BACKGROUND:Stress-induced damage to hippocampal neurons may underlie abnormalities in neuronal structure and function,ultimately leading to mood disorders.G protein-coupled receptors in brain tissue play an important role in mood regulation.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the mechanism of depression-like behavior in chronic social defeat stress mice based on high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.METHODS:C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group and model group.There was no special treatment in the control group,while a mouse model of chronic social defeat stress was established in the model group.Depression-like behavior was assessed through the sucrose preference test,tail suspension test,and forced swim test.Anxiety behavior was evaluated using the elevated plus-maze,while social behavior was measured through the social interaction test.Cognitive function was assessed with the Y-maze spontaneous alternation test.Immunofluorescence staining was performed to quantify microglia markers in the mouse hippocampus,and Nissl staining was used to examine neuronal damage in mice.High-throughput sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes and gene enrichment in the mouse hippocampus,and qPCR was used to measure the expression of G protein-coupled receptors in the mouse hippocampus.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the control group,chronic social defeat stress mice showed significant behavioral impairments,including increased anxiety,depression,and cognitive deficits.(2)Additionally,the Nissl body light density in hippocampal neurons was significantly reduced in chronic social defeat stress mice.(3)Sequencing results revealed synaptic damage in the neurons after chronic social defeat stress.Microglia activation was also markedly increased in the hippocampus of CSDS mice.Furthermore,the expression of G protein-coupled receptors in the hippocampus was significantly higher in chronic social defeat stress mice compared with the control group.These findings suggest that chronic social defeat stress induces anxiety,depression,and cognitive deficits in mice,accompanied by neuropathological changes in the hippocampus,and that altered G protein-coupled receptors expression may play a key role in these behavioral and neuropathological changes.

BACKGROUND:Stress-induced damage to hippocampal neurons may underlie abnormalities in neuronal structure and function,ultimately leading to mood disorders.G protein-coupled receptors in brain tissue play an important role in mood regulation.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the mechanism of depression-like behavior in chronic social defeat stress mice based on high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.METHODS:C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group and model group.There was no special treatment in the control group,while a mouse model of chronic social defeat stress was established in the model group.Depression-like behavior was assessed through the sucrose preference test,tail suspension test,and forced swim test.Anxiety behavior was evaluated using the elevated plus-maze,while social behavior was measured through the social interaction test.Cognitive function was assessed with the Y-maze spontaneous alternation test.Immunofluorescence staining was performed to quantify microglia markers in the mouse hippocampus,and Nissl staining was used to examine neuronal damage in mice.High-throughput sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes and gene enrichment in the mouse hippocampus,and qPCR was used to measure the expression of G protein-coupled receptors in the mouse hippocampus.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the control group,chronic social defeat stress mice showed significant behavioral impairments,including increased anxiety,depression,and cognitive deficits.(2)Additionally,the Nissl body light density in hippocampal neurons was significantly reduced in chronic social defeat stress mice.(3)Sequencing results revealed synaptic damage in the neurons after chronic social defeat stress.Microglia activation was also markedly increased in the hippocampus of CSDS mice.Furthermore,the expression of G protein-coupled receptors in the hippocampus was significantly higher in chronic social defeat stress mice compared with the control group.These findings suggest that chronic social defeat stress induces anxiety,depression,and cognitive deficits in mice,accompanied by neuropathological changes in the hippocampus,and that altered G protein-coupled receptors expression may play a key role in these behavioral and neuropathological changes.

Background: High-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a chromatin-binding protein involved in arthritis, ischemia, sepsis, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, meningitis, and cancer. HMGB1 exhibits dual roles in cancer, acting as either a tumor suppressor or oncoprotein depending on context. Objective: This research aimed to elucidate HMGB1’s functional significance in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Methods: We overexpressed HMGB1 in cSCC cell lines using recombinant adenovirus and examined its effects on cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell migration. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed elevated HMGB1 expression levels in cSCC tissue relative to normal epidermis. To assess the influence of HMGB1, we employed recombinant adenoviruses expressing HMGB1 to transduce SCC cell lines (SCC12 and SCC13). Enhanced HMGB1 expression significantly promoted cellular proliferation and colony formation capacity.Notably, HMGB1 overexpression elevated the levels of proliferation regulators, including P63, SOX2, CDK4 and CDK6. Furthermore, HMGB1 overexpression substantially enhanced tumor invasiveness, accompanied by upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers. Mechanistically, overexpression of HMGB1 enhanced transforming growth factor-β signaling by increasing phosphorylation of SMAD2/3, the key mediators of EMT. Conclusion These data imply that HMGB1 acts as a tumor-promoting factor in cSCC.

To formulate an expert consensus on the principles of preoperative hair removal and provide scientific guidance for standardized removal of hair before surgical procedures so as to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections.METHODS Led by the Hospital Management Institute of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China,this consensus was reached with the joint efforts from the expects of relevant fields such as surgeries,interventional therapies,nursing,and infection prevention and control.The consensus facilitates the classification and evaluation of literatures by following the evidence grade formulated by Oxford Evidence-based Medicine Center and focuses on the association of preoperative hair removal with surgical site infection,it reaches the evidence grade of expert consensus and recommendation intensity by integrating with discussions on meetings and clinical experience of the expects from relevant fields.RESULTS A total of 6 items of consensus were reached by summarizing the latest evidence on the aspects including the indications for preoperative hair removal,tools,range,timing and places.CONCLUSION The consensus,to some extent,make supplements to and complete the exiting regulations and standards.It provides guidance for the medical institutions to carry out the preoperative hair removal.

The coil adverse events in the U.S.Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience(MAUDE)database from January 2021 to June 2024 were analyzed retrospectively.The risks of coils during the clinical application and their causes were explored with hospital survey and expert demonstration in Shandong Province.Some improving measures were put forward for the safe use of coils,including implementing the main responsibility of the registrant,enhancing the professional skills of the using institutions and strengthening the supervision of the supervisory authorities.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):83-87]

Objective:To assess the safety,efficacy and potential impact of stem cell therapy(SCT)in improving erectile dys-function(ED).Methods:A comprehensive search strategy was used to search the literatures on safety and efficacy evaluation of stem cell(SC)in the treatment of ED by human clinical trials from PubMed,Embase and Web of science databases with a search time frame from database creation to July 4,2024.The exclusion criteria were as follows:reviews,conference abstracts,animal experi-ments,and duplicate sample literature.Results:The study initially screened 1 773 papers,and 17 were included in the final analy-sis.These studies involved a total of 269 ED patients,and a variety of sources of stem cells had been used in the treatment of ED,in-cluding adipose-derived stem cells,bone marrow-derived stem cells,placental stroma-derived stem cells,umbilical cord-derived stem cells,dental pulp-derived stem cells,and oral mucosa-derived stem cells.All studies were conducted by injecting stem cells into the cavernous body of the penis,but there is no fixed standard for the amount of injection,injection site and number of injections.The op-timal treatment mode was still being explored.Patients' International Index of Erectile Function(IIEF)scores and Erection Hardness Score(EHS),peak systolic velocity(PSV),and end diastolic velocity(EDV)improved after treatment.But some studies showed that the efficacy of the treatment diminished with increasing time.No serious adverse effects were reported in any of the studies and none of the adverse effects persisted for a long period of time.The most common adverse effects included injection site reactions,and SCT showed a good safety and tolerability profile.Conclusion:SCT has the potential to be a promising and innovative regenerative therapy option for ED patients.In the future,with the advancement of stem cell technology,larger randomized controlled studies should continue to be conducted to explore standardized treatments,so as to further evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of SCT for ED.

Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in China,pro-vide data support and decision-making basis for formulating scientific and effective strategies for HAI prevention and control.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey on HAI was conducted among various types and levels of medical institutions in China according to a unified protocol of bedside surveys and case investigations.Results In 2024,a total of 5 736 medical institutions and 2 751 765 patients were surveyed.Among them,34 889 HAI cases were identified,with a prevalence rate of 1.27％.The number of HAI episodes was 38 032,and case prevalence rate was 1.38％.The prevalence rate of HAI in medical institutions in different regions of China ranged from 0.66％to 2.35％.Among medical institutions of different scales,those with a bed capacity of ≥900 had the high-est incidence of HAI,reaching 1.65％.The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract(44.66％),followed by the urinary tract(12.94％),surgical site(9.32％),upper respiratory tract(7.02％),and bloodstream infection(5.78％).The top 3 departments with the highest HAI rates were the general intensive care unit(10.02％),department of neurosurgery(5.51％),and department(group)of hematology(5.34％).A total of 23 238 strains of HAI pathogens were detected,with 10 714 strains(46.10％)from lower respiratory tract speci-mens.The top 5 detected strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.76％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.33％),Escherichia coli(12.79％),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.23％),and Staphylococcus aureus(7.88％).231 944 pa-tients underwent class Ⅰ incision surgery were monitored,with 1 647 cases experienced surgical site infection,and the prevalence rate of surgical site infection was 0.71％.The number of patients who should undergo pathogen de-tection(patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic combined prophylactic antimicrobial agents)was 715 179,while the actual number was 480 492,with a pathogen detection rate of 67.18％.425 225 patients received patho-genic detection before treatment,with a detection rate of 59.46％.Conclusion The overall HAI prevalence in Chi-na is lower,showing disparities among medical institutions of different regions and scales.Therefore,precise imple-mentation of measures is necessary for HAI prevention and control,with a focus on high-risk institutions and high-risk departments,key areas,and critical procedures.All levels of medical institutions should continuously reduce the incidence of HAI by strengthening monitoring,standardizing the use of antimicrobial agents,and reinforcing basic HAI prevention and control measures.

Objectives:To investigate the relationship between locations of ventricular septal perforation and 30-day prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular septal perforation.Methods:Clinical data of 150 acute myocardial infarction patients with ventricular septal perforation admitted to Fuwai Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2009 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the difference in 30-day survival rate among patients with different sites of ventricular septal perforation.The impact of locations of ventricular septal perforation on 30-day prognosis of acute myocardial infarction patients was evaluated by multivariate Cox regression analysis(forward stepwise).Results:In acute myocardial infarction patients,the occurrence of anterior ventricular septal perforation was higher than that of posterior ventricular septal perforation(79.5%vs.20.5%,P<0.001).In the anterior ventricular septal perforation patients,females were more common(50.0%vs.22.6%,P=0.006),the blood glucose level was higher([10.51±5.99]mmol/L vs.[8.02±2.81]mmol/L,P=0.026),the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was smaller([50.7±6.1]mm vs.[55.1±5.0]mm,P<0.001),the ventricular septal aperture was also smaller([9.8±4.6]mm vs.[12.6±5.4]mm,P=0.004),30-day mortality was higher(55.8%vs.35.5%,P=0.043)compared with posterior ventricular septal perforation patients.Multivariate Cox regression analysis(forward stepwise)showed that no transthoracic surgery or transcatheter closure(HR=26.344,95%CI:8.261-84.009,P<0.001)and anterior ventricular septal perforation(HR=2.432,95%CI:1.281-4.619,P=0.007)were associated with increased risk of 30-day all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular septal perforation.Conclusions:In patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular septal perforation,the incidence of anterior ventricular septal perforation is higher than posterior ventricular septal perforation and the 30-day all-cause mortality of anterior ventricular septal perforation patients is also higher.No transthoracic surgery or transcatheter closure and anterior ventricular septal perforation are the independent influential factors of 30-day all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction and ventricular septal perforation.

Objective To quantify the volume and movement of cardiac substructures by using coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA)to provide guidance for the design of deep inspiratory breath-holding radiation therapy for left breast cancer and the protection of organs at risk.Methods Totally 18 female patients who received conventional chest plain scan and CCTA were selected to simulate the design process of radiotherapy plan for left breast cancer patients with internal mammary lymph nodes.Retrospective reconstruction of CCTA data was performed for each patient,with 10 phase images(with an interval of 10％)within a R-R cardiac cycle(10％-100％)to simulate the true range of motion of the heart.The heart,left atrium(LA),left ventricle(LV),right atrium(RA),right ventricle(RV),left anterior descending artery(LAD),left circumflex coronary artery(LCX)and right coronary artery(RCA)were contoured at each phase.The distances from the centroid position to the average position of LAD,LCX and RCA were measured at each phase in the superior-inferior(SI),anterior-posterior(AP)and left-right(LR).The average volume and range of volume changes of LA,LV,RA,RV and heart were analyzed within a cardiac cycle.The expansion margins of planning organs at risk volume(PRV)were calculated.SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results The following average absolute displacements were found in SI,AP and LR coordinates:(1.8±0.7)mm,(1.2±0.5)mm and(1.5±0.5)mm for LAD,respectively;(2.1±0.7)mm,(1.5±0.6)mm and(1.9±0.7)mm for LCX,respectively;(1.6±0.5)mm,(2.2±0.9)mm and(2.2±0.8)mm for RCA,respectively.The volume changes of LA,LV,RA,RV and heart within a cardiac cycle ranged from 34.3 to 63.9 cm3,122.1 to 154.3 cm3,29.3 to 53.6 cm3,57.2 to 94.3 cm3 and 480.1 to 515.4 cm3,respectively.The theoretical expansion margins of LAD,LCX and RCA in all the three directions were within 2 mm.Conclusion The ranges of movement and volume changes of cardiac substructure are quantitati-vely displayed,and references are provided for the planning of deep inspiratory breath-holding radiation therapy for left breast cancer and the protection of organs at risk.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(3):54-58]

The detection rate of thyroid nodules has gradually increased in recent years.Comprehensive and accurate preoperative evaluation and early identification of risk factors help doctors to choose treatment options and improve prognosis.Radiomics extracts quantitative features from medical images for evaluation of thyroid nodules through high-throughput mining of invisible image features,which has been widely used and has excellent performance in the identification of benign and malignant thyroid nodules,lymph node metastasis,extrathyroidal extension,molecular biological changes,recurrence and prognosis of thyroid cancer.However,there are also shortcomings such as large differences in performance among models from different institutions.This article reviews the application value,limitations and future development prospects of radiomics in the thyroid nodules,so as to provide new ideas for clinical practice and research.