Hepatitis E is the liver inflammation caused by a hepatitis E virus infection.Immunocompetent patients with acute hepatitis E can spontaneously clear the infection,whereas immunosuppressed patients may not be able to clear the hepatitis E virus infection and develop chronic hepatitis.Most patients with hepatitis E are asymptomatic and present only with mild and persistent liver function abnormalities.This article reports a case of hepatitis E in an immunocompetent adult with elevated aminotransferases as the main manifestation.Hepatic fibrosis was detected by hepatic puncture biopsy.This report aims to remind other physicians to evaluate liver fibrosis when encountering acute hepatitis E,especially in patients with chronic liver disease.
Adult ; Humans ; Acute Disease ; Hepatitis E/complications* ; Liver Cirrhosis/etiology*

Aim To explore the influence of demethy-lase fat mass and obesity-related genes(FTO)on the abnormal contractile function of diabetic coronary smooth muscle.Methods Smooth muscle specific FTO knockout mice(FTOSMKO)were prepared by Cre-loxP recombinant technology.They were divided into four groups:control(WT)group,diabetes model group(DM),FTO knockout group(FTOSMKO),and FTOSMKO diabetic group(FTOSMKO-DM),with 15 mice in each group.Diabetic mice were prepared by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ);the remaining mice were injected with an equal amount of citric acid-sodi-um citrate buffer.The effects of 5-HTon the contractile response of coronary artery smooth muscle in the four groups of mice were observed by the technique of small-vessel ring tensiometry.Western blot and Dot blot were used to detect the changes of FTO protein and N6-methyladenine(m6A)methylation modification levels in mouse vascular tissues.Results Compared with the WT group,the DM group had significantly higher blood glucose(P＜0.01)and lower body weight(P＜0.05);the level of FTO protein in aorta of DM group increased(P＜0.01),and the level of m6A methylation modification decreased(P＜0.01).The 5-HT-induced contractile response significantly de-creased in the DM group compared with the WT group(P＜0.01),whereas the contractile response signifi-cantly increased in the FTOSMKO-DM group compared with the DM group(P＜0.01);the non-L-type calci-um channel-mediated vascular smooth muscle contrac-tile response was enhanced in the FTOSMKO-DM group,among which,the contractions induced by 1,4,5-triphosphate inositol receptor(IP3R)and caffeine-ac-tivated ranine receptor(RyR)mediated by sarcoplas-mic reticulum calcium release both significantly in-creased(P＜0.05).Conclusions Specific knock-down of smooth muscle FTO improves coronary artery responsiveness to the vasoconstrictor 5-HT in diabetic mice,which may be related to abnormalities in the FTO-mediated 5-HT receptor signaling pathway.

Aim To explore the influence of demethy-lase fat mass and obesity-related genes(FTO)on the abnormal contractile function of diabetic coronary smooth muscle.Methods Smooth muscle specific FTO knockout mice(FTOSMKO)were prepared by Cre-loxP recombinant technology.They were divided into four groups:control(WT)group,diabetes model group(DM),FTO knockout group(FTOSMKO),and FTOSMKO diabetic group(FTOSMKO-DM),with 15 mice in each group.Diabetic mice were prepared by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ);the remaining mice were injected with an equal amount of citric acid-sodi-um citrate buffer.The effects of 5-HTon the contractile response of coronary artery smooth muscle in the four groups of mice were observed by the technique of small-vessel ring tensiometry.Western blot and Dot blot were used to detect the changes of FTO protein and N6-methyladenine(m6A)methylation modification levels in mouse vascular tissues.Results Compared with the WT group,the DM group had significantly higher blood glucose(P＜0.01)and lower body weight(P＜0.05);the level of FTO protein in aorta of DM group increased(P＜0.01),and the level of m6A methylation modification decreased(P＜0.01).The 5-HT-induced contractile response significantly de-creased in the DM group compared with the WT group(P＜0.01),whereas the contractile response signifi-cantly increased in the FTOSMKO-DM group compared with the DM group(P＜0.01);the non-L-type calci-um channel-mediated vascular smooth muscle contrac-tile response was enhanced in the FTOSMKO-DM group,among which,the contractions induced by 1,4,5-triphosphate inositol receptor(IP3R)and caffeine-ac-tivated ranine receptor(RyR)mediated by sarcoplas-mic reticulum calcium release both significantly in-creased(P＜0.05).Conclusions Specific knock-down of smooth muscle FTO improves coronary artery responsiveness to the vasoconstrictor 5-HT in diabetic mice,which may be related to abnormalities in the FTO-mediated 5-HT receptor signaling pathway.

In the past 20 years, Chinese Medical Association had issued several versions of hepatitis C prevention and treatment guidelines. In the latest guidelines published in 2022, the Chinese Society of Hepatology and the Society of Infectious Diseases for the Chinese Medical Association organized experts to update their recommendations for hepatitis C screening and treatment. The updated key points on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment proposed in the guidelines are now interpreted, aiming to provide reference for more effective clinical application of the guidelines.
Humans ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C/prevention & control* ; Mass Screening ; Asian People

Infusion misdirection syndrome(IMS)is a rare and troublesome intraoperative complication during phacoemulsification cataract surgery, which usually occurs in hydrodissection, phacoemulsification or irrigation/aspiration(I/A). Under the factors of lax zonular fibers, lens dislocation, posterior capsular rupture, the anterior segment crowding, high perfusion pressure, the infusion fluid accumulates in the vitreous cavity or behind the vitreous, leading to intraocular hypertension, shallowness or even disappearance of the anterior chamber and eventually causing the suspension of surgery. It needs to be differentiated from suprachoroidal hemorrhage(SCH), capsular block syndrome(CBS), etc. After intraoperative emergency treatments, such as rest combined with intravenous drip of mannitol, pars plana needle aspiration or vitrectomy, a favorable prognosis can be obtained. This review discusses the pathogenesis, diagnosis, emergency management, prevention and prognosis of IMS during phacoemulsification cataract surgery, with the aim of providing clinical guidance for ophthalmologists.

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the use of computer programs to simulate and extend human intelligence, and has application prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This review focuses on the research status of the screening and diagnosis of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis using artificial intelligence technology, electronic health record data, multi-omics prediction models, image recognition technology based on liver imaging and pathological biopsy, and new drugs research and development, with a view to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment.
Artificial Intelligence ; Biopsy/methods* ; Humans ; Liver/pathology* ; Liver Cirrhosis/pathology* ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology* ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology*

Objective: This study aimed to create a type of CAR-T cells that targets LMP1 antigen and study its immunotherapeutic effect on LMP1-positive hematological malignancies. Methods: To generate LMP1 CAR-T cells, a plasmid expressing LMP1 CAR was created using molecular cloning technology, and T cells were infected with LMP1 CAR lentivirus. The effects of LMP1 CAR-T cells on specific cytotoxicity against LMP1-positive tumor cell lines infected with the EB virus had been confirmed. Results: ① LMP1 protein expressing on EB virus-positive lymphoma cells surface was verified. ② The LMP1 CAR-expressing plasmid was created, and LMP1 CAR-T cells were obtained by infecting T cells with a lentivirus packaging system, with an infection efficiency of more than 80% . ③LMP1 CAR-T cells have a 4∶1 effect-to-target ratio in killing LMP1-positive lymphoma cells. The killing effect of LMP1 CAR-T cells on Raji cells was enhanced after 48 h of coculture, but there was no significant killing effect on Ramos, which are LMP1-negative lymphoma cells. ④After coculture with LMP1-positive lymphoma cells at a ratio of 1∶1 for 5 h, the degranulation effect was enhanced. The proportion of CD107a(+) T cells in the LMP1 CAR-T cell treatment group was significantly higher than that in the vector-T cell group [ (13.25±2.94) % vs (1.55±0.05) % , t=3.972, P=0.017]. ⑤After coculture with LMP1-positive lymphoma cells, the proportion of CD69(+) and CD25(+) T cells in the LMP1 CAR-T cell group was significantly higher than that in vector-T cell group [ (7.40±0.41) % vs (3.48±0.47) % , t=6.268, P=0.003; (73.00±4.73) % vs (57.67±2.60) % , t=2.842, P=0.047]. ⑥After coculture with LMP1-positive lymphoma cells, cytokine secretion in the LMP1 CAR-T cell group was higher than that in the vector-T cell group [interferon-gamma: (703±73) ng/L vs (422±87) ng/L, t=2.478, P=0.068; tumor necrosis factor-alpha: (215±35) ng/L vs (125±2) ng/L, t=2.536, P=0.064]. Conclusion: In this study, we found that the LMP1 protein is only found on the surface of the EBV-positive tumor cell. Simultaneously, we created an LMP1 CAR-expressing plasmid and obtained LMP1 CAR-T cells by infecting T cells with a lentivirus packaging system. Furthermore, we demonstrated that LMP1 CAR-T cells could specifically kill LMP1-positive tumor cells in vitro. The degranulation and activation effects of LMP1 CAR-T cells were enhanced after coculture with LMP1-positive tumor cells, indicating a potential clinical application.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; Lymphoma/therapy* ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Viral Matrix Proteins

Objective: To investigate the effect of CD33-targeted bi-specific and tri-specific T-cell engagers on T-cell proliferation and explore their cytotoxicity on leukemia cells. Methods: The CD33-targeted bi-specific T-cell engager (CD33-BiTE) and tri-specific T-cell engager (CD33-TriTE) expression vectors were successfully constructed and expressed through a eukaryotic cell expression system. CD33-BiTE and CD33-TriTE were purified by affinity chromatography. The effects of CD33-BiTE and CD33-TriTE on T cells were analyzed through in vitro experiments. Results: ① CD33-BiTE and CD33-TriTE were successfully constructed and purified and could compete with flow cytometry antibodies for binding to the target cells. ② After 12 days of co-culture with CD33-BiTE and CD33-TriTE, the number of human T cells were expanded to 33.89±19.46 and 81.56±23.62 folds, respectively. CD33-TriTE induced a stronger proliferation of T cells than CD33-BiTE (P<0.05) . ③ Both CD33-BiTE and CD33-TriTE induced specific dose-dependent cytotoxicity on CD33(+) leukemia cells. ④ Compared to CD33-TriTE, leukemia cells were prone to express PD-L1 when co-cultured with T cells and CD33-BiTE. CD33-TriTE induced powerful cytotoxicity on leukemia cells with high PD-L1 expression. Conclusion: CD33-BiTE and CD33-TriTE expression vectors were constructed, and fusion proteins were expressed in eukaryotic cells. Our results support the proliferative and activating effects of BiTE and TriTE on T cells. Compared to that of CD33-BiTE, CD33-TriTE induced a stronger proliferative effect on T cells and a more powerful cytotoxicity on leukemia cells with high PD-L1 expression.
B7-H1 Antigen/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism* ; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3/pharmacology* ; T-Lymphocytes

Correcting astigmatism safely and effectively has become a crucial part of modern cataract surgery due to the transformation of the surgery into a refractive procedure. The increased predictability and enhanced safety of Toric intraocular lens(IOL)implantation has made it the preferred method of correcting corneal regular astigmatism above 0.75D in cataract surgery. Toric IOL needs to be implanted in a precise axis position to achieve good astigmatism correction. A major cause of toric misalignment is postoperative rotation, which typically occurs soon after surgery. However, large axis misalignment will eliminate the astigmatism corrective effect of Toric IOL, even cause astigmatism in a new axis position. The factors responsible for IOL postoperative rotation are diverse. As a result, profound understanding of the factors is crucial for clinicians to minimize the rotation. Repositioning procedure is generally selected in case of significant rotation and the timing of the procedure is vital. This paper reviewed the influencing factors of IOL rotation postoperatively and its principle of treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the extrinsic regulation mechanism of bone marrow microenvironment in leukemia cells, and investigate the promoting effect of osteoblast niche on the proliferation and self-renewal of leukemia stem cell by up-regulating the expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in leukemia cell. METHODS: The gene expression profiles on leukemia cells derived from AE9a mouse bone marrow endosteum and central bone marrow were determined by RNA sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of IL-1 in AE9a mouse leukemia cells co-cultured with or without osteoblasts in vitro. In addition, qRT-PCR was also used to determine the expression of IL-1 in bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMNC) from 43 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). For leukemia cells co-cultured with osteoblasts or treated with IL-1β, colony forming ability of AE9a leukemia cells was determined by colony formation assay. RESULTS: In AE9a leukemia mouse, RNA-seq data and GSEA showed that the enrichment of the upregulated genes in leukemia cells located in endosteum fell into inflammatory response gene set, among them, IL-1α and IL-1β were significantly higher expressed in AE9a leukemia cells that located osteoblast niche (IL-1α: P<0.001, IL-1β:P<0.001). After AE9a leukemia cells were co-cultured with osteoblasts in vitro, the expression of IL-1α and IL-1β in leukemia cells were increased by 2.5 and 3.5 times respectively. In colony formation assay, the number of colonies was increased significantly after leukemia cells were co-cultured with osteoblasts (P<0.001). In addition, when AE9a leukemia cells were treated with IL-1β, the number of colonies was also increased significantly (P<0.01). In AML patients, BMMNC with high percentage of CD34 positive cells exhibited higher level of IL-1 expression. CONCLUSION Osteoblast niche can promote leukemia cell proliferation and self-renewal through up-regulating the expression of IL-1 in leukemia cells. In AML patients, the expression level of IL-1 was correlated to the percentage of CD34 positive cells in BMMNC.
Animals ; Antigens, CD34/metabolism* ; Bone Marrow/metabolism* ; Cell Proliferation ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism* ; Mice ; Osteoblasts/metabolism* ; Stem Cells ; Tumor Microenvironment