ObjectiveAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties with communication and social interaction, restricted and repetitive behaviors. Previous studies have indicated that individuals with ASD exhibit early and lifelong attention deficits, which are closely related to the core symptoms of ASD. Basic visual attention processes may provide a critical foundation for their social communication and interaction abilities. Therefore, this study explores the behavior of children with ASD in capturing attention to changes in topological properties. MethodsOur study recruited twenty-seven ASD children diagnosed by professional clinicians according to DSM-5 and twenty-eight typically developing (TD) age-matched controls. In an attention capture task, we recorded the saccadic behaviors of children with ASD and TD in response to topological change (TC) and non-topological change (nTC) stimuli. Saccadic reaction time (SRT), visual search time (VS), and first fixation dwell time (FFDT) were used as indicators of attentional bias. Pearson correlation tests between the clinical assessment scales and attentional bias were conducted. ResultsThis study found that TD children had significantly faster SRT (P<0.05) and VS (P<0.05) for the TC stimuli compared to the nTC stimuli, while the children with ASD did not exhibit significant differences in either measure (P>0.05). Additionally, ASD children demonstrated significantly less attention towards the TC targets (measured by FFDT), in comparison to TD children (P<0.05). Furthermore, ASD children exhibited a significant negative linear correlation between their attentional bias (measured by VS) and their scores on the compulsive subscale (P<0.05). ConclusionThe results suggest that children with ASD have difficulty shifting their attention to objects with topological changes during change detection. This atypical attention may affect the child’s cognitive and behavioral development, thereby impacting their social communication and interaction. In sum, our findings indicate that difficulties in attentional capture by TC may be a key feature of ASD.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of attention bias to aggressive information under self-threat priming in college students with different types of high self-esteem.Methods:A total of 650 college students were selected,and high self-esteem participants were selected through the Self Esteem Scale(SES).Then,43 partic-ipants were selected from different types of high self-esteem(fragile and safe)groups through the Implicit Associa-tion Test(IAT).Each group participated in Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices(SPM)with different difficulty levels to complete self-threat priming,and then completed the spatial cue experiment.When the cue was invalid,the attention bias was obtained according to the variation of the reaction time difference(RTI)between the subjects're-sponses to aggressive words and neutral words.Results:The RTI values of the fragile high self-esteem group were higher under high self-threat priming than that of the secure high self-esteem group(P＜0.01).Under low self-threat priming,there was no significant difference in RTI values among different types of high self-esteem groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Fragile high self-esteem group are more likely to develop attention bias towards aggressive words under high self-threat priming than that of secure high self-esteem group.

Objective:To explore influencing factors of the self-reported brief life quality satisfaction score(Brief-QoL) in patients with acromegaly and understand the persistent low Brief-QoL scores in cases achieving biochemical remission.Methods:This study included 836 acromegaly patients who were hospitalized at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2012 and December 2020. We retrospectively examined how clinical characteristics, biochemical parameters, comorbidities, and symptoms influenced Brief-QoL. Among patients who achieved biochemical remission, differences in clinical symptoms and comorbidities were analyzed between the high and low quality of life groups.Results:Patients with well-controlled biochemical indicators at the last follow-up had generally high Brief-QoL. However, patients with symptoms such as headaches (47.8% in the low-score group vs 14.9% in the high-score group, P<0.001) and joint pain (69.6% in the low-score group vs 19.0% in the high-score group, P<0.001) had low Brief-QoL despite biochemical remission. Receiving combined treatment(52.4% in the low-score group vs 27.5% in the high-score group, P=0.030) and having comorbid diabetes or hyperlipidemia were significant factors leading to decreased quality of life. Conclusion:Brief-QoL is suitable for follow-up of outpatient patients. Early identification of factors affecting quality of life and timely intervention can facilitate the realization of standardized management.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of recombinant human anti-severe acute respiratory syn-drome coronavirus 2(anti-SARS-CoV-2)monoclonal antibody injection(F61 injection)in the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)combined with renal damage.Methods Patients with COVID-19 and renal damage who visited the PLA General Hospital from January to February 2023 were selected.Subjects were randomly divided into two groups.Control group was treated with conventional anti-COVID-19 therapy,while trial group was treated with conventional anti-COVID-19 therapy combined with F61 injection.A 15-day follow-up was conducted after drug administration.Clinical symptoms,laboratory tests,electrocardiogram,and chest CT of pa-tients were performed to analyze the efficacy and safety of F61 injection.Results Twelve subjects(7 in trial group and 5 in control group)were included in study.Neither group had any clinical progression or death cases.The ave-rage time for negative conversion of nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 in control group and trial group were 3.2 days and 1.57 days(P=0.046),respectively.The scores of COVID-19 related target symptom in the trial group on the 3rd and 5th day after medication were both lower than those of the control group(both P＜0.05).According to the clinical staging and World Health Organization 10-point graded disease progression scale,both groups of subjects improved but didn't show statistical differences(P＞0.05).For safety,trial group didn't present any infusion-re-lated adverse event.Subjects in both groups demonstrated varying degrees of elevated blood glucose,elevated urine glucose,elevated urobilinogen,positive urine casts,and cardiac arrhythmia,but the differences were not statistica-lly significant(all P＞0.05).Conclusion F61 injection has initially demonstrated safety and clinical benefit in trea-ting patients with COVID-19 combined with renal damage.As the domestically produced drug,it has good clinical accessibility and may provide more options for clinical practice.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the intervention effect and mechanism of Lycium barbarum leaves on letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) mice. The PCOS model was prepared by letrozole combined with high-fat diet. After successful modeling, 40 mice were randomly divided into PCOS group, positive drug metformin group, low-dose Lycium barbarum leaves group, and high-dose Lycium barbarum leaves group. The corresponding drugs were given by gavage for 29 days. At the end of the experiment, the eyeballs were removed for blood collection and ovarian tissue was collected. The ovarian mass, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), testosterone (T), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol (E₂) levels were measured in each group. The morphology of ovarian tissue was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the oocytes, cystic follicles and corpus luteum were counted. Cecal contents of mice were collected for analysis of intestinal flora composition and differential flora. The animal experiment process was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The results showed that the estrous cycle of PCOS mice was disordered. Compared with the PCOS group, the Lycium barbarum leaves group can significantly reduce the ovarian damage of mice, reduce the number of cystic dilated follicles, and normalize the estrous cycle. After the intervention of Lycium barbarum leaves, the levels of FBG, FINS, T, AMH, LH, FSH and LH/FSH were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while the level of E₂ was significantly increased (P < 0.001). In addition, Lycium barbarum leaves can regulate the disorder of intestinal flora diversity in PCOS mice, increase the abundance of Bacteroidetes, and reduce the abundance of Firmicutes, Ileibacterium, Romboutsia and Faecalibaculum. In summary, Lycium barbarum leaves can play a therapeutic role in PCOS mice by improving insulin resistance, regulating reproductive hormone disorders and gut microbiota imbalance. It provides scientific basis and useful reference for the rational utilization and development of Lycium barbarum leaves.

【Objective】 To analyze the cost and effectiveness of different HIV screening strategies based on multi-center HIV residual risk study, so as to provide reference for blood centers to adopt appropriate HIV testing strategies. 【Methods】 According to the HIV screening and confirmation of blood donors in three blood centers in Anhui Province, the residual risk of different HIV screening strategies was estimated. A decision tree model was established to analyze the cost-effectiveness differences of three different screening strategies under current domestic policies. 【Results】 The residual risk of anti-HIV-1 +2 ELISA, HIV Ag/Ab1+2 ELISA and ELISA+NAT were 1.17×10^-6,0.84×10^-6 and 0.59×10^-6, respectively. According to decision tree model analysis, HIV Ag/Ab1+2 ELISA had a cost-effectiveness advantage over anti-HIV 1+2 ELISA when there was no NAT, but the advantage of HIV Ag/Ab1+2 ELISA disappeared when there was one NAT. The cost of HIV reagents, the cost of HIV treatment and the cost of false positive discarding were sensitive factors of the model. 【Conclusion】 In this area, one anti-HIV 1+2 ELISA combined with one NAT has a cost-effectiveness advantage. Blood centers need to confirm and evaluate the ELISA reagents used before conducting HIV screening. Under the premise of ensuring sensitivity, reagent cost and reagent false positive rate are the key factors.

Juvenile zebrafish were used to screen the active components of Lycii Fructus for improving osteoporosis. The screening results were further verified by zebrafish adult osteoporosis model and the action mechanism was explored. Prednisolone was used as the inducer to build osteoporosis models of juvenile and adult zebrafish, and 9 groups of samples of different extracts and chemical parts of Lycii Fructus were given. Alizarin red staining was applied for observing the scale matrix mineralization and bone resorption. The activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were detected using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP/TRACP) staining. The expressions of bone metabolism-related genes alp, osteoprotectin (opn), osteoblast specific transcription factor (sp7), cathepsin K (ctsk), tracp, and Runt family transcription factor 2b (runx2b) in each group were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that all components of Lycii Fructus improved the formation area of the first vertebrae, the staining light density value, and the number of vertebrae joints in juvenile zebrafish and the Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) treatment group exerted the best effect. In addition, LBP prevented the formation of bone resorption lacunae in zebrafish scales, increased ALP activity, decreased TRAP activity, up-regulated the alp, sp7, and opn genes, and lowered the expressions of ctsk and tracp genes. In conclusion, LBP regulated the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, reduced bone resorption, promoted bone formation and enhanced bone density, which might be the main anti-osteoporosis active fraction of Lycii Fructus. This study provided modern scientific evidence for the scientific connotation of the traditional effect of "strengthening bones and muscles" of Lycii Fructus, provided the reference for the evaluation of the anti-osteoporosis activity of traditional Chinese medicine based on zebrafish adult model, and provided beneficial enlightenment for the bone health needs of the aging society population.

The aim is to study the tissue distribution characteristics of eight effective components in normal rats after oral administration of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS) aqueous extract. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) analysis method was developed and validated for the determination of four flavonoids and four saponins in rat tissue using puerarin and ginsenoside Re as the internal standard (IS), respectively. Tissue samples including the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, muscle, brain, small intestine, and serum, were collected from each rat at 0.5 h, 1.0 h, and 2.0 h after oral administration of ZSS aqueous extract (15 g·kg^-1). All calibration curves exhibited good linearity (r > 0.994 6) over a wide concentration range for all components. The intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSD) at four different levels were both less than 19.77%, and the accuracies (RE) ranged from -19.68% to 19.46%; The extraction recoveries of the eight components ranged from 86.70% to 114.29%, and the matrix effects were from 82.14% to 114.57%. The validated method was successfully applied to the tissue distribution study of the eight components. The levels of swertisin, spinosin, 6‴-feruloylspinosin, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside in the small intestine were highest, then followed by the kidney, heart, and liver. Meanwhile, the levels of jujuboside A (JuA), jujuboside B (JuB), and jujuboside A₁ (JuA₁) in the small intestine were highest, then followed by the lung, spleen, and kidney. The concentrations of betulinic acid in the small intestine were higher than heart, lung, kidney, and liver. The flavonoids and saponins of ZSS with extremely low content could pass through the blood-brain barrier. The research results will provide an experimental basis for explaining the mechanism of nourishing the heart and tranquilizing the mind of ZSS. The animal experimental operations involved in this study followed the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine and passed the animal experimental ethical review (No. 2021DW172).

Objective To investigate the level of serum uric acid in patients with diabetes insipidus (DI),summarize the clinical characteristics of central diabetes insipidus (CDI) patients with hyperuricemia (HUA),and analyze the factors affecting the level of serum uric acid in the patients with CDI. Methods The clinical data of DI patients admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2018 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were assigned into a child and adolescent group (≤ 18 years old) and an adult group (>18 years old) according to their ages.The demographic and biochemical data between two groups of patients with and without HUA were compared.Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to analyze the correlations between serum uric acid level and other factors. Results Among the 420 DI patients,411 patients had CDI (97.9%),including 189 patients with HUA (46.0%).Thirteen (6.9%) out of the 189 CDI patients with HUA presented the disappearance of thirst.The prevalence of HUA in children and adolescents was higher than that in adults (χ²=4.193,P=0.041).The level of serum uric acid in the CDI patients with HUA and disappearance of thirst was higher than those without disappearance of thirst (U=2.593,P=0.010).The multiple linear regression predicted serum creatinine (β=0.472,95%CI=2.451-4.381,P<0.001) and body mass index (β=0.387,95%CI=6.18-12.874,P<0.001) as the independent risk factors of serum uric acid level increment in children and adolescents,while serum creatinine (β=0.361,95%CI=1.016-1.785,P<0.001),body mass index (β=0.208,95%CI=2.321-6.702,P<0.001),triglyceride (β=0.268,95%CI=12.936-28.840,P<0.001),and total cholesterol (β=0.129,95%CI=2.708-22.250,P=0.013) were the independent risk factors in adults. Conclusions The patients with CDI were more likely to have HUA,and the prevalence of HUA in children and adolescents was higher than that in adults.Body mass index,serum creatinine,triglyceride,total cholesterol,and disappearance of thirst were the risk factors for the increased level of serum uric acid in CDI patients.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Uric Acid ; Creatinine ; Retrospective Studies ; Diabetes Insipidus ; Hyperuricemia ; Triglycerides ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus

Objective:To investigate the distribution and molecular characteristics of Yersinia isolated from diarrhea patients in Jiangsu Province. Methods:From 2017 to 2021, the stool samples of diarrhea patients were collected in Tongshan District of Xuzhou City and Dongtai City of Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, where the national active monitoring sites of Yersinia enterocolitica, then Yersinia was isolated; meanwhile, suspected Yersinia strains were collected from sentinel hospitals in the province. The DNA of isolated strains was extracted for whole genome resequencing, and the data were uploaded to the EnteroBase database for Yersinia species identification; the original data were cleaned and processed for 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene polymorphism analysis. Five virulence genes (ail, ystA, ystB, yadA, virF) were scanned through the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and Pathogen Virulence Factor Database (VFDB), and K-mer Tree was constructed and genomic characteristics were analyzed. Results:From 2017 to 2021, a total of 2 058 stool samples from diarrhea patients were collected, and 57 strains of Yersinia were isolated and identified; meanwhile, two Yersinia strains were collected from the sentinel hospital. Compared with EnteroBase database, 51 strains were identified as Yersinia enterocolitica, 4 strains as Yersinia proxima, 1 strain each as Yersinia aleksiciae, Yersinia massiliensis, Yersinia intermedia and Yersinia canariae. The 16S rRNA gene polymorphism analysis showed that all strains were clustered into 3 groups, which could distinguish Yersinia enterocolitica from other Yersinia. Among the 51 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica, 49 strains were virulence genotype Ⅲ(ail-, ystA-, ystB+, yadA-, virF-), two strains were virulence genotype Ⅱ(ail+, ystA+, ystB-, yadA-, virF-); and 8 other Yersinia strains were virulence genotype Ⅳ (ail-, ystA-, ystB-, yadA-, virF-). K-mer analysis could distinguish Yersinia enterocolitica from other Yersinia, JS-XZ-2020001 strain was far away from other Yersinia enterocolitica isolates, and serotype O8 strains were more concentrated. Conclusions:The clinical isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica from diarrhea patients are mainly Yersinia and other Yersinia co-exist in a small amount in Jiangsu Province, two new Yersinia species ( Yersinia proxima and Yersinia canariae) are discovered. The virulence genotype of Yersinia enterocolitica is mainly type Ⅲ. The 16S rRNA gene polymorphism analysis and K-mer analysis can effectively distinguish Yersinia enterocolitica from other Yersinia.