The chemical constituents of Commiphora myrrha was investigated by column chromatography on silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, MS, NMR, as well as ECD calculation. Seven compounds were isolated from the dichloromethane-soluble fraction of C. myrrha and their structures were identified as(1S,2R,4S,5R,8S)-guaiane-2-hydroxy-7(11),10(15)-dien-6-oxo-12,8-olide(1), commipholide E(2), myrrhterpenoid H(3), myrrhterpenoid I(4), myrrhterpenoid E(5), 2α-methoxy-8α-hydroxy-6-oxogermacra-1(10),7(11)-dien-8,12-olide(6), 8,12-epoxy-1α,9α-hydroxy-eudesma-7,11-diene-6-dione(7). Compound 1 was a new compound and named myrrhterpenoid P. Compound 7 was isolated from Commiphora genus for the first time. Compounds 2, 5, and 6 significantly inhibited nitric oxide(NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, with IC_(50) values of(49.67±4.16),(40.80±1.27),(47.22±0.87) μmol·L~(-1), respectively [indomethacin as the positive control, with IC_(50) value of(63.92±2.60) μmol·L~(-1)].
Commiphora/chemistry* ; Animals ; Mice ; Resins, Plant/chemistry* ; Sesquiterpenes/isolation & purification* ; Molecular Structure ; Nitric Oxide ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology*

The chemical components of Carthami Flos were investigated by using macroporous resin, silica gel column chromatography, reversed-phase octadecylsilane(ODS) column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The planar structures of the compounds were established based on their physicochemical properties and ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis), infrared(IR), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopic technology. The absolute configurations were determined by comparing the calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism(ECD). Six flavonoid C-glycosides were isolated from the 30% ethanol elution fraction of macroporous resin obtained from the 95% ethanol extract of Carthami Flos, and identified as saffloquinoside F(1), 5-hydroxysaffloneoside(2), iso-5-hydroxysaffloneoside(3), isosafflomin C(4), safflomin C(5), and vicenin 2(6). Among these, the compounds 1 to 3 were new chalcone C-glycosides. The compounds 1, 2, 4, and 5 could significantly increase the viability of H9c2 cardiomyocytes damaged by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R) at a concentration of 50 μmol·L~(-1), showing their good cardioprotective activity.
Glycosides/pharmacology* ; Flowers/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Carthamus tinctorius/chemistry* ; Chalcones/pharmacology* ; Animals

Objective To observe the improvement of motor dysfunction and serum levels of C-reactive protein(CRP),blood glucose and blood lipid in post-stroke patients treated with scalp acupuncture at different needle retention time.Methods A total of 120 patients with motor dysfunction after stroke were randomly divided into control group,observation group 1 and observation group 2,with 40 cases in each group.The patients in the 3 groups were treated with scalp acupuncture,body acupuncture and routine rehabilitation exercise,once a day and 6 times a week,lasting for 2 weeks.The control group was given scalp acupuncture with retaining of needles for 30 minutes,the observation group 1 was given scalp acupuncture with retaining of needles for one hour,and the observation group 2 was given scalp acupuncture with retaining of needles for 2 hours.Before and after treatment,the 3 groups were observed in the changes of the scale scores of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FM A),Berg Balance Scale(BBS)and modified Barthel Index(MBI),and the levels of laboratory indicators of peripheral blood CRP,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C).After treatment,the clinical safety of the three groups was evaluated.Results(1)After treatment,the scale scores of NIHSS in the three groups were lower(P＜0.01)and the scale scores FMA,BBS and MBI were higher than those before treatment(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The comparison of post-treatment scale scores showed that the differences among the three groups were statistically significant(P＜0.01).The intergroup comparison showed that the decrease of NIHSS score and the increase of FMA,BBS and MBI scores in the observation group 2 were significantly superior to those in the control group and the observation group 1(P＜0.01);the improvement of FMA score in the observation group 1 was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01),while the improvement of NIHSS,BBS and MBI scores tended to be superior to that in the control group without statistically significant differences(P＞0.05).The results indicated that the curative effect of scalp acupuncture plus exercise regimen was positively correlated with the duration of needle retention for scalp acupuncture.(2)After treatment,the laboratory indicator levels of CRP and FPG in the peripheral blood of the three groups,the levels of TG and LDL-C in the two observation groups and the level of HDL-C in the observation group 2 were improved compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Statistically significant differences were presented in the post-treatment levels of CRP and TG in peripheral blood among the three groups(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The intergroup comparison showed that the improvement of CRP and TG levels in the observation group 2 was significantly superior to that in the control group,and the improvement of CRP level in the observation group 2 was significantly superior to that in the observation group 1,the differences being statistically significant(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The TC level in the three groups after treatment did not differ from that before treatment,and there was no significant difference in TC level after treatment among the three groups either(P＞0.05).(3)During the treatment,no adverse reactions such as fainting,needle breaking and hematoma occurred in the three groups,the vital signs of the patients were stable,and there were no obvious abnormal changes in pulse,blood pressure and respiratory rate.Conclusion Scalp acupuncture can effectively improve the motor function of post-stroke patients in a pasitive time-effect relationship with the needle retention,and better the curative effect can be achieved by retaining of the needle for 2 h.

The detection of cancer markers is of great significance for the early diagnosis and subsequent treatment of cancer.However,the existing traditional detection methods have some limitations,especially in the early stages of cancer,thus is often difficult to detect in a timely and accurate manner.As an efficient detection technique,electrochemical sensors can meet the requirement of accurate detection of various cancer markers,provide strong support for early diagnosis of cancer,and have broad application prospects.MXene is a new two-dimensional material,which is widely used in electrochemical sensors because of its unique properties such as high electron transfer ability,high conductivity,large specific surface area,good biocompatibility and hydrophilicity and abundant surface chemical groups,etc.This paper reviewed the applications of electrochemical biosensors based on MXene composites in cancer marker detection in recent years,introduced the function of MXene in electrochemical biosensor,and discussed challenges and future development trends of MXene in the early diagnosis of cancer,aiming to provide reference for early detection of cancer.

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was used to rapidly identify the chemical components in Dracocephalum moldavica, and UPLC was employed to determine the content of its main components. MS analysis was performed using an electrospray ionization(ESI) source and data were collected in the negative ion mode. By comparing the retention time and mass spectra of reference compounds, and using a self-built compound database and the PubChem database, 68 compounds were identified from D. moldavica, including 36 flavonoids, 22 phenylpropanoids, 4 phenols, and 6 other compounds. On this basis, a UPLC quantitative method was established to simultaneously determine 8 main components, i.e., luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, rosmarinic acid, diosmetin-7-O-glucuronide, tilianin, acacetin-7-O-glucuronide, acacetin-7-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-glucoside, and acacetin. A Waters ACQUITY BEH C_(18) column(2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) was used, with acetonitrile and a water solution containing 0.1% formic acid and 0.1% phosphoric acid as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The detection wavelength was set at 330 nm, with a flow rate of 0.4 mL·min~(-1), and the column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃. The 8 components demonstrated good linearity(r≥0.999 9) over a wide mass concentration range(50 or 100 times). The average recovery rate ranged from 97.5% to 105.1%, and the relative standard deviations(RSDs) were 0.90% to 3.4%(n= 6), indicating that the method was simple, accurate, and reliable. In 17 batches of D. moldavica samples, the content of these 8 components ranged from 0.405 to 2.10, 0.063 to 0.342, 0.446 to 2.43, 0.415 to 1.47, 1.57 to 4.34, 0.173 to 0.386, 1.00 to 5.40, and 0.069 to 0.207 mg·g~(-1), respectively. These results indicate significant differences in the internal quality of the samples, highlighting the need for strict quality control to ensure their pharmacodynamic efficacy. This study provides a scientific basis for the rapid discovery of pharmacodynamic substances, comprehensive quality control, and the formulation or revision of quality standards for D. moldavica.
Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Lamiaceae/chemistry* ; Flavonoids/chemistry*

This paper explored the chemical constituents of Boswellia carterii by column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data such as infrared radiation(IR), ultra violet(UV), mass spectrometry(MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). Seven diterpenoids were isolated and purified from n-hexane of B. carterii. The isolates were identified as(1S,3E,7E,11R,12R)-11-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-4,8,12-trimethyl-15-oxabicyclo[10.2.1]pentadeca-3,7-dien-5-one(1),(1R,3S,4R,7E,11E)-4,8,12,15,15-pentamethyl-14-oxabicyclo[11.2.1]hexadeca-7,11-dien-4-ol(2), incensole(3),(-)-(R)-nephthenol(4), euphraticanoid F(5), dilospirane B(6), and dictyotin C(7). Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were new and their absolute configurations were determined by comparison of the calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroisms(ECDs). Compounds 6 and 7 were obtained from B. carterii for the first time.
Molecular Structure ; Boswellia/chemistry* ; Diterpenes/chemistry* ; Mass Spectrometry

In light of related methods in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition), this study established the quality standard for Lobeliae Chinensis Herba. The TLC identification method was established with silica gel GF_(254) thin layer plate, diosmin standard, linarin standard, and the reference material of Lobeliae Chinensis Herba. The loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and ethanol-soluble extracts of 18 batches of Lobeliae Chinensis Herba samples were determined according to the general principles in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Then, HPLC was adopted in the establishment of characteristic chromatogram and content determination. The results showed that the established method can achieve good separation for diosmin, linarin, and lobetyolin. Based on the results of detection for 18 batches of Lobeliae Chinensis Herba samples, the draft quality standard was established, which was expected to provide reference for the revision of this medicinal herb in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/standards* ; Lobelia/chemistry* ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry*

In this study, we analyzed the composition and content of 25 free amino acids in 32 batches of different forms of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum(CCP; one-branched, two-branched, and three-branched) from 15 producing areas. The clustering analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were performed based on the content of 25 free amino acids. Potential differential metabolites were identified based on VIP value. The results showed that there were 25 free amino acids in CCP, and the average content of essential, non-essential, and total amino acids was 6.13, 32.99, and 39.12 mg·g~(-1), respectively. The clustering analysis and OPLS-DA demonstrated that 25 free amino acids had different content among the three forms of CCP, of which two-branched CCP samples were separately gathered into a group. Five differential components, including glutamic acid, tryptophan, ornithine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and hydroxylysine, were screened out as potential quality markers for the identification of different forms of CCP. This study provides a theoretical basis for the quality evaluation, processing, and utilization of different forms of CCP.
Amino Acids/analysis* ; Animals ; Cornus ; Deer ; Gastropoda ; Glutamic Acid

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of the combined treatment with electroacupuncture (EA) and intradermal needling on simple obesity and explore its underlying effect mechanism. METHODS: A total number of 116 patients with simple obesity were randomized into an observation group (58 cases, 3 cases dropped off and 2 cases removed) and a control group (58 cases, 4 cases dropped off and 1 cases removed). Patients in the control group received EA at Zhongwan (CV 12), Quchi (LI 11), Zusanli (ST 36), Pishu (BL 20), Weishu (BL 21), etc., for 30 min each time. On the base of the intervention as the control group, the patients in the observation group received the intradermal needling at Tianshu (ST 25), Daheng (SP 15), Zusanli (ST 36), Shangjuxu (ST 37), Quchi (LI 11), Pishu (BL 20) and Weishu (BL 21). In each group, the intervention was given once every two days, 3 times a week, consecutively for 3 months. Before and after treatment, the obesity indexes (body mass [BW], body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage [F%], adiposity [A] and waist circumference [WC]), the serum intestinal lymphatic function-related factors (vascular endothelial growth factor C [VEGF-C], delta-like ligand 4 [DLL4], adrenomedullin [ADM]), blood lipid (total cholesterol [TC], triglyceride [TG] and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C]), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were observed in the patients of both groups; and the efficacy was assessed. RESULTS: The effective rate was 88.7% (47/53) in the observation group, higher than 71.7% (38/53) in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, except FPG in the control group, BW, BMI, F%, A, WC, and the concentrations of serum VEGF-C, DLL4 and ADM, as well as TC, TG, LDL-C, FBG, FINS and HOMA-IR were all reduced compared with those before treatment in both groups (P<0.05). The reduction ranges of BW, BMI, F%, A, WC, and the concentrations of serum VEGF-C, DLL4 and ADM, and TC, LDL-C, FINS and HOMA-IR in the observation group were all larger than those in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Electroacupuncture combined with intradermal needling can reduce body weight and lipid, and improve insulin resistance in treatment of simple obesity, which is achieved probably through inhibiting lymphangiogenesis and promoting lymphatic endothelial permeability.
Acupuncture Points ; Blood Glucose/metabolism* ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Electroacupuncture ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Intestines ; Lipids ; Lymphocytes ; Obesity/therapy* ; Obesity, Morbid ; Triglycerides ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C

Eight sesquiterpenoids were isolated from petroleum ether extract of Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum by various column chromatography techniques including silica gel, ODS, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties, UV, IR, MS, and NMR spectroscopic data as(4S,5S,7R,10S)-5,7-dihydroxy-11-en-eudesmane(1),(7R,10S)-eudesma-4-en-11,15-diol(2),(2R,4S,5R,7R)-2-hydroxyeremophila-9,11-dien-8-one(3), 7α-H-9(10)-ene-11,12-epoxy-8-oxoeremophilane(4),(+)-9β,10β-epoxyeremophila-11(13)-en(5), 4(14)-eudesmene-8α,11-diol(6), 12,15-dioxo-selina-4,11-dien(7), and 2β,8 aα-dihydroxy-11-en-eremophilane(8). Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds, and their absolute configurations were determined by calculating ECD. Compounds 1, 4, and 6-8 could significantly improve taurocholic acid(TCA)-induced gastric mucosal GES-1 cell injury at a concentration of 20 μmol·L~(-1), and the cell protection rates were 23.51%±2.79%, 16.10%±1.25%, 24.45%±4.89%, 17.48%±2.93%, and 21.44%±2.39%, respectively.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Sesquiterpenes/chemistry*