OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell（AMSC） on acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in xenotransplatation. METHODS: NPG mice were injected with human PBMNC via tail vein to establish a xenografted aGVHD model. The mice in the experimental group were divided into PBMNC infusion group and PBMNC+AMSC co-infusion group, the general condition, survival time and manifestations of aGVHD were observed, the body weight and blood routine indicators were detected, the pathological changes of aGVHD target organs (lung, liver, spleen, small intestine) were observed by HE staining, and the levels of human T cells in peripheral blood, tissues and organs of mice was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The manifestations of aGVHD (lassitude hunchback, shrub, weight reduction, etc.) and the pathological damage of the target organs (lung, liver, spleen, intestine) in PBMNC+AMSC co-infusion group were lighter than those in PBMNC infusion group. Moreover, the PBMNC and AMSC co-infusion significantly reduced the implantion proportion of human T lymphocytes (CD3, CD45) in mice and increased the ratio of CD4/CD8. CONCLUSION Infusion of human-derived AMSC can attenuate the manifestations of aGVHD in mouse xenografts to a certain level, and improve the pathological damage of receptor target organs.

The chemical constituents of Rehmanniae Radix Preparatawere prepared according to the traditional method of "jiu zheng jiu shai" and investigated using multiple chromatographic methods. Six alkaloids were isolated and their structures were elucidated from spectral data and physicochemical properties, as follows: rehmanniae alkaloid A (4-{[(5-O-á-D-galactopyranosyloxy)methyl]-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde-1-yl}butyric acidmethyl ester) (1), baimantuoluoamide B (2), capparisine C (3), harman-3-carboxylic acid (4), (2S)-1-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate (5), and 1-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl]pyrrolidin-2-one (6). Among them, compound 1 is a new alkaloid. Compounds 2-6 were newly isolated from Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.The effect of compounds 1-6 on NRK-52e cell injury induced by LPS was investigated. The results show that compounds 1-3 exhibit protective effects against LPS-induced damage to NRK-52e cells.

Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HAP) is a key factor affecting the clinical prognosis of critically ill patients undergoing long-term mechanical ventilation.In the past, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was an important mean of monitoring complications of ventilator-associated infection, but it is highly controversial because of its high subjectivity, low specificity and poor sensitivity.Therefore, the definition of ventilator-associated event (VAE) was proposed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of USA in 2013, the monitoring definition adopts objective and quantitative criteria, which can better predict the clinical outcomes of patients.This paper summarizes the research progress of VAE in recent years, and provides some new ideas for better prevention and control of VAE.

Objective To compare the diagnostic value of fluorescent staining versus KOH wet-mount microscopy in detecting superficial fungal infection.Methods Totally,600 specimens from cases of clinically diagnosed superficial fungal infections and 102 from cases of clinically diagnosed Malassezia infection (including 54 cases of pityriasis versicolor and 48 cases of Malassezia folliculitis) were collected from the dermatology clinic of Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University between July 2017 and February 2018.These specimens were subjected to fluorescent staining and KOH wet mount separately followed by direct microscopy,and the positive rate and average time for slide reading were compared between the two methods.Culture served as the gold standard method,and the missed diagnosis rate was compared between the two methods.Statistical analysis was carried out using chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for comparing enumeration data,and paired t test for comparing emeasurement data.Results Of the 600 specimens from clinically diagnosed superficial fungal infection cases,fungi were detected in 546 (91.00％) and 489 (81.50％) by fluorescent staining and KOH wet-mount microscopy respectively (x2 =22.83,P ＜ 0.05).Fluorescent staining showed significantly shorter average reading time (73.67 ± 13.56 s)compared with KOH wet-mount microscopy (87.12 ± 15.83 s,t =14.60,P ＜ 0.05).Among the 54 specimens from pityriasis versicolor cases,fluorescent staining and KOH wet-mount microscopy positive results in 51 (94.44％) and 50 (92.59％) specimens respectively (adjusted x2 =0,P ＞ 0.05),with the average reading time being 38.36 ± 8.79 s and 41.25 ± 15.67 s respectively (t =1.14,P ＞ 0.05).Of the 48 specimens from Malassezia infection cases,43 (89.58％) and 11 (22.92％) specimens were detected to be positive for fungi by fluorescent staining and KOH wet-mount microscopy respectively (x2 =43.34,P ＜ 0.05),and fluorescent staining showed shorter average reading time (42.14 ± 12.61 s) compared with KOH wet-mount microscopy (103.56 ± 9.48 s,t =17.83,P ＜ 0.05).Among the 600 specimens from superficial fungal infection cases,culture yielded fungi in 479.Moreover,476 specimens were found positive by fluorescent staining,and 3 were found negative (0.63％),while KOH wet-mount microscopy showed 465 positive results and 14 negative results (2.92％).There was a significant difference in the missed diagnosis rate between the two methods (x2 =7.25,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with KOH wet-mount microscopy,fluorescent staining can increase the detection rate,reduce missed diagnosis rate and shorten reading time.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the inhibitory effect of extract of Coptidis Rhizoma(ECR) on invasion of Candida albicans hyphae in vitro.XTT reduction method was used to evaluate the metabolic activity of C.albicans.The colony edge growth of C.albicans was observed by solid medium.The growth of C.albicans hyphae was determined on semi-solid medium.The morphology and viability changes of C.albicans hyphae were assessed by scanning electron microscope and fluorescence microscope.qRT-PCR method was used to detect the ALS3 and SSA1 expression of C.albicans invasin genes.The results showed that the metabolic viability by XTT method detected that the activity of C.albicans was gradually decreased under the intervention of 64,128 and 256 mg·L-1 of ECR respectively.128,256 mg·L-1 of ECR significantly inhibited colony folds and wrinkles on solid medium and the hyphal invasion in semi-solid medium.Scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy showed that 128,256 mg·L-1 of ECR could inhibit the formation of C.albicans hyphae.qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of invasin gene ALS3 and SSA1 was down-regulated,and especially 256 mg·L-1 of ECR could down-regulate the two genes expression by 4.8,1.68 times respectively.This study showed that ECR can affect the invasiveness of C.albicans by inhibiting the growth of hyphae and the expression of invasin.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; genetics ; Candida albicans ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fungal Proteins ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; Hyphae ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

Antigens, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Apoprotein(a) ; genetics ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; Endometriosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Endometrium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Mutation, Missense ; genetics ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proprotein Convertase 5 ; genetics ; Salivary Cystatins ; genetics ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; genetics ; Whole Exome Sequencing

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used to lessen symptoms in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, the effects of PPI therapy on the gastrointestinal microbiota in GERD patients remain unclear. We examined the association between the PPI usage and the microbiota present in gastric mucosal and fecal samples from GERD patients and healthy controls (HCs) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. GERD patients taking PPIs were further divided into short-term and long-term PPI user groups. We showed that PPI administration lowered the relative bacterial diversity of the gastric microbiota in GERD patients. Compared to the non-PPI-user and HC groups, higher abundances of Planococcaceae, Oxalobacteraceae, and Sphingomonadaceae were found in the gastric microbiota from the PPI-user group. In addition, the Methylophilus genus was more highly abundant in the long-term PPI user group than in the short-term PPI-user group. Despite the absence of differences in alpha diversity, there were significant differences in the fecal bacterial composition of between GERD patients taking PPIs and those not taking PPIs. There was a higher abundance of Streptococcaceae, Veillonellaceae, Acidaminococcaceae, Micrococcaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae present in the fecal microbiota from the PPI-user group than those from the non-PPI-user and HC groups. Additionally, a significantly higher abundance of Ruminococcus was found in GERD patients on long-term PPI medication than that on short-term PPI medication. Our study indicates that PPI administration in patients with GERD has a significant effect on the abundance and structure of the gastric mucosal microbiota but only on the composition of the fecal microbiota.
Adult ; Aged ; Bacteria ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Feces ; microbiology ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; microbiology ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Microbiota ; Middle Aged ; Proton Pump Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; genetics

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether garlicin post-conditioning can attenuate myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury in a catheter-based porcine model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by affecting adhesion molecules integrin β1/CD29 and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31). METHODS: Twenty-two swine were devided into 3 groups: 6 in a sham-operation group, and 8 each in the model and garlicin groups. AMI porcine model was established in the model and garlicin groups. The distal parts of the left anterior descending coronary artery in the animals of the model and garlicin groups were occluded by dilated balloon for 2 h, followed by reperfusion for 3 h. Garlicin (1.88 mg/kg) was injected over a period of 1 h, beginning just before reperfusion, in the garlicin group. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were carried out to detect mRNA and protein expressions of CD29 and CD31 3 h after reperfusion. RESULTS: Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed a better myocardial structure in the garlicin group after reperfusion. Compared to the model group, garlicin inhibited both the mRNA and protein expression of CD29 and CD31 in reperfusion area and no-reflflow area (P<0.05 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Garlicin post-conditioning induced cardio-protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in this catheter-based porcine model of AMI. The cardio-protective effect of garlicin is possibly owing to suppression of production of CD29 and CD31, by inhibition of the mRNA expression of CD29 and CD31.
Allyl Compounds ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disulfides ; pharmacology ; Integrin beta1 ; analysis ; genetics ; physiology ; Ischemic Postconditioning ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; analysis ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Swine

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the necessity and suitability of the anti-HCV ELISA teot gray zone setted up by 7 blood station laboratories. METHODS: 7 blood station laboratories were coded as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 respectively; 8 kinds of ELISA reagents were coded as A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H respectively. 1 or 2 of 8 ELISA reagents produced by different manufactories were used to detect the anti-HCV in specimens of same group by 7 blood station laboratories; the Westen blot was used to detect the specimens with difference of detected results so as to difine the serological status of specimens. The true positive rate of specimens detected by laboratories and gray zone-comfirined positive rate of specimens were accounted so as to analyze the necessity of setting up the gray zone for anti-HCV ELISA test of 7 blood station laboratories; the optimal cut-off value for anti-HCV ELISA test was determined in 7 blood station laborafories by ROC curve and the changes of sensitivity and specificity of 3 different cut-off value(laboratory work cut-off value, manifactory-recommended cun-off value and optimal cut-off value) were compared so as to analyze the suitability of gray zone for anti-HCV ELISA test in 7 blood station laboratories. RESULTS: The true positive rate detected by 7 blood station laboratories, out of which coded 1 laboratory used 2 kinds of coded A, B reagents was 95.40%(1A), 99.23% (1B), 94.25% (2C), 96.17% (3D), 98.08% (4E), 96.93% (5F), 97.32%(6G) and 93.10%(7H). Except for 2C(94.25%) and 7H(93.10%), the true positive rate detected by laboratoies which not sutted up gray zone, the gray zone-con-firmed positive rate in 6 blood station laboratories setted up gray zone: was 0.00%, 0.00%, 21.43%, 0.00%, 0.00%, 0.00% and 38.89%. The comparison of 3 different cut-off valuces by ROC curve showed that the anti-HCV cut-off values in 5 laboratories(1B, 2C, 4E, 5F and 6G) were as follows: optimal cut-off value＞manufactory recommeded cut-off value＞laboratory work cut-off value, thus use of manufactory-recommeded cut-off value abreadly has reached the high sensitivity requinements for laboratory screening; however, the optimal cut-off value in laboratories 1A, 3B and 7H, thas the appropriate gray zone should be used. In 6 laboratories setting up gray zone, the gensitivity in 3D, 7H laboratories only a little improved (1.60% and 2.70% raspectively) in Eamparison between laboratory work cut-off value and manufactorg-recommeded cut-off value; moreover, the sensitivity in other laboratories not is changed, but the specificity decreased (0.20%-0.50%). CONCLUSION In addition to setting up the appropriate gray zone in laboratories 1A, 3D and 5H, the gray zone in other laboratories may be cancelled. Even in the same laboratory, the setting up the gray zone also should be scientifically assessed, the same scale cannot be blindly used, thus appropniate strategies should be established.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hepatitis C ; Hepatitis C Antibodies ; Humans ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics, drug sensitivity of isolated strains, and risk factors of drug resistance in children with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). METHODS: The clinical characteristics and drug sensitivity of the isolated strains of 246 hospitalized children with IPD in nine grade A tertiary children's hospitals from January 2016 to June 2018 were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 246 children with IPD, there were 122 males and 124 females. Their ages ranged from 1 day to 14 years, and among them, 68 (27.6%) patients were less than 1 year old, 54 (22.0%) patients were 1 to 2 years old, 97 (39.4%) patients were 2 to 5 years old, and 27 (11.0%) patients were 5 to 14 years old. Pneumonia with sepsis was the most common infection type (58.5%, 144/246), followed by bloodstream infection without focus (19.9%, 49/246) and meningitis (15.0%, 37/246). Forty-nine (19.9%) patients had underlying diseases, and 160 (65.0%) had various risk factors for drug resistance. The isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were 100% sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin, 90% sensitive to ertapenem, ofloxacin, and ceftriaxone, but had a low sensitivity to erythromycin (4.2%), clindamycin (7.9%), and tetracycline (6.3%). CONCLUSIONS IPD is more common in children under 5 years old, especially in those under 2 years old. Some children with IPD have underlying diseases, and most of the patients have various risk factors for drug resistance. Pneumonia with sepsis is the most common infection type. The isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae strains are highly sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ertapenem, and ceftriaxone in children with IPD.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Ceftriaxone ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Pneumococcal Infections ; Streptococcus pneumoniae