As artificial intelligence technology rapidly advances, its deployment within the medical sector presents substantial ethical challenges. Consequently, it becomes crucial to create a standardized, transparent, and secure framework for processing medical data. This includes setting the ethical boundaries for medical artificial intelligence and safeguarding both patient rights and data integrity. This consensus governs every facet of medical data handling through artificial intelligence, encompassing data gathering, processing, storage, transmission, utilization, and sharing. Its purpose is to ensure the management of medical data adheres to ethical standards and legal requirements, while safeguarding patient privacy and data security. Concurrently, the principles of compliance with the law, patient privacy respect, patient interest protection, and safety and reliability are underscored. Key issues such as informed consent, data usage, intellectual property protection, conflict of interest, and benefit sharing are examined in depth. The enactment of this expert consensus is intended to foster the profound integration and sustainable advancement of artificial intelligence within the medical domain, while simultaneously ensuring that artificial intelligence adheres strictly to the relevant ethical norms and legal frameworks during the processing of medical data.
Artificial Intelligence/legislation & jurisprudence* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Computer Security/standards* ; Confidentiality/ethics* ; Informed Consent/ethics*

Humans ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Prospective Studies ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use* ; Comorbidity

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at investigating the carrier rate of, and molecular variation in, α- and β-globin gene mutations in Hunan Province. METHODS: We recruited 25,946 individuals attending premarital screening from 42 districts and counties in all 14 cities of Hunan Province. Hematological screening was performed, and molecular parameters were assessed. RESULTS: The overall carrier rate of thalassemia was 7.1%, including 4.83% for α-thalassemia, 2.15% for β-thalassemia, and 0.12% for both α- and β-thalassemia. The highest carrier rate of thalassemia was in Yongzhou (14.57%). The most abundant genotype of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia was -α ^3.7/αα (50.23%) and β ^IVS-II-654/β ^N (28.23%), respectively. Four α-globin mutations [CD108 (ACC>AAC), CAP +29 (G>C), Hb Agrinio and Hb Cervantes] and six β-globin mutations [CAP +8 (C>T), IVS-II-848 (C>T), -56 (G>C), beta nt-77 (G>C), codon 20/21 (-TGGA) and Hb Knossos] had not previously been identified in China. Furthermore, this study provides the first report of the carrier rates of abnormal hemoglobin variants and α-globin triplication in Hunan Province, which were 0.49% and 1.99%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the high complexity and diversity of thalassemia gene mutations in the Hunan population. The results should facilitate genetic counselling and the prevention of severe thalassemia in this region.
Humans ; beta-Thalassemia/genetics* ; alpha-Thalassemia/genetics* ; Hemoglobinopathies/genetics* ; China/epidemiology* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

The culture of schistosomiasis control is specific in the history of Chinese culture. Broadly speaking, the culture of schistosomiasis control is a summary of specific social mood, social consciousness and material culture created by Chinese populations during the progress of schistosomiasis control since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Narrowly speaking, the culture of schistosomiasis control is the spiritual culture that is jointly created and nurtured by schistosomiasis control workers since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. The spiritual features of Chinese schistosomiasis control culture are characterized by the patriotism and care about the people, the matter-to-fact attitude, the pioneering and enterprising spirit, and the spirit of sacrifice and dedication. The ultimate goal of the research on the culture of schistosomiasis control is to facilitate the achievement of the strategic goal of Healthy China 2030 as scheduled, accelerate the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis, and to promote the sustainable development of schistosomiasis control in China.

This paper describes the current epidemic characteristics and endemic status of schistosomiasis, analyzes the main challenges of schistosomiasis control and proposes the emphasis and interventions for future schistosomiasis control activities in Hunan Province, so as to provide insights into the elimination of schistosomiasis in Hunan Province.

OBJECTIVETo study immunomodulating activity of Lonicera Japonica flavone by investigating immune enzymatic activity of serum and antoxidized activity of lymphoid organs in mice.

METHODSFifty KM mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, low dose group, middle dose group and high dose group(n = 10), respectively. And low dose group, middle dose group and high dose group were given Lonicera Japonica flavone with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg every day, respectively, while control group and model group were administered with NS. After continuously giving drug 7 weeks, other groups were injected with Dexamethasome (Dex: 25 mg /kg) for 3 days by subcutaneous injection, but the control group were treated with NS. And after giving Lonicera Japonica flavone 1 week simultaneously, organ indexes , the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and lysozyme (LSZ) in serum , and the content of monoamine oxidase (MAO), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in lymphoid organs in mice were tested, respectively.

RESULTSLonicera Japonica flavone could significantly improve the organ indexes, and significantly improve the activity of ACP, AKP and LSZ in serum, and significantly improve the contents of T-AOC and SOD, but reduce that of MAO and MDA in lymphoid organs in immunosuppressed mice.

CONCLUSIONIonicera Japonica flavone can significantly improve the activity of immune enzyme in serum and the antioxidized activity of lymphoid organs in mice. It suggests that Ionicera Japonica flavone has a good immunomodulatory effects.

Acid Phosphatase ; blood ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; blood ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Flavones ; pharmacology ; Immunomodulation ; Lonicera ; chemistry ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mice ; Monoamine Oxidase ; metabolism ; Muramidase ; blood ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo objectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of Yimusake Tablet in the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE) through a multi-centered large-sample trial.

METHODSWe conducted a multi-centered, open, fixed-dose, and self-compared clinical trial among 300 patients with diagnosed PE. The trial lasted 12 weeks, including 4 weeks without any medication and 8 weeks of treatment with Yimusake Tablet, 2 pills (1 g) per night. We observed the intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) before and after treatment, evaluated the safety of medication, and performed a questionnaire investigation on the patients' satisfaction.

RESULTSOf the 300 PE patients, 288 accomplished the clinical trial. The patients ranged in age from 22 to 60 years, averaging at 31.6 years. The mean IELT of the patient was 62.5 seconds at baseline, 168.9 seconds after 4 weeks of treatment with Yimusake Tablet, and 222.2 seconds after 8 weeks of medication. Among the 157 patients with normal erectile function (IIEF >21), the mean IELT was 71.4 seconds before treatment, 147.4 seconds after 4 weeks of medication, and 172.5 seconds after 8 weeks of medication. The patients' satisfaction was significantly increased after treatment. Those complicated by mild to moderate erectile dysfunction achieved different degrees of improvement in the IIEF-5 score, with a mean increase of 3.8. Only a few patients experienced mild adverse events, including constipation, dry mouth, nose bleeding, abdominal pain, and lumbosacral pain, which were all relieved without drug withdrawal.

CONCLUSIONYimusake Tablet is a safe and effective medicine for the treatment of PE.

Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Ejaculation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Satisfaction ; Penile Erection ; Phytotherapy ; Premature Ejaculation ; drug therapy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tablets ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the techniques and effect of extradural approach for the resection of trigeminal schwannomas involving the cavernous sinus.

METHODSTwenty-three patients (range 26-63 years, mean age 46.2 years) with trigeminal schwannomas involving the cavernous sinus treated by middle fossa extradural approach were retrospectively analyzed. Frontotemporal orbitozygomatic extradural approach was performed in 2 patients. Frontotemporal zygomatic extradural approach was carried out in 21 patients. The first follow-up visit was on the 3rd month after surgery, and if residual was observed on enhanced MRI, then the patient was followed up every 6 months; otherwise, the patient was followed up every 8-12 months.

RESULTSThe length of hospital stay after surgery was 7-13 days (mean 8.5 days). Two tumors originated from the ophthalmic branch, 2 from the maxillary branch, 5 from the mandibular branch and 14 from the gasserian ganglion. Total resection was achieved in 21 of the 23 patients (91.3%) and subtotal resection in the other 2 patients. All the patients were followed up from 3 months to 4 years. Median follow-up time was 19 months. The most common symptom was facial hypoesthesia, occurring in 18 patients. This symptom improved in 10 patients and worsened in 8 patients after surgery. New postoperative facial hypoesthesia was observed in 2 patients. Facial pain was observed in 3 patients and subsided after surgery. Two patients had loss of hearing, this symptom improved in 1 patient and worsened in 1 patient after surgery. Diplopia was observed in 6 patients. In 1 of these 6 patients, diplopia resulted from palsy of the oculomotor nerve. In the other 5 patients, diplopia resulted from palsy of the abducens nerve. This symptom improved postoperatively in all these 6 patients. New postoperative atrophy of the temporalis muscle was observed in 3 patients. There was no operation-related mortality. Tumor recurrence was only found in 1 patient after 24 months and was treated by Gamma knife.

CONCLUSIONSThe middle fossa extradural approach may be an ideal option for the resection of trigeminal schwannomas involving the cavernous sinus. This approach produces no further impairment, less complication, and is less likely to injured the trigeminal nerve, abducens nerve, trochlear nerve and internal carotid artery.

Adult ; Cranial Nerve Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurilemmoma ; surgery ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Trigeminal Nerve Diseases ; surgery

BACKGROUNDLittle is known about the influence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on coronary artery calcification (CAC) in China. In this article, we aimed to explore the distribution of CAC in populations with and without MetS, and estimate the influence of MetS and its components on CAC in a community-based population of Beijing.

METHODSA total of 1647 local residents of Beijing, age 40-77 years, were recruited for a cardiovascular risk factors survey and were determined fasting plasma glucose (FPG), blood lipids, and 64 multi-detector computed tomography (64-MDCT) coronary artery calcium score (CACS) measurement (Agatston scoring). The distribution of CAC was described, and the influence of MetS components on CAC was evaluated.

RESULTSIn this population, the prevalence and extent of CAC increased with increasing age and both were higher in MetS subjects compared to nonMetS subjects (all P < 0.05), with the exception of those older than 65 years old. The risk of CAC increased with increasing numbers of MetS components, and the odds ratios for predicting positive CAC in subjects with 1, 2, 3, and = 4 MetS components were 1.60, 1.84, 2.12, and 3.12, respectively (all P < 0.05). Elevated blood pressure, elevated FPG, elevated triglycerides, and overweight increased the risk of CAC, yielding odds ratios of 2.64, 1.67, 1.32, and 1.37, respectively (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIn the Beijing community-based population, MetS increases the risk of CAC. The risk of CAC increases with increasing numbers of MetS components. Not only the number, but also the variety of risk factors for MetS is correlated with the risk of CAC. Elevated blood pressure, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and overweight increase the risk of CAC.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Coronary Artery Disease ; epidemiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Coronary Vessels ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; epidemiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors