortality for children under 5 years old was seasonal fluctuation, without significant difference among seasons (P>0.05). For the past 5 years, the top 3 causes for death among children under 5 years old were preterm birth and low birth weight, congenital heart disease, and pneumonia. Before death, 341 cases (47.04%) were treated in provincial hospitals, 198 cases (27.31%) in county-level hospitals, 56 cases (7.72%) in village-level hospitals, and 130 cases (17.93%) were not treated. CONCLUSIONS The mortality for children under 5 years old in Liuyang City is gradually reduced in the past 5 years. The main causes for death are premature birth and low birth weight, congenital heart disease and pneumonia. We should develop healthy education, improve the rate of prenatal diagnosis, promote the construction of obstetrics and paediatrics, and fundamentally reduce the mortality for children under 5 years old.
Cause of Death ; Child ; Child Mortality ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pneumonia/epidemiology* ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth ; Retrospective Studies