Objective To investigate the differences in demographic characteristics,reproductive health status,and the distribution of pregnancy-related diseases between couples conceived via assisted reproductive technology(ART)and naturally conceived couples,and to analyze the impact of ART treatment on the incidence of preterm birth(PTB)in singleton and twin and multiple pregnancies.Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of the maternal and infant cohort data of Jing'an District from 2013 to 2020.Based on the conception method,the subjects were categorized into two groups:the ART group and the natural conception group.Chi-square test was applied to compare baseline characteristics and disease distributions differences between the two groups,and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between ART and the PTB risks.A causal mediation model was used to evaluate the mediating effect of twin and multiple pregnancy in the relationship between ART and PTB.Results A total of 117 717 parturients were included,6 265 in the ART group and 111 452 in the natural conception group.Compared with the natural conception group,couples in the ART group were significantly older and had a higher prevalence of reproductive system diseases.The incidences of diabetes and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy in ART parturient were 13.76%and 9.99%,respectively,which were significantly higher than 7.88%and 4.75%in the natural conception group(both P<0.001).The overall PTB rate in the ART group was 14.81%,higher than 5.35%in the natural conceptions group(P<0.001).The PTB rate in ART for singleton pregnancies in the ART group was 6.40%,higher than 4.83%in the natural conception group(P<0.001),while the PTB rate in ART for twin and multiple pregnancies in the ART group was 53.97%,lower than 60.42%in the natural conception group(P<0.05).Mediation analysis showed that 97.99%of the effect of ART on PTB was mediated by twin and multiple pregnancy,with ART increasing the PTB risk by 3.44 times through multiple pregnancy.Conclusion The overall PTB rate of ART recipients is higher than that of natural recipients,but ART does not increase the PTB risk in singleton and twin and multiple pregnancies.Twin and multiple pregnancy is the key mediating factor contributing to PTB in ART-conceived recipients.Compared with naturally conceived couples,ART conception couples own more advanced maternal age,and have higher risks of suffering gestational diabetes,gestational hypertension,and PTB.

Aim To study the effect of evodiamine(EVO)regulating forkhead box protein Ml(FOXM1)on the proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer-resistant cells HCT8/5-FU.Methods CCK-8 assay and EdU assay were used to detect the effect of EVO on cell proliferation ability.Clone formation assay was employed to detect the effect of EVO on the clone for-mation ability of cells.Flow cytometric counting was applied to detect apoptosis.Western blot was utilized to detect the expression of cellular Bcl-2,Bax,FOXM1,β-catenin,c-MYC,and CyclinD1;Molecular docking was used to explore the EVO-FOXM1 interac-tion.Nude mouse transplant tumor model was estab-lished to validate the effect of EVO on HCT8/5-FU cells in vivo.Results CCK-8 assay showed that EVO inhibited the proliferation of HCT8/5-FU cells in a time-and concentration-dependent manner.EdU assay found that the newly proliferated cells in the EVO-trea-ted group were significantly reduced.The results of the clone formation assay showed that EVO inhibited the clone-forming ability of HCT8/5-FU cells.Flow cyto-metric counting found that apoptosis rate of the cells in the EVO group significantly increased.Western blot showed that FOXM1 and β-catenin were significantly highly expressed in HCT8/5-FU cells,and EVO down-regulated the expression of FOXM1,β-cateniin,c-MYC,CyclinD1,and Bcl-2,and up-regulated the ex-pression of Bax.Molecular docking revealed strong in-teractions between EVO and FOXM1.The in vivo ex-perimental results demonstrated that EVO exerted a substantial inhibitory effect on the growth of subcutane-ously implanted HCT8/5-FU xenograft tumors and regulated the expression of related proteins.HE stai-ning revealed significant nuclear consolidation and fragmentation of tumor cells in the EVO group.Con-clusions The findings suggest that EVO could sup-press the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway through a mechanism involving the downregulation of FOXM1 protein expression,thus inhibiting the prolifer-ation of HCT8/5-FU cells and induce their apoptosis.

AIM To observe the protective effects and mechanism of Shuli Jiangzhuo Formula on cardiac function in a rat model of uremic cardiomyopathy(UCM).METHODS The successful UCM models established by 5/6 nephrectomy were randomly allocated into the model group,the valsartan group(8.33 mg/kg),and the low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose Shuli Jiangzhuo Formula groups(7.19,14.38,28.76 g/kg),in contrast to those of the sham operation group,followed by 8 weeks respective drug administration.Upon the completion of the pharmacological intervention,the rats had the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD),ejection fraction(EF)and fractional shortening(FS)measured by echocardiography;the whole heart mass index(HMI)and left ventricular mass index(LVMI)detected;the renal function(serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen)and the hemoglobin concentration detected;the mitochondrial morphology analyzed by observation of cardiomyocyte ultrastructure using transmission electron microscopy;the DNA damage in cardiomyocytes detected by TUNEL staining;the serum levels of IL-1β,IL-18 and BNP detected by ELISA;and the myocardial mRNA and protein expressions of NLRP3,Caspase-1 and IL-1β detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the sham operated controls,the model group demonstrated significant elevation of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen(P＜0.01);decreased hemoglobin concentration(P＜0.01);disorganized myocardial collagen fiber architecture,and pronounced mitochondrial swelling with ultrastructural damage;decreased EF and FS(P＜0.05);increased LVEDD and LVESD(P＜0.01);increased HMI and LVMI(P＜0.01);increased levels of serum IL-1β,IL-18 and BNP(P＜0.01);increased cardiomyocyte pyroptosis(P＜0.01);and enhanced mRNA and protein expressions of NLRP3,Caspase-1 and IL-1 β(P＜0.01).Compared to model group controls,the high-dose Shuli Jiantuo Formula intervention exhibited decreased levels of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen(P＜0.01);increased hemoglobin concentration(P＜0.01);reduced DNA fragmentation,alleviated mitochondrial swelling and mitigated ultrastructural damage;reduced LVEDD and LVESD(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);decreased HMI and LVMI(P＜0.01);downregulated levels of serum IL-1β,IL-18 and BNP(P＜0.01);decreased cardiomyocyte pyroptosis(P＜0.01);and inhibited mRNA and protein expressions of NLRP3,Caspase-1 and IL-1β(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Shuli Jiangzhuo Formula demonstrates dual cardiorenal protective effects in UCM rats through suppression of the left ventricular hypertrophy progression and inhibition of the adverse ventricular remodeling processess.The therapeutic efficacy primarily stems from targeted suppression of NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway activation and substantial attenuation of cardiomyocyte pyroptosis cascade.

Objective To develop a novel type of transparent simulation manikin as a surgical training model to meet the surgical treatment demand on the medical train.Methods A transparent manikin was developed with the steps of basic data collection,motherboard design and manufacture and module production and assembly.Firstly,basic data collection was carried out with reference to standardized human anatomy and parameters.Secondly,some software such as UG NX7.5 was used to construct the motherboard of the manikin.Finally,module production and assembly were performed with the materials of acrylic,transparent rubber,silicone and hydrogel and the technology of silicone infusion.Results The transparent manikin developed had its anatomy structure close to that of the real body and high visuality for its internal and external components,which simulated a variety of war wounds and thus could be integrated with the surgical training scenarios on the medical train effectively.Conclusion The transparent manikin developed is characterized by high visuality,modularity and blood flow,and meets the demands for surgical training on the medical train.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):111-115]

Objective To investigate the ameliorative effects and mechanisms of six types of tea(green tea,cyan tea,red tea,white tea,black tea and yellow tea)on metabolic disorders in obesity mice induced by high-fat diet(HFD).Methods Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 8 groups with 7 mice per group.An HFD-induced obese mouse model was established,and the mice in control group maintained on standard diet followed by intragastric administration of different teas for 5 weeks.The body weight,liver weight ratio,fasting blood glucose,and lipid profile of the mice were measured to assess glucose and lipid metabolism.Serum inflammatory factors including IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)and oxidative stress markers[malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were measured.Additionally,liver histopathology and the expression of key glycolipid metabolism-related genes,adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1(CPT-1),were analyzed to explore underlying mechanisms.Results Cyan tea significantly suppressed weight gain,demonstrating superior weight control.White tea markedly reduced fasting blood glucose levels and decreased the area under the curve of oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)and insulin tolerance test(ITT),indicating synergistic improvements in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.Yellow tea exhibited exceptional anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects,reducing hepatic IL-6 and MDA while enhancing SOD activity.Green tea activated the lipid oxidation pathway by upregulating AMPK/CPT-1 expression.All kinds of tea significantly attenuated hepatic lipid droplet accumulation.Conclusion All six types of tea alleviated metabolic disorders by reducing hepatic fat content in obesity mice.However,different types of tea exert their unique effects on improving metabolic disorders through differential mechanisms such as glucose metabolism regulation,lipid oxidation,and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions.

Objective To explore the imaging findings of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor(AT/RT)in the central nervous sys-tem of children and to improve the understanding of this disease.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the imaging data of 55 children with AT/RT confirmed by pathology.Results Among the 55 AT/RT children,74.5％were under 3 years old,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.5∶1.Intracranial AT/RT appeared hyperdense or slightly hyperdense on CT scans and accompa-nied by calcification or hemorrhage occasionally.32 cases showed peripheral cystic changes in MRI images.38 cases showed heteroge-neous enhancement,9 cases showed ring-like or band-like enhancement.13 cases showed cerebrospinal fluid dissemination.The mean minimum apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)value was(0.61±0.11)× 10-3mm2/s.Spinal AT/RT manifested as solitary or mul-tiple intramedullary and/or extradural lesions on MRI,which showed unclear boundary from the spinal cord.Hemorrhage within or at the edge of the lesion was seen in 2 cases,involvement of nerve roots and adjacent muscle tissues in 3 cases,and cerebrospinal fluid dissemination of the intracranial and spinal cord at varying degrees in 5 cases.Conclusion The imaging findings of pediatric AT/RT in the central nervous system are diverse,combining imaging characteristics with age of onset facilitates the accurate diagnosis.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the correlation of cerebral perfusion and cognitive function status in patients with minor stroke(MS)or transient ischemic attack(TIA)complicated by severe intracranial arterial stenosis or occlusion(hereafter referred to as ICAS-MSTIA).Methods Retrospectively enrol consecutive ICAS-MSTIA patients admitted to the Department of Neurology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,from June 2023 to May 2024.In the meantime,healthy controls were openly recruited.The ICAS-MSTIA patients were divided into two groups based on the side of intracranial large artery stenosis or occlusion:the left intracranial large artery involvement group and the right intracranial large artery involvement group.All patients with intracranial large artery stenosis or occlusion underwent MR scanning within 2 weeks after the first episode of TIA or MS,while there was no specific time requirement for MR examination in the healthy control group.On the day of MR scanning,the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scale was used to evaluate the participants'global cognitive function and performance in various cognitive domains,including visuospatial/executive function,naming,attention,language,abstraction,delayed recall,and orientation.General information of all participants was collected,including age,sex,educational level,body mass index,and history of smoking and alcohol consumption.Clinical data were collected from both left and right intracranial large artery involvement groups,including cerebrovascular risk factors(such as,diabetes mellitus,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia),National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)score at admission,responsible stenotic or occluded arteries(internal carotid artery,middle cerebral artery),degree of stenosis in the responsible vessel(severe stenosis[stenosis rate 70%-99%],occlusion[stenosis rate100%])and non-responsible vessel(no stenosis[0],mild stenosis[stenosis rate＞0-49%]),collateral circulation compensation(American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology[ASTIN/SIR]collateral circulation classification),and responsible events(TIA,MS).General data and MoCA scale scores were compared across the three groups,while clinical data were compared between the left and right intracranial large artery involvement groups.Statistical parametric mapping 12(SPM 12)was used to perform voxel-wise independent samples t-tests on cerebral blood flow(CBF)differences among the left ICAS-MSTIA group,right ICAS-MSTIA group,and healthy control group,with cluster-level family-wise error(FWE)correction applied for adjustment.Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between global CBF values and total MoCA scores in ICAS-MSTIA patients with left or right intracranial large artery involvement.Results A total of 33 ICAS-MSTIA patients and 33 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.Among the ICAS-MSTIA patients,21 had left intracranial large artery involvement and 12 had right involvement.(1)Among the three groups,statistically significant differences were observed in the proportions of individuals with reported smoking history(P=0.024)and alcohol consumption history(P=0.011).The left intracranial large artery involvement group had a higher NIHSS score(0[0,2]vs.0[0,0],P=0.044)and a higher proportion of patients with internal carotid artery involvement(13/21 cases vs.2/12 cases,P=0.027)compared with the right side group.No statistically significant differences were observed in other general or clinical data across the three groups or between the two non-control groups(all P＞0.05).(2)Statistically significant differences were found across the three groups in the MoCA scale total score and scores of visuospatial/executive function,attention,language,abstraction,delayed recall,and orientation cognitive domains(all P＜0.05),while no significant difference was noted in the naming score(P=0.063).The left intracranial large artery involvement group had lower total MoCA score and lower scores in visuospatial/executive function,attention,language,abstraction,delayed recall,and orientation in comparison to the healthy control group(all P＜0.016 7).The right intracranial large artery involvement group had significantly lower scores in language,abstraction,and orientation domains than the healthy control group(all P＜0.016 7).Additionally,the left side group had a lower attention domain score than the right side group(P＜0.016 7).No other statistically significant differences were found in pairwise comparisons(all P＞0.016 7).(3)Patients in both the left and right intracranial large artery involvement groups exhibited a significant decrease in CBF in extensive regions on the affected side,including the temporal lobe,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,and occipital lobe.Furthermore,after correction,in the left involvement group CBF was higher in the contralateral lingual gyrus,cuneus,and calcarine sulcus compared with the healthy control group(P＜0.05).While in the right involvement group,no regions had increased CBF compared to the healthy control group.(4)Multiple linear regression showed positive correlation between CBF in ipsilateral precentral gyrus and superior temporal gyrus,and the total MoCA score in patients with left intracranial large artery involvement(FWE-corrected,P＜0.05).In contrast,there was no correlation between CBF and total MoCA score in patients with right intracranial large artery involvement.Conclusions ICAS-MSTIA patients exhibited various degrees of impairment in cerebral perfusion and cognitive function.A significant positive correlation is observed between these two impairments in patients with left intracranial large artery involvement.

Objective To investigate the differences in demographic characteristics,reproductive health status,and the distribution of pregnancy-related diseases between couples conceived via assisted reproductive technology(ART)and naturally conceived couples,and to analyze the impact of ART treatment on the incidence of preterm birth(PTB)in singleton and twin and multiple pregnancies.Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of the maternal and infant cohort data of Jing'an District from 2013 to 2020.Based on the conception method,the subjects were categorized into two groups:the ART group and the natural conception group.Chi-square test was applied to compare baseline characteristics and disease distributions differences between the two groups,and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between ART and the PTB risks.A causal mediation model was used to evaluate the mediating effect of twin and multiple pregnancy in the relationship between ART and PTB.Results A total of 117 717 parturients were included,6 265 in the ART group and 111 452 in the natural conception group.Compared with the natural conception group,couples in the ART group were significantly older and had a higher prevalence of reproductive system diseases.The incidences of diabetes and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy in ART parturient were 13.76%and 9.99%,respectively,which were significantly higher than 7.88%and 4.75%in the natural conception group(both P<0.001).The overall PTB rate in the ART group was 14.81%,higher than 5.35%in the natural conceptions group(P<0.001).The PTB rate in ART for singleton pregnancies in the ART group was 6.40%,higher than 4.83%in the natural conception group(P<0.001),while the PTB rate in ART for twin and multiple pregnancies in the ART group was 53.97%,lower than 60.42%in the natural conception group(P<0.05).Mediation analysis showed that 97.99%of the effect of ART on PTB was mediated by twin and multiple pregnancy,with ART increasing the PTB risk by 3.44 times through multiple pregnancy.Conclusion The overall PTB rate of ART recipients is higher than that of natural recipients,but ART does not increase the PTB risk in singleton and twin and multiple pregnancies.Twin and multiple pregnancy is the key mediating factor contributing to PTB in ART-conceived recipients.Compared with naturally conceived couples,ART conception couples own more advanced maternal age,and have higher risks of suffering gestational diabetes,gestational hypertension,and PTB.

Objective:The relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and the oxidative balance score(OBS)will be discussed in this study.Methods:The clinical data on 16 dimensions of diet and 4 dimensions of lifestyle from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)from 2001 to 2008 were used to calculate OBS.We considered BPH as the out-come and investigated the linear and nonlinear relationships between the two.Additionally,subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted as well.Furthermore,the methods of machine learning including XGBoost,support vector machine(SVM)and naive Bayes(NB)were used to establish a predictive model for BPH.Results:Higher OBS was consistently associated with an increased preva-lence of BPH,with Restricted Cubic Splines highlighting a significant positive nonlinear association(P=0.015).Subgroup analyses revealed differences and interactive relationships based on alcohol consumption.Among the seven machine learning models that we in-cluded the OBS score in,the XGBoost model emerged as the best,with an AUC value of 0.769.Conclusion:There is a significant association between OBS and the prevalence of BPH in the American population,which provides a valuable insight for further diagnosis and research of the disease.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),commonly utilized analgesics,are extensively employed for managing pain associated with musculoskeletal disorders or injuries.Recent clinical studies have demonstrated a heightened risk of bone stress injuries(BSI)in soldiers and athletes,particularly during high-intensity training,due to NSAID usage.Furthermore,the impact of NSAIDs on fracture healing is well-documented;however,the precise mechanism by which their use during training contributes to an increased incidence of stress bone injuries remains unclear.This article aims to summarize potential mechanisms through an extensive review of domestic and international literature in order to standardize the utilization and clinical management of NSAIDs,optimize pain management strategies,and prevent stress bone injuries or fractures in specific populations such as soldiers and elite athletes.