Taxifolin (Tax) has been proved to be a medicinal edible substance with protective effects against alcoholic liver injury, however, its poor hydrophilicity and permeability have hindered the clinical application of Tax. In this study, we prepared taxifolin-phosphatidylcholine/sodium deoxycholate/PVP-K30 micells (Tax-MLs). Box-Behnken test was used to obtain the optimal preparation process, and Tax-MLs were characterised by transmission electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Physicochemical parameters such as proximate micelle concentration, equilibrium solubility and oil-water partition coefficient were determined, and the release pattern of Tax-MLs was investigated by in vitro digestion simulation. Alcoholic liver injury model to explore the in vivo efficacy of Tax-MLs. The results showed that the average particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of Tax-MLs were 36.90 ± 4.57 nm, 0.194 ± 0.01 and -32.6 ± 0.35 mV, respectively, and the uniform size and distribution of Tax-MLs were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The formation of Tax-MLs was proved by differential scanning calorimetry and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In terms of physicochemical properties, the solubility of Tax-MLs in water increased by 92.02 times compared with Tax, and its oil-water partition coefficient in water increased from 0.43 to 1.14, which proved that Tax-MLs could improve its solubility and permeability. The in vivo pharmacodynamic results showed that compared with the Tax group, Tax-MLs low, medium and high dose groups showed a significant reduction in liver indices and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P < 0.05), and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), and lowered the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) more significantly in the hepatic tissues. Tax-MLs effectively improved drug solubility and permeability, and enhanced the protective effect against alcoholic liver injury. Animal experiments were conducted with approval from the Animal Ethics Committee of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval number: 2023601).

Objective: To establish a risk assessment system for infectious disease prevention and control in schools in Shangcheng District, Hangzhou and determine risk levels for each school, and propose corresponding risk management measures, so as to provide a scientific reference for infectious disease prevention and control in primary and secondary schools. Methods: Based on the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method, potential failure analysis and current situation investigation of infectious disease prevention and control risks were conducted in 110 primary and secondary schools from 2022 to 2024 in Shangcheng District, Hangzhou. Risk levels were classified using K-Means cluster analysis. Results: Through expert panel discussions using FMEA, 6 first level indicators and 28 second level indicators were identified. The top three risk priority numbers were implementation of required prevention and control measures for clustered infectious disease outbreaks in schools in the past three years ( 189.00 ), student morning/afternoon health checks (168.00), and reporting status of clustered infectious disease outbreaks in schools in the past three years (144.00). The comprehensive prevention scores of schools ranged from 61.00 to 98.00 (mean: 87.40 ). There were no statistically significant differences in the average scores(primary school: 88.17±7.39, nine year consistent education: 86.26±7.68, junior high school: 85.55±8.20, and high school: 88.72±4.91) and risk level distribution of schools with different educational stages( F/H=0.95,1.47, P >0.05).K-Means cluster analysis divided the schools into 5 risk levels with cluster centers at 93.25, 85.78, 79.69, 70.29, 61.00 ( F=309.21, P <0.05), with 80% of schools classified as low risk or below. Conclusion The infectious disease prevention and control risk assessment system for primary and secondary schools can be established, and hierarchical management can be conducted according to school risk levels, thereby improving the efficiency and effectiveness of school infectious disease prevention and control, and enhancing the precision and sustainability of prevention efforts.

During tumor progression, the mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment play a pivotal regulatory role. As core mechanical indicators, cellular stiffness and extracellular matrix stiffness profoundly influence tumor development through multiple pathways, including cytoskeletal remodeling, activation of signaling pathways, and metabolic regulation. Studies have demonstrated that the tissue stiffness of various solid tumors is significantly higher than that of corresponding normal tissues, while their cellular stiffness exhibits the opposite trend. This mechanical characteristic is also observed in oral squamous cell carcinoma and exerts crucial regulatory effects during tumor progression. This review systematically summarizes the molecular composition and regulatory mechanisms underlying the stiffness of tumor cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Mainstream stiffness detection technologies such as atomic force microscopy, microfluidic deformation, and real-time deformability cytometry are outlined, with particular emphasis on their applications and limitations in oncology research. This review comprehensively analyzes how mechanical properties regulate key processes in tumor progression, including growth, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, drug resistance, and immune escape. This review synthesizes biomechanics-based therapeutic strategies, including: ① targeting the regulation of tumor cell stiffness through cytoskeletal modulators and cholesterol-depleting agents to enhance immune responses; ② reducing ECM stiffness by matrix remodeling enzyme inhibitors, ECM component modulators, or receptor antagonists to improve drug delivery efficiency, and combining with immunotherapy or photothermal therapy for enhanced therapeutic effects; ③ enhancing the mechanical adaptability and anti-tumor activity of immune cells through pharmacological or genetic approaches. This review establishes a robust conceptual framework for developing novel anti-tumor therapeutic strategies and provides insights for future clinical management of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Four pyrazines were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of Hypecoum erectum L. by using various chromatographic methods, including MCI gel, ODS, silica gel and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified as hyperectpyrazin A (1), 1′S-(6-methylpyrazin-2-yl)-ethane-1′,2′-diol (2), 2-hydroxymethyl-6-methylpyrazin (3) and pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (4) by spectroscopy methods (1D NMR, 2D NMR, UV, IR, MS, etc.). The absolute configuration of compound 2 was determined by using the Mo₂(OAc)₄ induced CD analysis for the first time. Compound 1 was a new compound, compounds 2-4 were isolated from H. erectum for the first time. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their inhibition against acetylcholinesterase and nitric oxide generation induced by lipopolysaccharide-RAW264.7 macrophage cells. At a concentration of 50 μmol·L^-1, compounds 2 and 4 displayed inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase with the inhibition rates of 44.40% and 43.99%, respectively.

Background Exposures to environmental pollution and specific occupational hazards exacerbate pulmonary fibrosis which has a complex pathogenesis and lacks effective therapeutic drugs. The extract from Dracocephalum moldavica L. can alleviate pulmonary fibrosis through anti-inflammatory and anti-pyroptosis pathways, but its mechanism of prevention and treatment for pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear. Objective To elucidate the targets and potential mechanism underlying the anti-pulmonary fibrosis efficacy of Dracocephalum moldavica L. extract by employing an amalgamation of network pharmacology and empirical verification. Methods The chemical composition of the extract of Dracocephalum moldavica L. was retrieved with the help of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The disease targets related to pulmonary fibrosis were inquired using Gene Cards and DisGeNET. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database and Cytoscape software. The predicted potential targets were analyzed by the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses through the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and validated by molecular docking. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, a low-dose group of Dracocephalum moldavica L. extract (100 mg·kg⁻¹), and a high-dose group of Dracocephalum moldavica L. extract (400 mg·kg⁻¹), with eight rats in each group. A rat model of pulmonary fibrosis was constructed using bleomycin (5 mg·kg⁻¹) intratracheal instillation, and an equal volume of saline was instilled into the control group. After modelling, 400 and 100 mg·kg⁻¹ of Dracocephalum moldavica L. extract were given the high-dose and low-dose groups by gavage, and an equal volume of saline was given by gavage to the control group and the model group, once per day, for consecutive 28 d. The animals were then neutralized, and lung tissues were collected. Structural changes in rat lung tissue were evaluated by observing stained pathological sections. Western blot (WB) was used to detect fibrosis-related proteins type I collagen (Col-I), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT) in lung tissues. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect α-SMA and Col-I mRNA levels in lung tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in rats. Results A total of 378 key chemical components of the Dracocephalum moldavica L. extract and 1611 lung fibrosis-related targets were identified. Among them, 574 potential targets of Dracocephalum moldavica L. extract acting on lung fibrosis were obtained. The key targets determined by Degree value were albumin (ALB), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), AKT1, etc. The results of KEGG analysis suggested that the potential targets of Dracocephalum moldavica L. extract against pulmonary fibrosis mainly involved the PI3K-AKT, HIF-1 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. The molecular docking results showed that the binding energy between the active components (quercetin, apigenin, aesculetin, quercitrin) of Dracocephalum moldavica L. extract and the core targets of pulmonary fibrosis (TNF, IL-6, ALB, AKT1) were all <-29.288 kJ·mol⁻¹, indicating good binding ability. The animal validation results showed that compared with the control group, the rats in the model group had disrupted alveolar structure, obvious inflammatory cell infiltration, positive blue-striped collagen fibre deposition, and increased Col-I and α-SMA protein expression and transcription levels (P<0.001), p-PI3K and p-AKT expression levels (P<0.001), and levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β (P<0.001). Compared with the model group, the high- and low-dose groups of Dracocephalum moldavica L. extract alleviated the progression of pulmonary fibrosis, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, and attenuated collagen fibre deposition in rats, with a decrease in the protein expression and transcription levels of Col-I and α-SMA (P<0.01), the expression levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT (P<0.001), and the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α (P<0.05, P<0.001). Conclusion Dracocephalum moldavica L. extract manifests anti-pulmonary fibrotic properties through the modulation of the PI3K-AKT signaling cascade and the suppression of inflammatory reactions.

Objective:To study the clinical safety and validity of retrograde new endoscopic field of vision in miniature pigs.Methods:6 live miniature pigs were selected as study subjects,En-doscopic Retrograde New View(ERNV)was selected.The performance,image quality and intraoper-ative and postoperative complications were evaluated.To evaluate whether all the experimental ani-mals could complete the relevant endoscopy.Verify ERNV's operating performance,including whether the duodenoscope can enter the biliary tract smoothly,and made sure whether the injection,suction,and instrument channels were unobstructed.Choledochoscope image clarity,color resolu-tion,image deformation and distortion,accurate evaluation of lumen conditions and clear observation of mucosal surface conditions were analyzed.Whether there were operant injuries such as bleeding and perforation,as well as adverse events such as respiratory depression and cardiac arrest.The sur-vival status and adverse reactions of all pigs were observed.Results:The choledochoscope was successfully inserted into the bile duct of 6 miniature pigs.The product had good operation perfor-mance and could enter the bile duct through the duodenoscope smoothly.The injection,suction and instrument channels were relatively smooth.In addition,the endoscopic images are clear,with better color resolution,and without image deformation and distortion,which can realize accurate evaluation of the conditions in the lumen and observe the mucosal surface conditions more clearly.No bile duct stenosis or dilatation occurred in all miniature pigs,and the bile duct mucosa was smooth,without hyperemia and edema,and no abnormal thickening or bending of mucous vessels.During the exami-nation,there were no operational injuries such as bleeding and perforation,and no adverse events such as respiratory depression and cardiac arrest occurred.The vital signs of all miniature pigs tended to be stable after operation,and the survival state was good,and there were no complications such as cholangitis,bleeding and perforation.Conclusion:ERNV has good clinical safety and efficacy,ex-cellent operation performance and excellent image quality,and is worthy of clinical application.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of women's body mass index （BMI） on pregnancy outcomes of ovulation induction intrauterine insemination （OI-IUI） in patients with unexplained primary infertility. MethodsThe study included 764 OI-IUI cycles from January 2016 to December 2022 in reproductive center of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital. According to BMI，patients were divided into three groups：low BMI （BMI<18.5 kg/m²）， normal BMI （18.5 kg/m² ≤BMI＜23.0 kg/m²）， and high BMI （BMI≥23.0 kg/m²）. Comparison of clinical data and pregnancy outcomes was performed between the groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between BMI and live birth rate. ResultsFrom the low BMI group to the high BMI group， the HCG positive rate （7.08%，9.74%， 13.19%）， clinical pregnancy rate（5.51%， 7.91%， 13.19%）， and live birth rate （4.72%， 6.90%， 12.50%） increased. Among them， the live birth rate of the high BMI group was significantly higher than that of the low BMI group and the normal BMI group， with a statistically significant difference （P=0.034）. While the early miscarriage rate （14.28%， 10.26%， 5.26%） decreased from the low BMI group to the high BMI group. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI was an independent factor in live birth， and high BMI resulted in a better live birth rate than low BMI （OR=3.15，95%CI=1.191-8.329，P=0.021）. ConclusionLow BMI is associated with poor OI-IUI outcomes in patients with unexplained primary infertility. These patients are encouraged to gain weight in a healthy manner.

AIM: To observe the changes of corneal densitometry(CD)in patients with keratoconus after corneal cross-linking(CXL).METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 32 patients(43 eyes)with keratoconus in Ningxia Eye Hospital from April 2020 to April 2022 were selected. Pentacam analysis system divided the cornea into three layers: anterior 120 μm, middle layer and posterior 60 μm, and divides it into five regions with diameters of 0-2, 2-6, 6-10, 10-12 mm and full diameter according to the diameter, and measures the CD in different ranges. The changes of CD were compared before operation and at 1, 3 and 6 mo after operation.RESULTS: There were differences in uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity and intraocular pressure before and 6 mo after operation(all P<0.05), and there was no difference in corneal endothelial cells(P=0.477). CD reached its peak at 1 mo after operation, and decreased at 3 mo and 6 mo after operation, but it was still higher than that before operation. There is a significant positive correlation between CD and Kmax in the anterior layer and the whole layer(r=0.164, P=0.016; r=0.152, P=0.023).CONCLUSION: The values of CD peaked at 1 mo after CXL, then it gradually decreased, tending to become stable at 6 mo postoperatively.

The breakage pattern of unit particles during the production of oral solid dosage forms (OSD) is closely related to the quality of intermediate or final products. To accurately characterize the particles and study the evolution law of particle breakage, the Bonding model of the discrete element method (DEM) was used to investigate the breakage patterns of model parameters, particle shape and process conditions (loading mode and loading rate) on the dynamic breakage, force-time curve, breakage rate, maximum breakage size ratio and fracture strength of particles. The results showed that the particle breakage force was positively correlated with normal strength and bonded disk scale, negatively correlated with normal stiffness per unit area and tangential stiffness per unit area, and weakly correlated with tangential strength. The particle breakage rate was negatively correlated with the aspect ratio of the particles, and the maximum breakage size ratio was positively correlated with the aspect ratio of the particles; among the three loading modes, the breakage rate of compression breakage model was the largest, the breakage rate of shear breakage model was the second largest, and the breakage rate of wear breakage model was the smallest; the maximum breakage size ratio was positively correlated with the loading rate, the loading mode and the loading rate had no mutual influence on particle breakage rate, but had mutual influence on the maximum breakage size ratio. The research results will provide a theoretical basis for the shift of OSD from batch manufacturing to advanced manufacturing.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetic ocular complication that can lead to poor vision and blindness. This experiment aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect and its mechanism of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) eye drops on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in rats. All experiments were approved by the Animal Research Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Animal welfare and the animal experimental protocols were strictly consistent with related ethics regulations of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. PZSHUTCM 211115004). Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ into rats. Two months later, PNS solution was dropped binocular twice per day at 6 h intervals at dose of 20, 40, and 80 mg·kg^-1 continuously for 1 month. The morphological structure and activation of microglia of the retina were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical assay. The disruption of the blood-retina barrier (BRB) was conducted by the Evans blue dye leakage assay. The number of acellular capillaries in the retina was assessed by digesting and hematoxylin-eosin staining assay. The number of retinal leukocyte adhesion was observed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-coupled concanavalin A lectin labeling assay. The serum expression of inflammatory factors was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot experiments were used to detect the expression of relevant proteins in retinal tissue and transcriptional activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). The results revealed that PNS eye drops significantly increased the thickness of the retina, decreased the number of acellular capillaries, and up-regulated the expression of the tight junction proteins claudin-1 and occludin, thereby alleviating BRB damage. In addition, PNS eye drops were also able to significantly reduce leukocyte adhesion and microglia activation, the expression of inflammatory factors in serum, and the nuclear translocation of retinal p65 proteins, effectively inhibiting the occurrence of retinal inflammation. The above results showed that PNS eye drops played a role in improving NPDR by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and reducing inflammation.