Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and changing trends of elderly patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis(DR-PTB)at Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, in order to provide references for clinical prevention and treatment.Methods:Data were retrospectively collected from all DR-PTB cases hospitalized in the electronic medical record system of Beijing Chest Hospital from 2019 to 2023.The epidemiological characteristics including classification, gender, age, occupation and their changing trends among elderly DR-PTB patients were analyzed.Results:Among 1 981 hospitalized DR-PTB patients, 400(20.19%)were elderly[aged 60-92 years, mean(68.67±7.01)years], showing an overall increasing trend from 2019 to 2023.Mono-resistant PTB was the most common(198 cases, 49.50%), followed by multidrug-resistant PTB(170 cases, 42.50%), extensively drug-resistant PTB(21 cases, 5.25%), and polyresistant PTB(11 cases, 2.75%).Among the elderly DR-PTB patients, 287 cases(71.75%)were male, 200 cases(50.00%)were initial treatment cases, 377 cases(94.25%)were Han nationality, 165 cases(41.25%)were Beijing residents, 185 cases(46.25%)were employees of enterprises and institutions, 109 cases(27.25%)were farmers, 68 cases(17.00%)were unemployed individuals, 202 cases(50.50%)were pathogen-positive cases(smear and culture positive), and 228 cases(57.00%), 331 cases(82.75%), 196 cases(49.00%)were patients with comorbidities, complications, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, respectively.There were no significant differences between elderly and non-elderly groups in ethnicity, treatment classification, or comorbidities(all P>0.05).However, significantly differences were found in gender ( χ2=12.718, P<0.001), occupation ( χ2=97.500, P<0.001), patient origin ( χ2=119.771, P<0.001), pathogen detection results ( χ2=10.101, P=0.001), and drug resistance patterns ( χ2=15.990, P=0.001).The proportion of elderly DR-PTB patients showed an overall increasing trend, with rises in females(25.64%-28.70%), unemployed individuals(7.69%-20.37%), other occupations(5.13%-19.40%), Han ethnicity(91.03%-99.07%), initial treatment(33.33%-57.41%), smear-negative but culture-positive cases(46.15%-53.70%), polyresistant PTB(1.28%-9.26%), and extensively drug-resistant PTB(1.28%-3.70%). Conclusions:Among elderly DR-PTB patients, the proportions of female, unemployed individuals and other occupations, initial treatment cases, smear-negative but culture-positive cases, polyresistant PTB, and extensively drug-resistant PTB are increasing annually.Future efforts should focus on targeted prevention and treatment for key populations to further reduce the rate of elderly DR-PTB.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and changing trends of elderly patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis(DR-PTB)at Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, in order to provide references for clinical prevention and treatment.Methods:Data were retrospectively collected from all DR-PTB cases hospitalized in the electronic medical record system of Beijing Chest Hospital from 2019 to 2023.The epidemiological characteristics including classification, gender, age, occupation and their changing trends among elderly DR-PTB patients were analyzed.Results:Among 1 981 hospitalized DR-PTB patients, 400(20.19%)were elderly[aged 60-92 years, mean(68.67±7.01)years], showing an overall increasing trend from 2019 to 2023.Mono-resistant PTB was the most common(198 cases, 49.50%), followed by multidrug-resistant PTB(170 cases, 42.50%), extensively drug-resistant PTB(21 cases, 5.25%), and polyresistant PTB(11 cases, 2.75%).Among the elderly DR-PTB patients, 287 cases(71.75%)were male, 200 cases(50.00%)were initial treatment cases, 377 cases(94.25%)were Han nationality, 165 cases(41.25%)were Beijing residents, 185 cases(46.25%)were employees of enterprises and institutions, 109 cases(27.25%)were farmers, 68 cases(17.00%)were unemployed individuals, 202 cases(50.50%)were pathogen-positive cases(smear and culture positive), and 228 cases(57.00%), 331 cases(82.75%), 196 cases(49.00%)were patients with comorbidities, complications, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, respectively.There were no significant differences between elderly and non-elderly groups in ethnicity, treatment classification, or comorbidities(all P>0.05).However, significantly differences were found in gender ( χ2=12.718, P<0.001), occupation ( χ2=97.500, P<0.001), patient origin ( χ2=119.771, P<0.001), pathogen detection results ( χ2=10.101, P=0.001), and drug resistance patterns ( χ2=15.990, P=0.001).The proportion of elderly DR-PTB patients showed an overall increasing trend, with rises in females(25.64%-28.70%), unemployed individuals(7.69%-20.37%), other occupations(5.13%-19.40%), Han ethnicity(91.03%-99.07%), initial treatment(33.33%-57.41%), smear-negative but culture-positive cases(46.15%-53.70%), polyresistant PTB(1.28%-9.26%), and extensively drug-resistant PTB(1.28%-3.70%). Conclusions:Among elderly DR-PTB patients, the proportions of female, unemployed individuals and other occupations, initial treatment cases, smear-negative but culture-positive cases, polyresistant PTB, and extensively drug-resistant PTB are increasing annually.Future efforts should focus on targeted prevention and treatment for key populations to further reduce the rate of elderly DR-PTB.

Inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）， mainly including ulcerative colitis （UC） and Crohn's disease （CD）， is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract， with its incidence increasing year by year. Due to its long treatment duration， difficulty in treatment， prolonged remission， and high costs， it has attracted global attention. Exploring safe， effective， and sustainable treatment regimens has become an urgent global issue. The pathogenesis of IBD is complex， involving intestinal mucosal injury，disturbances in the internal environment， and inflammatory responses. In recent years， research has found that ferroptosis is also one of the important pathogenic factors of IBD. Ferroptosis， as a new form of non-apoptotic cell death， is characterized by iron dependence， lipid peroxidation， and imbalance in the redox system. Studies have shown that inhibiting ferroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells can protect the intestinal mucosa. Targeted intervention in ferroptosis may be a new direction for the treatment of IBD. IBD is mainly treated with drugs， including corticosteroids， aminosalicylates， biologics， and immunomodulators， but drug resistance and adverse reactions are common. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has unique advantages such as low cost， low drug resistance， and fewer side effects， and has accumulated rich experience in the treatment of IBD. Scholars have confirmed that TCM can inhibit ferroptosis， and recent studies have shown that TCM can not only inhibit iron-dependent lipid peroxidation in intestinal cells but also enhance the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities of intestinal mucosa， thus playing a role in the treatment of IBD. Increasing evidence suggests that TCM may treat IBD by interfering with ferroptosis. This article explores the relevance of TCM intervention in ferroptosis and the treatment of IBD， discusses the possible mechanisms of ferroptosis in IBD， and aims to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of IBD.

Objective By analyzing the characteristics of hidden poisoning homicide cases,provide scientific references for grass-roots forensic examination and toxicological screening and provide direction for the efficient discovery of hidden or missed cases of poisoning homicide in non-natural death cases.Methods Poisoning incidents in Hunan Province from 2018 to 2023 were retrospectively analyzed and compiled using Origin and EXCEL software.Results There were a total of 149 poisoning homicide cases,with 15 occurring in urban areas(accounting for 10.1%)and 134 in rural areas(accounting for 89.9%).Out of the 46 cases that led to casualties,rodenticide poisoning was the most prevalent(accounting for 52.2%),followed by cyanide(4.3%),nitrite(4.3%),thallium(2.2%),and other forms of poisoning.These incidents were primarily concentrated in urban areas.The main way of poisoning was to mix poisons into drinking water(accounting for 28.3%),meals(26.1%),and dark or heavy seasoning(8.7%).There was no significant disparity in the gender distribution of suspects,although the number of male victims was notably higher than that of female victims.The suspects were predominantly between the ages of 19 and 45,while the victims were mostly between the ages of 46 and 60.Among the 103 cases that did not result in injury or death,99%occurred in rural areas,with more than 95%of the involved poisons included pungent pesticides or herbicides,while rodenticides accounted for the least(1.9%).Conclusion There are obvious urban-rural differences in the case occurrence areas and types of involved poisons in poisoning homicide cases.Therefore,it is imperative to focus on both urban and rural areas during the investigation and evidence collection process in suspected poisoning cases.

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a medication-induced hyperkinetic movement disorder, generally manifested as involuntary spasms or choreiform movements of the tongue, lower face and jaw, and limbs (lasting at least several weeks). It occurs after using neuroleptic medication for at least several months, causing irreversible injuries to the nerve system and significantly impacting patients′ daily function. This review summarizes recent research progress regarding TD risk factors, possible pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, assessment and identification, and treatment and management approaches. The goal is to raise awareness of TD to archive early prevention and identification, standardize treatment, and improve patients′ prognosis and quality of life.

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a medication-induced hyperkinetic movement disorder, generally manifested as involuntary spasms or choreiform movements of the tongue, lower face and jaw, and limbs (lasting at least several weeks). It occurs after using neuroleptic medication for at least several months, causing irreversible injuries to the nerve system and significantly impacting patients′ daily function. This review summarizes recent research progress regarding TD risk factors, possible pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, assessment and identification, and treatment and management approaches. The goal is to raise awareness of TD to archive early prevention and identification, standardize treatment, and improve patients′ prognosis and quality of life.

Parkinson′s disease is a common neurodegenerative disease with high clinical heterogeneity. With the development of precision medicine, numerous researches have been conducted on the pathological mechanism, clinical classification, diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson′s disease through multi-omics, bioformatics and molecular imaging. This article will elaborate the current practice and future research directions of precision medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson′s disease.

Humans ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/drug therapy* ; Benzofurans/therapeutic use* ; Double-Blind Method ; Treatment Outcome

Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by continuous or intermittent muscle contraction leading to involuntary abnormal movements or postures. The etiology of dystonia can be hereditary,acquired,or idiopathic. Hereditary dystonia has been listed in the first catalog of 121 rare diseases in China. The genetic causes of dystonia are complex,with numerous new genes related to dystonia discovered in recent years,which include HPCA,KCTD17,COL6A3,KMT2B,VPS16,VPS41,VPS11,AOPEP,EIF2AK2,ADCY5,GNAO1,GNB1,TBCD,CACNA1B,DNAJC12,SLC18A2,SQSTM1,IRF2BPL,and YY1. The relationship between clinical phenotypes and genotypes in dystonia is complex and insufficiently understood. This article reviews the genetics of dystonia,aiming to improve clinicians ability to diagnose and treat this disease.