OBJECTIVE To compare and analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of postauricular versus intratympanic dexamethasone injection in the treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss （SSNHL） with all frequency loss. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on 150 patients with SSNHL with all frequency loss who were treated at the Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine between June 1， 2020， and May 31， 2025. According to different injection routes， the patients were divided into the intratympanic group （intratympanic injection， n ＝78） and the postauricular group （postauricular injection， n ＝72）. The differences in hearing threshold indicators and auditory outcomes before and after treatment， tinnitus/vertigo indicators， coagulation function indicators before and after treatment， as well as adverse reactions during treatment were compared between the two groups. RESULTS After treatment， both groups demonstrated significant reductions in the mean speech-frequency threshold and the mean hearing threshold compared with baseline （ P ＜0.05）， whereas no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups （ P ＞0.05）. Therapeutic outcomes varied significantly across different degrees of hearing loss in each group （intratympanic group： P ＝0.005； postauricular group： P ＜0.001）. Moreover， a significant linear trend relationship was observed between the degree of hearing loss and treatment efficacy grades （ P ＜0.001）， indicating that the more severe the hearing loss， the poorer the treatment outcome （ P ＜0.05）. Notably， the intratympanic group demonstrated superior efficacy compared with the postauricular group in patients with severe and profound hearing loss （ P ＜0.05）. Among patients presenting with vertigo prior to treatment， the postauricular group exhibited a significantly higher response rate than the intratympanic group （ P ＜0.05）， while no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in patients with tinnitus （ P ＞0.05）. Regarding coagulation parameters， fibrinogen （FIB） levels and activated partial thromboplastin time decreased or shortened significantly follo wing therapy （ P ＜0.05）， whereas thrombin time （TT） and prothrombin time were significantly prolonged （ P ＜0.05）. Moreover， the postauricular group showed lower FIB levels and longer TT values compared with the intratympanic group （ P ＜0.05）. No significant differences were identified between the two groups in the incidence of gastrointestinal reactions， bleeding manifestations， hepatic or renal dysfunction， or allergic reactions （ P ＞0.05）； however， vestibular adverse reactions occurred more frequently in the intratympanic group （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Compared with intratympanic injection， postauricular dexamethasone injection combined with conventional treatment regimens achieved comparable efficacy in overall hearing improvement in SSNHL patients with all frequency loss. However， the postauricular injection shows potential advantages in vertigo relief， enhancing treatment response in patients with varying degrees of hearing loss， regulating of coagulation function， and declucing of vestibular adverse reactions， while the intratympanic injection may be more suitable for patients with severe hearing loss.

Cancer is a highly deadly disease, with breast cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer being the most prevalent in women. However, traditional cancer treatments present challenges due to their strong toxic side effects and adverse reactions. Numerous studies have demonstrated that natural products derived from various plants possess therapeutic and preventive properties against cancer. These phytochemicals have been extensively investigated as a potential alternative to conventional chemotherapy drugs, owing to their safety and efficacy. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent advances in the chemoprevention and mechanisms of phytochemicals against the four major female cancers. The focus will be on how these phytochemicals regulate cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis to impede cancer progression. Given their extensive clinical applications, phytochemicals hold great promise in the field of cancer treatment. It hopes that this review will inspire more researchers to explore the potential of these natural compounds in combating female cancers.

Objective To investigate the effects of auricular point seed-pressing and earpoint scraping on sleep quality,sleep structure index and neurotransmitter in patients with sleep disorders in neurology department.Methods A total of 110 patients with sleep disorders treated in the Department of Neurology at Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from June 2022 to June 2024 were selected as the study subjects.The patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group using a random number table,with 55 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Estazolam Tablets,while the observation group received auricular point seed-pressing therapy combined with ear scraping therapy.The treatment course lasted for 4 weeks.After treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated.Changes in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)scores were observed before and after treatment,as well as sleep structure indicators,including total sleep time(TST),sleep latency(SL),arousal index(AI),non-rapid eye movement sleep time(NREM)[light sleep stage(S1),light to moderate sleep stage(S2),moderate sleep stage(S3),deep sleep stage(S4)],actual sleep time(AST),sleep efficiency(SE),and rapid eye movement sleep time(REM).The serum levels of norepinephrine(NE),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),and gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)were compared before and after treatment,as well as changes in the Quality of Life Scale(SF-36)scores.The safety and incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups were also evaluated.Results(1)The total effective rate in the observation group was 96.61%(53/55),while it was 81.82%(45/55)in the control group.The efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the PSQI scores of both groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group showed significantly better improvement in PSQI scores compared to the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,the sleep structure indicators in the observation group,including TST,SL,AI,S1,S2,S3,S4,AST,SE,and REM,were significantly improved,and the differences were statistically significant compared to the control group(P＜0.05).(4)After treatment,the serum levels of NE,5-HT,and GABA in both groups were significantly improved,and the observation group showed significantly better improvement in these levels compared to the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).(5)After treatment,the SF-36 scores of both groups were significantly improved,and the observation group showed significantly better improvement in SF-36 scores compared to the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).(6)The total incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 0.00%(0/55),while it was 10.91%(6/55)in the control group.The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion Auricular point seed-pressing therapy combined with ear scraping therapy for the treatment of sleep disorders at the Department of Neurology can significantly improve patients'sleep quality,enhance sleep structure-related indicators,regulate neurotransmitter levels,thereby improving patients'quality of life with high safety and efficacy.

Objective To establish an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted platform for detection of parasite eggs, and to evaluate its detection efficiency and accuracy, so as to provide technical supports for elimination of parasitic diseases. Methods A total of 1 003 slides of Enterobius vermicularis, horkworm, Trichuris trichiura, Clonorchis sinensis, Taenia, Ascaris lumbricoides, Schistosoma japonicum, Paragonimus westermani and Fasciolopsis buski eggs were collected, and converted into digital images with an automatated scanning microscope to create a dataset. Based on the Object Detection platform on the Baidu Easy DL model, an AI-assisted platform for detection of parasite eggs was created through procedures of uploading, labeling, training, evaluation and optimization. Then, 70% of the datasets were randomly selected for model training, and the precision, recall and average accuracy were calculated to evaluate the effectiveness of platform for recognition of parasite eggs. In addition, the platform was deployed on the computer and smart phone terminals for use. Results An AI-assisted platform for detection of parasite eggs was successfully created. If the platform was deployed using the public cloud application programming interface (API), the average accuracy, precision and recall of the platform were 93.42%, 92.55% and 89.32% for recognition of parasite eggs. If the platform was deployed using the offline software development kit (SDK), the average accuracy, precision and recall of the platform were 92.97%, 94.78% and 87.63% for recognition of parasite eggs. In addition, the precision of the platform was 97.00% and 96.23% for identification of Taenia and C. sinensis eggs, respectively. Conclusions The AI-assisted platform for detection of parasite eggs has been successfully created, which is high in the accuracy for recognition of parasite eggs and convenient in use. This platform may provide a powerful technical support for parasitic disease diagnosis.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the willingness and influencing factors of COVID-19 vaccination among Chinese middle school students, and to provide a reference for promoting the implementation of COVID-19 vaccination among middle school students. Methods: An online survey was conducted among middle school students in Beijing, Anqing of Anhui Province, Xi an of Shaanxi Province and Shenzhen of Guangdong Province, and 9 153 participants were enrolled in the present study. Single factor analysis and multinomial Logistic regression was used to determine the related factors of COVID-19 vaccination willingness. Results: The prevalence of vaccine acceptance, vaccine hesitancy and vaccine refusal among middle school students were 60.05%, 31.59% and 8.36%, respectively. The results of Chi square analysis showed there were significant difference of COVID-19 vaccination willingness among sex, school residence, grade, region, vaccination willingness of surrounding classmates, vaccination willingness of others, fear of SARS-CoV-2 and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection( χ 2=8.43-1 059.43, P <0.05). Multinomial Logistic regression analysis presented that, compared to "vaccine acceptance" group, those girls, non resident in school, living in Beijing or Anqing, disagree or uncertain with influenced by peers, disagree or uncertain with influenced by others, uncertain with fear of SARS-CoV-2, disagree or uncertain with having risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection were more likely to show vaccine hesitancy( OR =1.22,1.21,1.49,1.69,1.75,2.54,1.41,2.32,3.32,1.99,2.38, P <0.05). And those non boarding in school, living in Beijing or Xi an, disagree or uncertainty influenced by peers, disagree or uncertainty influenced by others, disagree with fear of SARS- CoV- 2, disagree or uncertainty in having risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection were more likely to show vaccine refusal ( OR =1.27, 2.29 ,1.46,3.88,2.37,2.31,1.47,2.14,4.24,1.47, P <0.05). Conclusion The willingness of COVID-19 vaccination among middle school students in four cities is low, and targeted interventions should be advocated to form herd immunity.

Objective: This study aims to explore the influencing factors of influenza vaccination in middle school students, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the influenza vaccination rate and inform interventions. Methods: By using mixed research method, a combination of qualitative research and quantitative research, a survey was conducted among 9 145 middle school students selected from Beijing, Anhui, Shaanxi, Guangdong via the online survey using Wenjuanxing software. Multivariate Logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors of influenza vaccination. After a purposeful sampling, 35 middle school students were invited for semi structured interviews and NVivo plus software were used for data analysis. Results: The self reported influenza vaccination rate of the middle school students was 38.2%. No experience of discussing an influenza vaccine with others ( OR=1.37, 95%CI =1.17-1.60) and devaluing the discussion about vaccination ( OR=1.30, 95%CI =1.08-1.57) was negatively associated with vaccination( P <0.05); The head teacher suggestion(OR=0.39, 95%CI =0.32-0.48), peers vaccination( OR= 0.29, 95%CI =0.25-0.33), and awareness of what the vaccine was and being able to explain it clearly( OR=0.68, 95%CI =0.61-0.75), discussing with others( OR=0.76, 95%CI =0.67-0.86), feeling the discussion is valuable( OR=0.66, 95%CI = 0.59- 0.73), being able to positively influence others( OR=0.61, 95%CI =0.55-0.68), being positively influenced by others ( OR= 0.62, 95%CI =0.54-0.71) were more likely to take vaccination via separated models( P <0.05). The interview results showed that the teacher s cognition and attitude towards the influenza vaccine could directly or indirectly affect the students vaccination decision, and the positive school opinion atmosphere may improve students vaccination rate. Conclusion It is suggested that the schools should increase students vaccination rate through head teachers guidance and organizing students to participate in discussion on influenza topics.

To explore the laterality of SN+ area in patients with PD under TCS，and to further analyze its correlation with clinical data，in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of Parkinson's disease.Methods 81 patients with Parkinson's disease were collected，and the differences between SN+O and SN+N，SN+L and SN+R under transcranial ultrasound，and the correlation between SN+O and S/M and clinical data in patients with EOPD and LOPD were analyzed.Nonparametric test was used for difference analysis and spearman correlation was used for correlation analysis.Results The SN+O of PD was significantly larger than that of SN+N，and there was no significant difference in SN+ between left and right substantia nigra.The SN+O of early-onset PD was negatively correlated with the age of onset.Conclusion The area of SN+ on both sides of Parkinson's disease was asymmetrical under transcranial ultrasound.SN+O in Parkinson's disease was significantly larger than that in SN+N.The larger S/M often occurred in patients with early-onset PD rather than in patients with late-onset PD.Subgroup analysis showed that the age of onset of EOPD was negatively correlated with SN+O.SN+O and S/M in Parkinson's disease are not affected by age，disease duration，severity，autonomic nervous dysfunction and depression，but their stability as biomarkers needs to be further studied.

Objective:To evaluate the safety of two inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in a large-scale emergency use.Methods:Based on the "Vaccination Information Collection System", the incidence data of adverse reactions in the population vaccinated with the inactivated COVID-19 vaccines developed by Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd and Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, respectively, in emergency use were collected, and the relevant information were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological and statistical methods.Results:By December 1, 2020, the vaccination information of 519 543 individuals had been collected. The overall incidence rate of adverse reactions was 1.06%, the incidence rate of systemic adverse reactions was 0.69% and the incidence rate of local adverse reactions was 0.37%. The main systemic adverse reactions included fatigue, headache, fever, cough and loss of appetite with the incidence rates of 0.21%, 0.14%, 0.06%, 0.05% and 0.05%, respectively; the main local adverse reactions were injection site pain and injection site swelling with the incidence rates of 0.24% and 0.05%, respectively.Conclusion:The two inactivated COVID-19 vaccines by Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd and Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd showed that in the large-scale emergency use, the incidence rate of general reactions was low and no serious adverse reactions were observed after the vaccinations, demonstrating that the vaccines have good safety.

Objective To construct Evaluation Form for TCM Nursing with Syndrome Differentiation for Lumbar Disc Herniation in order to provide references for better nursing care of patients with lumbar disc herniation with syndrome differentiation.Methods According to the principle of "discern Yin and Yang,grasp the main symptoms",literature analysis and Delphi method were used to draft the primary and secondary symptoms of lumbar disc herniation's common syndromes,and Evaluation Form for TCM Nursing with Syndrome Differentiation for Lumbar Disc Herniation was developed.Totally 84 patients were recruited,and results evaluated by clinical physicians and nurses using the evaluation form were compared.Results By means of the evaluation form,80 patients were considered as the type of "Xue yu qi zhi",1 patient as the type of "Han shi bi zu",the others three as the type of "Gan shen kui xu";according to clinical physicians,83 patients were the type of "Xue yu qi zhi",and 1 patient was the type of "Gan shen kui xu".The consistency rate of two methods was 96.43％,and there was no significant difference (P＞0.05).Conclusion There was no statistically significant difference between the results from clinical physicians and nurses using the evaluation form.The evaluation form is applicable in clinical practice,which can lay the foundation for nurses to carry out nursing with syndrome differentiation.

OBJECTIVE To compare sensitivity in typeⅠ hypersensitivity between BN and Wistar rats, and to establish a sensitive and reliable determination system for typeⅠ hypersensitivity. METHODS BN and Wistar rats were sc given ovalbumin (OVA) 10, 20 and 40 μg·kg~(-1) every other day for 5 times and normal control group with sc normal saline. The total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in serum were determined with ELISA and the specific IgE levels in serum were determined by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis on the 21st day from the 1st injection. The blood pressure, serum histamine and tryptase levels were determined after challenge on the 22nd day. RESULTSTotal IgE, specific IgE, histamine and tryptase levels in serum significantly increased and blood pressure decreased in OVA 10, 20 and 40 μg·kg~(-1) BN rat groups compared with normal control group, while in Wistar rats these symptoms only appeared in OVA 40 μg·kg~(-1) group. CONCLUSION BN rats are more sensitive than Wistar rats in typeⅠ hypersensitivity. The blood pressure, serum total IgE, specific IgE, histamine and tryptase levels can be used as the important indicators in typeⅠ hypersensitivity.