Objective: To investigate the association between habitual reading/writing postures and the co-occurrence of common health conditions (overweight/obesity, visual impairment, hypertension, and scoliosis) and comorbidities among children and adolescents, in order to provide data support for the joint prevention of common diseases and comorbidities among children and adolescents. Methods: From September 2021 to June 2022, a multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select a total of 4 577 children and adolescents from 16 primary and secondary schools in Ningxia: Jinfeng District of Yinchuan City, Shapotou District of Zhongwei City, Yanchi County of Wuzhong City, and Pingluo County of Shizuishan City. A weighted complex sampling design was used to investigate the association of habitual reading and writing postures with common comorbidities in children and adolescents. Results: The prevalence rates of common diseases among children and adolescents in Ningxia were as follows: overweight/obesity was 22.87%, visual impairment was 62.52%, scoliosis was 2.30%, and hypertension was 1.30%. The prevalence of multimorbidity (co-occurrence of ≥2 conditions) among Ningxia children and adolescents was 15.95%. Multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that frequent/always collapsing waist and sitting forward with head lowered increased the risk of common comorbidities in children and adolescents ( OR =1.90, P <0.05). Compared with the corresponding reference group, male children and adolescents aged 9 to 12 years and boys had relatively lower risks of overweight/obesity ( OR =0.71, 0.70); the risk of poor vision among children and adolescents aged 9 to 12 years, male, and urban was relatively low ( OR =0.59, 0.60, 0.73)( P < 0.05 ). Children and adolescents who often/always sat leaning to the left or right were at higher risk of poor vision ( OR =1.78); urban children and adolescents had a higher risk of developing scoliosis ( OR =3.71); children and adolescents aged 9 to 12 had a relatively low risk of developing hypertension ( OR =0.09), and children and adolescents who often/always bent their backs and sat forward on their knees had a higher risk of hypertension ( OR =5.03)( P <0.05). Conclusions Ningxia has a high incidence of common diseases and multiple diseases among children and adolescents, frequent or always collapsing waist and sitting forward with head lowered is associated with common comorbidities in children and adolescents in Ningxia. Proper postural measures for reading and writing should be carried out as soon as possible to encourage children and adolescents to develop good reading and writing habits for effectively preventing and controlling the occurrence of common diseases.

Objective: To analyze the status and correlation between screen time, screen behavior type, and anxiety, depression among children and adolescents in Jiangxi Province, so as to provide a basis for effective intervention measures. Methods: Using the method of stratified random sampling, 8 851 primary and secondary school students in 11 districts of Jiangxi Province were investigated by questionnaire during September to December in 2020. Anxiety and depression status were investigated using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children(CES-DC), respectively. Single factor analysis using χ 2-test, t-test,analysis of variance,and multivariate analysis using generalized linear models. Results: On school days and weekends, 4.7% and 20.4% of primary and secondary school students in Jiangxi Province had a total screen time of over 2 hours per day, respectively. The weighted scores of the total screen time (primary school students: 1.88± 0.68, junior middle school students: 1.96±0.71, high school students: 2.03±0.80) and time spent for playing video games (primary school students: 1.51±0.64, junior middle school students: 1.62±0.69, high school students: 1.68±0.75) daily showed an upward trend with the increase of educational stage ( F =31.48, 42.13), and with significantly higher in boys (1.97±0.74, 1.66± 0.72) than girls (1.93±0.72, 1.53±0.66)( t =2.48, 9.07)( P <0.05). The average scores of state anxiety and trait anxiety were (42.20±9.05) and (40.65±9.85), which showed an upward trend with the increase of educational stage ( F =168.12, 241.98 ), and were higher in girls than boys ( t =6.63, 8.48)( P <0.01). The average score of depression was (11.99±11.00), which was lower in elementary school students than middle school students and high school students ( F =136.42), with significantly higher in girls ( t =6.85)( P <0.01). On school days, with the increase of total screen time and time spent for playing video games daily, the risk of state anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression among primary and secondary school students significantly increased ( OR = 6.70- 818.98, P <0.01). On weekends, among primary and secondary school students, the total screen time of >1-2 hours daily reduced the risk of state anxiety ( OR =0.30). The risk of developing trait anxiety among students playing video games for more than 2 hours daily was 2.50 times higher than those without screen behavior ( OR =2.50). The risk of developing depression with a total screen time of more than 2 hours daily was 3.15 times higher those whithout screen behavior ( OR =3.15). The risk of developing depression among students playing video games >0-1, >1-2, >2 h daily was 2.14, 2.50, 4.90 times that of those without screen behaviors ( OR =2.14, 2.50, 4.90), and showed an upward trend with the increase of educational stage ( P <0.05). Conclusions Screen behaviors of primary and middle school students in Jiangxi Province are positively associated with the risk of anxiety and depression, but the total daily video time of >1-2 h on weekends was negatively associated with state anxiety. It is necessary to control the screen time as much as possible and reduce the risk of anxiety and depression.

Objective To investigate the relationship between nuclear factor(NF)-κB signaling pathway and gender differences in alcoholic liver fibrosis. Methods C57BL/6 N mice at 7-8 weeks of age were randomly divided into: male normal group, male model group, female normal group and female model group of 20 mice each. The normal group was fed with control liquid diet for 8 weeks, and the model group was fed with alcoholic liquid diet for 8 weeks combined with 31.5% ethanol gavage (5g/kg twice a week) to establish an alcoholic liver fibrosis model. The mice were executed at the end of 8 weekends, and the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, estradiol (E

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the periodontal tissues triggered by bacterial biofilm, leading to manifestations such as gingival bleeding, tooth mobility, and eventual exfoliation. Neutrophils exhibit a dual role throughout the course of periodontitis, both in defense against pathogens and in potentially detrimental effects on periodontal tissues. This article elucidates the intricate mechanisms underlying the dual functions of neutrophils in periodontitis, including respiratory burst, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, degranulation, and phagocytosis. By providing a comprehensive understanding of neutrophils involvement in periodontitis, this study aims to empower clinicians with insights into the pathogenesis of periodontitis, thereby fostering novel strategies for its prevention and treatment.

Objective:To investigate the safety and therapeutic effect of split liver transplantation (SLT) in clinical application.Methods:This is a retrospective case-series study. The clinical data of 203 consecutive SLT, 79 living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and 1 298 whole liver transplantation (WLT) performed at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from July 2014 to July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Two hundred and three SLT liver grafts were obtained from 109 donors. One hundred and twenty-seven grafts were generated by in vitro splitting and 76 grafts were generated by in vivo splitting. There were 90 adult recipients and 113 pediatric recipients. According to time, SLT patients were divided into two groups: the early SLT group (40 cases, from July 2014 to December 2017) and the mature SLT technology group (163 cases, from January 2018 to July 2023). The survival of each group was analyzed and the main factors affecting the survival rate of SLT were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were used for survival analysis.Results:The cumulative survival rates at 1-, 3-, and 5-year were 74.58%, 71.47%, and 71.47% in the early SLT group, and 88.03%, 87.23%, and 87.23% in the mature SLT group, respectively. Survival rates in the mature SLT group were significantly higher than those in the early SLT group ( χ2=5.560, P=0.018). The cumulative survival rates at 1-, 3- and 5-year were 93.41%, 93.41%, 89.95% in the LDLT group and 87.38%, 81.98%, 77.04% in the WLT group, respectively. There was no significant difference among the mature SLT group, the LDLT group and the WLT group ( χ2=4.016, P=0.134). Abdominal hemorrhage, infection, primary liver graft nonfunction,and portal vein thrombosis were the main causes of early postoperative death. Conclusion:SLT can achieve results comparable to those of WLT and LDLT in mature technology liver transplant centers, but it needs to go through a certain time learning curve.

Objective:To investigate the safety and therapeutic effect of split liver transplantation (SLT) in clinical application.Methods:This is a retrospective case-series study. The clinical data of 203 consecutive SLT, 79 living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and 1 298 whole liver transplantation (WLT) performed at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from July 2014 to July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Two hundred and three SLT liver grafts were obtained from 109 donors. One hundred and twenty-seven grafts were generated by in vitro splitting and 76 grafts were generated by in vivo splitting. There were 90 adult recipients and 113 pediatric recipients. According to time, SLT patients were divided into two groups: the early SLT group (40 cases, from July 2014 to December 2017) and the mature SLT technology group (163 cases, from January 2018 to July 2023). The survival of each group was analyzed and the main factors affecting the survival rate of SLT were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were used for survival analysis.Results:The cumulative survival rates at 1-, 3-, and 5-year were 74.58%, 71.47%, and 71.47% in the early SLT group, and 88.03%, 87.23%, and 87.23% in the mature SLT group, respectively. Survival rates in the mature SLT group were significantly higher than those in the early SLT group ( χ2=5.560, P=0.018). The cumulative survival rates at 1-, 3- and 5-year were 93.41%, 93.41%, 89.95% in the LDLT group and 87.38%, 81.98%, 77.04% in the WLT group, respectively. There was no significant difference among the mature SLT group, the LDLT group and the WLT group ( χ2=4.016, P=0.134). Abdominal hemorrhage, infection, primary liver graft nonfunction,and portal vein thrombosis were the main causes of early postoperative death. Conclusion:SLT can achieve results comparable to those of WLT and LDLT in mature technology liver transplant centers, but it needs to go through a certain time learning curve.

Objective To observe the improvement of motor dysfunction and serum levels of C-reactive protein(CRP),blood glucose and blood lipid in post-stroke patients treated with scalp acupuncture at different needle retention time.Methods A total of 120 patients with motor dysfunction after stroke were randomly divided into control group,observation group 1 and observation group 2,with 40 cases in each group.The patients in the 3 groups were treated with scalp acupuncture,body acupuncture and routine rehabilitation exercise,once a day and 6 times a week,lasting for 2 weeks.The control group was given scalp acupuncture with retaining of needles for 30 minutes,the observation group 1 was given scalp acupuncture with retaining of needles for one hour,and the observation group 2 was given scalp acupuncture with retaining of needles for 2 hours.Before and after treatment,the 3 groups were observed in the changes of the scale scores of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FM A),Berg Balance Scale(BBS)and modified Barthel Index(MBI),and the levels of laboratory indicators of peripheral blood CRP,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C).After treatment,the clinical safety of the three groups was evaluated.Results(1)After treatment,the scale scores of NIHSS in the three groups were lower(P＜0.01)and the scale scores FMA,BBS and MBI were higher than those before treatment(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The comparison of post-treatment scale scores showed that the differences among the three groups were statistically significant(P＜0.01).The intergroup comparison showed that the decrease of NIHSS score and the increase of FMA,BBS and MBI scores in the observation group 2 were significantly superior to those in the control group and the observation group 1(P＜0.01);the improvement of FMA score in the observation group 1 was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01),while the improvement of NIHSS,BBS and MBI scores tended to be superior to that in the control group without statistically significant differences(P＞0.05).The results indicated that the curative effect of scalp acupuncture plus exercise regimen was positively correlated with the duration of needle retention for scalp acupuncture.(2)After treatment,the laboratory indicator levels of CRP and FPG in the peripheral blood of the three groups,the levels of TG and LDL-C in the two observation groups and the level of HDL-C in the observation group 2 were improved compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Statistically significant differences were presented in the post-treatment levels of CRP and TG in peripheral blood among the three groups(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The intergroup comparison showed that the improvement of CRP and TG levels in the observation group 2 was significantly superior to that in the control group,and the improvement of CRP level in the observation group 2 was significantly superior to that in the observation group 1,the differences being statistically significant(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The TC level in the three groups after treatment did not differ from that before treatment,and there was no significant difference in TC level after treatment among the three groups either(P＞0.05).(3)During the treatment,no adverse reactions such as fainting,needle breaking and hematoma occurred in the three groups,the vital signs of the patients were stable,and there were no obvious abnormal changes in pulse,blood pressure and respiratory rate.Conclusion Scalp acupuncture can effectively improve the motor function of post-stroke patients in a pasitive time-effect relationship with the needle retention,and better the curative effect can be achieved by retaining of the needle for 2 h.

Objective To explore the correlation between sleep status and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution types of sub-healthy population in Lingnan area.Methods From May 2022 to May 2023,an investigation was carried out in a sub-healthy population of 688 persons who lived in Shenzhen for more than 5 years,had no serious cardiovascular disease and were confirmed by the sub-health rating scale.The questionnaire survey of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)scale and the TCM constitution classification rating scale was conducted,and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the correlation between the sleep status and TCM constitution types.Results(1)A total of 688 questionnaires were released,of which 19 were lost to follow-up,and 669 were responded.After weeding out the 29 invalid questionnaires,640 valid questionnaires were finally included for the analysis.(2)According to the PSQI score,the population was divided into excellent sleep group(total PSQI score＜8)of 350 cases and poor sleep group(total PSQI score≥8)of 290 cases.The item scores of time for falling asleep,sleep time and sleep disorder as well as the total PSQI score of the excellent sleep group were significantly lower than those of the poor sleep group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(3)The persons with excellent sleep usually had the balanced constitution(86.86%),while the persons with poor sleep often had the biased constitution(79.64%).The top three biased constitution types in the persons with poor sleep were damp-heat constitution(15.52%),phlegm-damp constitution(13.79%)and qi-stagnation constitution(13.10%).(4)Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the time for falling asleep was positively correlated with phlegm-damp constitution and qi-stagnation constitution(P＜0.01),and was negatively correlated with balanced constitution(P＜0.05);the sleep efficiency was positively correlated with damp-heat constitution and inherited special constitution(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and was negatively correlated with balanced constitution(P＜0.05);sleep disorder was positively correlated with qi-stagnation constitution and yin-deficiency constitution(P＜0.01);hypnotic drugs were positively correlated with yin-deficiency constitution(P＜0.01);daytime dysfunction was positively correlated with phlegm-damp constitution(P＜0.05).Conclusion The sleep status of sub-healthy population in Lingnan area has a certain correlation with TCM constitution types.Damp-heat constitution,phlegm-damp constitution,qi-stagnation constitution,yin-deficiency constitution,balanced constitution and inherited special constitution are the six constitution types that affect sleep status.It is of great significance to guide the sub-healthy population to achieve the purpose of prevention before illness by improving their constitution after the identification of TCM constitution types.

Objective To explore the correlation between serum lipid levels of total cholesterol(TC)and triglyceride(TG)and the survival prognosis in postoperative patients with early lung cancer,and to observe the effect of Fuzheng Quxie Prescription on serum lipid levels in postoperative patients with early lung cancer,so as to explore the mechanism of Fuzheng Quxie Prescription in improving the survival prognosis of postoperative patients with early lung cancer.Methods The correlation of serum TC and TG levels with survival prognosis of 257 postoperative patients with early lung cancer admitted in Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2010 to December 2015 was retrospectively analyzed.The changes of serum TC and TG levels in postoperative patients with early lung cancer before and after treatment with Fuzheng Quxie Prescription were statistically analyzed.From January 2017 to April 2021,a prospective analysis of the one-year,two-year,three-year and four-year disease-free survival rates and serum TC and TG levels was carried out in 281 postoperative patients with early lung cancer treated with Fuzheng Quxie Prescription orally in Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine(treatment group)and in 287 postoperative patients with early lung cancer who were followed up in clinic while had no medciation in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital(control group).Results(1)The retrospective study showed that pre-treatment TC level was correlated with progression-free survival(PFS)in postoperative patients with early lung cancer,and the patients with high TC level had longer PFS.There was no significant correlation between pre-treatment TG level and PFS in postoperative patients with early lung cancer.The patients with high TG level had higher short-term survival rate while the patients with low TG level had higher long-term survival rate.(2)The prospective study showed that there were nine cases of recurrence in the treatment group and 24 cases of recurrence in the control group till the last follow-up time on April 1,2021.The one-year,two-year,three-year and four-year disease-free survival rates in the treatment group were 99.3％,96.8％,95.7％and 95.7％,respectively,which were superior to 97.6％,92.3％,89.2％and 87.1％in the control group(P＜0.05),indicating that the recurrence and metastasis in the postoperative patients with early lung cancer treated by Fuzheng Quxie Prescription were significantly reduced when compared with the control group,and the disease-free survival rate was significantly improved.After treatment,the serum levels of TC and TG in the treatment group were increased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)while the control group showed no obvious changes(P＞0.05).The intergroup comparison showed that the increase of serum TC and TG levels in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05),indicating that Fuzheng Quxie Prescription had regulatory effect on the blood lipid level of patients to a certain extent.Conclusion The analysis of the correlation between pre-treatment blood lipids and PFS prognosis in postoperative patients with early lung cancer indicated that lung cancer patients with high TC level had longer PFS;Fuzheng Quxie Prescription can regulate the blood lipid level of postoperative patients with early lung adenocarcinoma.It is speculated that Fuzheng Quxie Prescription may improve the survival prognosis of postoperative patients with early lung cancer probably by regulating the blood lipid level of the patients.

Chronic kidney disease(CKD)commonly used dietary assessments including 24-hour dietary recall(24 h DR)/3-day dietary recall(3DDR),food frequency questionnaire(FFQ),dietary records,and estimation of dietary protein intake based on nitrogen balance.Given the high prevalence of CKD patients in Asian population and the scarcity of research using FFQ method,it is crucial to develop an FFQ suitable for Chinese CKD patients.This review summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of dietary assessment methods for CKD,the current research status,and the content and steps involved in establishing an FFQ,with the aim of providing reference for the modification of FFQ for Chinese CKD patients.