Objective: To explore the impacts of coal mine dust on lung function in rats, so as to provide the basis for the early prevention and treatment of coal worker's pneumoconiosis. Methods: Seventy-two SPF-grade 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the coal dust group, the coal-silica dust group, the silica dust group and the control group. The rats in the first three groups of rats were administered 1 mL corresponding dust suspension into the lungs using non-exposure tracheal instillation, while the rats in the control group were administered 1 mL normal saline. Respiratory rate (f), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and dynamic pulmonary compliance (Cdyn) were measured at 1, 3 and 6 months after dust exposure. Lung tissues were collected to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels using corresponding ELISA kits and ATP assay kits, respectively. The relative mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were detected using real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. The relative protein expressions of PGC-1α and TFAM were detected using Western blotting. Results: There was no interaction between dust type and exposure duration on f (P>0.05), but there were interactions on FVC, PEF and Cdyn (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group at 6 months after dust exposure, the f of the rats in the silica dust group were increased, while the FVC and PEF of the rats in the coal-silica dust and silica dust groups were decreased, and Cdyn of the rats in the coal dust, coal-silica dust and silica dust groups were decreased (all P<0.05). There were interactions between dust type and exposure duration on ROS and ATP levels, the relative mRNA and protein expressions of PGC-1α and TFAM (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group at 3 and 6 months after dust exposure, the ROS levels in the rats in the coal dust, coal-silica dust and silica dust groups were increased, while the ATP levels, the relative mRNA and protein expressions of PGC-1α and TFAM were decreased (all P<0.05). Conclusion The lung function impairment in rats caused by different types of coal mine dust is related to PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis dysfunction, which leads to increased ROS levels, decreased ATP and TFAM levels.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of dapagliflozin on contrast-induced acute kidney injury （CIAKI） and prognosis in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 （T2DM） and acute coronary syndrome （ACS） who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. METHODS Retrospective selection of data on T2DM patients with ACS who underwent PCI treatment in the Cardiology Department of Tianjin Chest Hospital from January 1st 2021 to December 31st 2022. The patients were divided into dapagliflozin group （96 cases） and control group （148 cases） based on whether they received dapagliflozin or not. Renal function indicators were measured for all enrolled patients before PCI and at 48 h and 1 week after PCI， including blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， serum creatinine （Scr）， estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR）， cystatin-C （Cys-C）， kidney injury molecule-1 （KIM-1） and β2-microglobulin （β2-MG）. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year. The incidence of CIAKI and major adverse cardiac event （MACE） during follow-up were recorded for both groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of dapagliflozin on the occurrence of CIAKI， while the Log-rank test was applied to compare the incidence of MACE between the two groups. Cox regression was employed to analyze the impact of dapagliflozin on prognosis. RESULTS At 48 h and 1 week after PCI， serum levels of Cys-C， KIM-1 and β2-MG were significantly lower in the dapagliflozin group compared to the control group （P＜0.05）. The incidence of CIAKI was lower in the dapagliflozin group compared to the control group （6.25% vs. 14.86%， P＝0.042）. Logistic regression analysis revealed that dapagliflozin was an independent protective factor against CIAKI （OR＝0.280， 95%CI 0.101-0.780，P＝0.015）. During the follow-up period， the incidence of MACE was lower in the dapagliflozin group compared to the control group （7.29% vs. 17.57%， P＝0.049）. Cox regression analysis indicated that dapagliflozin reduced the occurrence of MACE after PCI （HR＝0.374， 95%CI 0.161-0.866， P＝0.022）. CONCLUSIONS With adequate hydration， the use of dapagliflozin does not increase the risk of CIAKI following PCI in T2DM patients with ACS.

Abstract Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has demonstrated unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as glycolipid metabolism disorder. However, its widespread application has been hindered by the unclear biological essence of TCM syndromes and therapeutic mechanisms. As an emerging interdisciplinary field, phenomics integrates multi-dimensional data including genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and microbiome. When combined with TCM's holistic philosophy, it forms TCM phenomics, providing novel approaches to reveal the biological connotation of TCM syndromes and the mechanisms of herbal medicine. Taking glycolipid metabolism disorder as an example, this paper explores the application of TCM phenomics in glycolipid metabolism disorder. By analyzing molecular characteristics of related syndromes, TCM phenomics identifies differentially expressed genes, metabolites, and gut microbiota biomarkers to elucidate the dynamic evolution patterns of syndromes. Simultaneously, it deciphers the multi-target regulatory networks of herbal formulas, demonstrating their therapeutic effects through mechanisms including modulation of insulin signaling pathways, improvement of gut microbiota imbalance, and suppression of inflammatory responses. Current challenges include the subjective nature of syndrome diagnosis, insufficient standardization of animal models, and lack of integrated multi-omics analysis. Future research should employ machine learning, multimodal data integration, and cross-omics longitudinal studies to establish quantitative diagnostic systems for syndromes, promote the integration of precision medicine in TCM and western medicine, and accelerate the modernization of TCM.

As a key member of the insulin-like growth factor family， insulin-like growth factor-‍Ⅰ （IGF-‍Ⅰ） is mainly synthesized in the liver and is widely distributed in the human body， and it is involved in the physiological processes such as cell proliferation， differentiation， metabolism， and apoptosis. Studies have shown that the level of IGF-‍Ⅰ is negatively correlated with the severity of liver cirrhosis， and IGF-‍Ⅰ mainly affects the progression of liver cirrhosis by inhibiting liver fibrosis， promoting DNA damage repair， and regulating lipid metabolism. Monitoring of IGF-‍Ⅰ level is expected to provide an evaluation indicator for improving the prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis， and stimulating the action pathway of IGF-‍Ⅰ or regulating its expression level may become a new method for the treatment of liver cirrhosis. This article reviews the research advances in IGF-‍Ⅰ in liver cirrhosis， in order to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cirrhosis.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of 0.05% cyclosporine eye drops in promoting ocular surface recovery following pterygium excision combined with autologous corneal limbal stem cell transplantation.METHODS:This study is a prospective randomized controlled trial, selecting 104 cases(104 eyes)of primary pterygium with monocular onset admitted to Baoding First Central Hospital from September 2023 to September 2024 as the initial sample. The patients were divided into an experimental group and a control group using a random number table method, with 52 eyes in each group. Both groups underwent pterygium excision and autologous corneal limbal stem cell transplantation performed by the same surgeon. The control group received tobramycin dexamethasone eye drops combined with 0.3% sodium hyaluronate eye drops, while the experimental group was additionally treated with 0.05% cyclosporine eye drops. The corneal epithelial repair status, ocular surface function [corneal fluorescein staining(FL)score, Schirmer I test(SIt), break-up time of tear film(BUT)] at preoperative and postoperative time points(1 and 3 mo), and dry eye symptoms [ocular surface disease index(OSDI), standard patient evaluation of eye dryness(SPEED)scores]. Additionally, the recurrence rate and postoperative complications were recorded.RESULTS: During the follow-up period, there was 1 case of loss to follow-up in both the experimental group and the control group, with lost to follow-up rate of 1.9%. Finally, 51 cases in each group completed all followed-up. No statistically significant difference was observed in preoperative general characteristics of patients between the two groups(P>0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in corneal epithelial repair time or suture removal time(all P>0.05). At 1 mo postoperatively, the SIt and BUT decreased in both groups compared to preoperative levels, with the experimental group showing higher values than the control group(all P<0.05). FL scores increased compared to preoperative levels but were lower in the experimental group(all P<0.05). By 3 mo, the SIt, BUT and FL score of the control group were not statistically different from preoperative levels(all P>0.05), whereas the experimental group showed increased SIt and BUT, which were higher than the control group, and reduced FL scores, and decreased FL scores, which was lower than the control group(all P<0.05). At 3 mo postoperatively, both groups showed increased SIt and BUT compared to 1-month values, with the experimental group outperforming the control group(all P<0.05). FL scores decreased in both groups compared to 1-month values, with the experimental group maintaining lower scores(P<0.05). At 1 mo postoperatively, OSDI and SPEED scores were higher than preoperative levels, with the experimental group higher than the control group(all P<0.05); at 3 mo postoperatively, the scores returned to preoperative level(all P>0.05), and the OSDI and SPEED scores of the control group increased and higher than those of the experiment group(all P<0.05); at 3 mo postoperatively, the OSDI and SPEED scores decreased when compared with 1-month preoperative level, and the experiment group was lower than the control group(all P<0.05). There was no difference in the total incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups(P>0.05). According to the statistics of 6 mo follow-up after operation, there was no recurrence in the experimental group, and the recurrence rate was 11.8% in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Adjunctive use of 0.05% cyclosporine eye drops after pterygium excision with limbal stem cell transplantation enhances ocular surface recovery, reduces dry eye symptoms, and lowers recurrence rates without compromising corneal epithelial healing or safety.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value and imaging characteristics of MRI combined with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET)/CT in focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) complicated with refractory epilepsy. Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 42 patients with FCD complicated with refractory epilepsy who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from January 2017 to December 2022. All patients underwent preoperative MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT, and PET/MRI fusion was performed on the images. Chi-square test and Kappa consistency test were used to compare the localization diagnostic efficacy of PET/CT, MRI and PET/MRI fusion for epileptic foci. The patients were categorized based on gender, lesion location, pathological type, seizure type, and efficacy. Independent sample t-test and analysis of variance were used to compare maximum standardized uptake (SUVmax) values and asymmetry index (AI) of the patients between different groups. Results:Among the 42 patients, the positive rates of MRI, PET/CT, PET/MRI fusion examinations were 85.7%(36/42), 95.2%(40/42), 100.0%(42/42), the lateral localization rates were 71.4%(30/42), 92.9%(39/42), 95.2%(40/42), and the localization rates were 57.1%(24/42), 81.0%(34/42), 88.1%(37/42), respectively. There were significant differences in the lateral localization rates and localization rates of epileptogenic foci between MRI and PET/CT (χ 2=6.574, P=0.010; χ 2=5.570, P=0.018). There were significant differences in the positive rates of lesions, the lateral localization rates and the localization rates of epileptogenic foci between MRI and PET/MRI fusion (χ 2=6.385, P=0.012; χ 2=8.571, P=0.003; χ 2=10.118, P=0.001). There were no significant differences in the positive rates of lesions between MRI and PET/CT, and in the positive rates of lesions, the lateral localization rates and localization rates of epileptogenic foci between PET/CT and PET/MRI fusion (χ 2=2.184, P=0.139; χ 2=2.024, P=0.155; χ 2=0.210, P=0.647; χ 2=0.819, P=0.365). The Kappa consistency test of PET/CT and PET/MRI fusion imaging was performed for the location of epileptogenic foci, and the Kappa=0.721 was obtained, indicating that they were consistent in the location of epileptogenic foci. The SUVmax values of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were lower, and the AI values were higher than that of patients with extra temporal lobe epilepsy (7.4±1.3 vs 9.6±1.6, 15.5±2.6 vs 12.9±2.4; t=5.154, 6.083; P=0.001, 0.001). The SUVmax values of patients with good efficacy (according to the Engel efficacy grading system, grades Ⅰ-Ⅱ indicating good efficacy) were higher, and the AI values were lower than that of patients with poor efficacy (according to the Engel efficacy grading system, grades Ⅲ-Ⅳ indicating poor efficacy; 9.5±1.9 vs 7.9±2.1, 13.5±3.3 vs 14.8±3.0; t=2.789, 3.722; P=0.042, 0.029). There were no significant differences in SUVmax and AI values among different genders, pathological types and seizure types (all P>0.05). Conclusions:The imaging characteristics of patients with different types of FCD complicated with refractory epilepsy are different. PET/MRI fusion is better than MRI in the diagnosis of FCD complicated with refractory epilepsy, and is consistent with PET/CT in the location of epileptogenic foci.

Amomi Fructus （AF） refers to the dried mature fruit of Amomum villosum A. villosum. var. xanthiondes， and A. longiligulare， all belonging to the Zingiberaceae family. As one of the renowned "Four Southern Medicines"， AF is also classified as an ingredient featured by "medicinal and food homology". It is mainly produced in Guangdong， Yunnan， and Hainan provinces in China. In recent years， with the in-depth implementation of the "Healthy China" strategy， AF has gained increasing popularity among the public due to its significant medicinal value. At the same time， research on its chemical composition， pharmacological effects， and identification methods has garnered widespread attention from scholars. The chemical composition of AF is highly complex. Its primary constituents include volatile components such as borneol acetate， camphor， and borneol， as well as non-volatile components such as polysaccharides， polyphenols， and mineral elements. AF possesses a wide range of pharmacological effects， including gastrointestinal protection， lipid-lowering and weight loss， glucose-lowering， uric acid-lowering， antioxidant， anti-inflammatory， antibacterial， and analgesic activities. The identification techniques for AF， including microscopic identification， molecular biological identification， and electrochemical fingerprinting， are crucial for its quality control， safety， and efficacy. However， in recent years， there have been few comprehensive summaries of research on AF， which limits further in-depth research and high-value development and utilization of AF. This article systematically reviewed the research progress on the chemical composition， pharmacological activity， and identification methods of AF， and is expected to provide prospects for future research.

OBJECTIVE To explore the potential geographic distribution of Pinellia Ternata (Thunb.) Breit. in Gansu province, clarify its habitat requirements, and provide a theoretical basis for rational cultivation. METHODS Based on 100 geographic distribution points of Pinellia Ternata (Thunb.) Breit. and 39 environmental variables (including 19 bioclimatic variables, 17 soil variables and 3 topographic variables), the maximum entropy model(MaxEnt) and ArcGIS geographic information system software were used to make the habitat suitable for its evaluation and classification of suitable areas, the result of Jackknife test was used to evaluate the environmental variables that affect the habitat of Pinellia Ternata (Thunb.) Breit., the area under the ROC curve(AUC) was used to evaluate the degree of reliability of the prediction results. RESULTS The AUC was 0.993, indicating that the prediction results of the MaxEnt model were reliable. Monthly average daily temperature difference, isotherm, standard deviation of seasonal variation of temperature, annual precipitation, the wettest month precipitation, the driest month precipitation, the driest season precipitation, the coldest season precipitation and altitude were the main environmental variables affecting the growth of Pinellia Ternata (Thunb.) Breit.. The suitable areas for Pinellia Ternata (Thunb.) Breit. in Gansu were mainly concentrated in Longnan, Tianshui and Pingliang, where the areas of high, medium and low suitable areas were 16 180.4, 15 413.96, 21 204.84 km2, respectively. CONCLUSION The research results can provide a theoretical reference for the protection and standardized cultivation of Pinellia Ternata (Thunb.) Breit. resources.

Inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）， mainly including ulcerative colitis （UC） and Crohn's disease （CD）， is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract， with its incidence increasing year by year. Due to its long treatment duration， difficulty in treatment， prolonged remission， and high costs， it has attracted global attention. Exploring safe， effective， and sustainable treatment regimens has become an urgent global issue. The pathogenesis of IBD is complex， involving intestinal mucosal injury，disturbances in the internal environment， and inflammatory responses. In recent years， research has found that ferroptosis is also one of the important pathogenic factors of IBD. Ferroptosis， as a new form of non-apoptotic cell death， is characterized by iron dependence， lipid peroxidation， and imbalance in the redox system. Studies have shown that inhibiting ferroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells can protect the intestinal mucosa. Targeted intervention in ferroptosis may be a new direction for the treatment of IBD. IBD is mainly treated with drugs， including corticosteroids， aminosalicylates， biologics， and immunomodulators， but drug resistance and adverse reactions are common. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has unique advantages such as low cost， low drug resistance， and fewer side effects， and has accumulated rich experience in the treatment of IBD. Scholars have confirmed that TCM can inhibit ferroptosis， and recent studies have shown that TCM can not only inhibit iron-dependent lipid peroxidation in intestinal cells but also enhance the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities of intestinal mucosa， thus playing a role in the treatment of IBD. Increasing evidence suggests that TCM may treat IBD by interfering with ferroptosis. This article explores the relevance of TCM intervention in ferroptosis and the treatment of IBD， discusses the possible mechanisms of ferroptosis in IBD， and aims to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of IBD.

Objective:To conjecture the correlation between fetal hydrothorax(FHT)and pregnancy outcome through the analysis of 95 fetuses with hydrothorax and their mothers.Methods:In this case series study, 95 FHT patients admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2016 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the pregnancy outcome, these patients were divided into the induced labor group (13 patients) and the delivery group (82 patients). General data and genetic examinations of patients in the induced labor group were analyzed to explore their pathogenesis and genetics.According to the neonatal Apgar score, patients in the delivery group were divided into the normal group and the asphyxia group.Fifteen indicators including the maternal age, gestational week at first diagnosis, maternal complications, FHT location, FHT severity, FHT outcome during pregnancy, fetal ascites, hydrops fetalis, other abnormal fetal structures, amniotic fluid volume, intrauterine treatment, gestational week of delivery, mode of delivery, sex of the newborn, and newborn birth weight in the 2 groups were comparatively analyzed by the chi-square test.With the neonatal Apgar score as the dependent variable, variables that had statistical significance during the univariate analysis were included in the regression analysis, and a multivariate binary Logistic regression equation was established to explore the factors affecting the pregnancy outcome.Results:There were significant differences in the FHT outcome during pregnancy (16/22/13 cases vs.2/18/11 cases, χ2=6.994, P=0.030), FHT severity (27/24 cases vs.9/22 cases, χ2=4.475, P=0.034), hydrops fetalis (14/37 cases vs.23/8 cases, χ2=17.012, P=0.001), amniotic fluid volume (21/30 cases vs.24/7 cases, χ2=10.228, P=0.001), intrauterine treatment (19/32 cases vs.2/29 cases, χ2=9.603, P=0.002), gestational week of delivery[(38.15±2.05) weeks vs.(34.83±3.14) weeks, t=5.748, P=0.001], and newborn birth weight[(3 325.00±637.41) g vs.(2 714.58±837.99) g, t=3.727, P=0.001]between the normal and asphyxia groups(all P<0.05). Among them, hydrops fetalis ( OR=7.070, P=0.020) and severe FHT ( OR=6.927, P=0.043) were risk factors for neonatal Apgar scores.Intrauterine treatment ( OR=0.062, P=0.027) and gestational week of delivery( OR=0.577, P=0.022) could be used as a protective factor for neonatal Apgar scores. Conclusions:Diagnosis of FHT during the early gestational weeks and multiple fetal structural abnormalities, especially hydrops fetalis, have higher probabilities of abnormal genetic examinations, and the fetal prognosis was poor.It is recommended to carry out chromosomal karyo type and microarray tests, as well as whole exome sequencing and detection of genetic syndromes(if necessary), to avoid unnecessary fetal treatment and improve the survival rate of perinatal infants after intrauterine treatment.The poor prognosis is related to hydrops fetalis and severe FHT; however, timely intrauterine treatment and prolonging pregnancy can improve the pregnancy outcome and increase the survival rate of perinatal infants.