ObjectiveTo evaluate the larvicidal effect of ultrasonic waves against Aedes albopictus larvae at various exposure parameters (distance and time), and to preliminarily investigate the effects of different containers (water volume and depth) and ultrasonic devices on the larvicidal efficacy, so as to provide experimental evidence for the application of ultrasound-based mosquito control technology. MethodsUnder controlled laboratory conditions, two commercially available ultrasonic devices [40 kHz/300 W and (50±5) kHz/70 W] were used to systematically examine the effects of exposure distance (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 cm), exposure duration (1, 3, 6, 15 and 60 min), larval instar(Ⅰ‒Ⅱ and Ⅲ‒Ⅳ）, and container type on the immediate mortality of Aedes albopictus larvae collected from urban areas of Shanghai. Statistical analysis of the mortality rates of larvae among different experimental groups was performed using the chi-square test. ResultsUltrasonic exposure exerted a detectable larvicidal effect against Aedes albopictus larvae of all instars. For early-instar larvae, exposure time significantly affected mortality at all tested distances (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm), with χ² values ranging from 25.57 to 32.74 ( all P<0.001). No significant distance effect was observed in the first and second instar larvae after short-term exposure (1 and 3 min; P>0.05). However, a distance-dependent effect emerged from 6 min onward (P<0.05). During short-term exposure (1 min and 3 min) at close range (20 cm and 40 cm), the immediate mortality of the third and fourth instar larvae was higher than that of the first and second instar larvae. Conversely, during prolonged exposure (15 min and 60 min), the first and second instar larvae exhibited significantly higher mortality than that of the third and fourth instar larvae. These results indicated that larval mortality was jointly influenced by exposure duration and distance. Preliminary experiments indicated that larvicidal efficacy in shallow water was lower than that in deep water. No significant difference in larvicidal effect was observed between the two ultrasonic devices with different frequencies and power outputs. ConclusionUnder laboratory conditions, ultrasound can effectively kill Aedes albopictus larvae, and the larvicidal effect is jointly influenced by larval instar, exposure distance, and aquatic environment. Compact ultrasonic devices show potential for field application in biological mosquito control.

The recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) can be used for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) preparation before ¹³¹I therapy, and follow-up. Since its approval by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1998, rhTSH has been clinically used in European countries, the United States, and other countries for nearly 30 years. In April 2024, China’s first independently developed rhTSH agent was approved. Based on clinical experience and evidence from domestic and international studies, an expert consensus on the application of rhTSH has been developed following thorough consultations among experts. The consensus offers evidence-based recommendations to guide the appropriate use of rhTSH in clinical practice.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),commonly utilized analgesics,are extensively employed for managing pain associated with musculoskeletal disorders or injuries.Recent clinical studies have demonstrated a heightened risk of bone stress injuries(BSI)in soldiers and athletes,particularly during high-intensity training,due to NSAID usage.Furthermore,the impact of NSAIDs on fracture healing is well-documented;however,the precise mechanism by which their use during training contributes to an increased incidence of stress bone injuries remains unclear.This article aims to summarize potential mechanisms through an extensive review of domestic and international literature in order to standardize the utilization and clinical management of NSAIDs,optimize pain management strategies,and prevent stress bone injuries or fractures in specific populations such as soldiers and elite athletes.

Objective:To investigate the impact of early invasive arterial blood pressure (IBP) monitoring on survival and neurological outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients undergoing extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR).Methods:This retrospective cohort study analyzed 44 OHCA patients receiving ECPR between January 2021 and January 2023. Patients were divided into: Early intervention group : IBP established within 3 min of ECMO initiation; Late intervention group : IBP established after ICU admission. Baseline characteristics, ECMO parameters, and clinical outcomes were compared. Multivariable logistic regression (adjusted for age, initial rhythm, etc.) and Spearman's correlation were used.Results:This study included a total of 44 patients treated with OHCA and ECPR, divided into an early intervention group of 23 cases and a late intervention group of 21 cases. The early intervention group showed significantly higher: Survival to discharge (43.5% vs. 9.5%, P<0.05), Good neurological recovery (CPC 1-2: 34.8% vs. 9.5%, P<0.05).Early intervention independently predicted survival (adjusted OR=18.84, 95% CI:1.97-179.98, P=0.01). Stratified analysis by pH (cutoff 7.0) demonstrated consistent benefits in both pH>7.0 ( aOR=0.392, 95% CI:0.106-0.678) and pH≤7.0 subgroups ( aOR=0.385, 95% CI: 0.075-0.695; interaction P=0.183). Early IBP positively correlated with CPC scores ( ρ=0.40, P=0.007). Conclusions:Early IBP monitoring significantly improves survival and neurological outcomes in OHCA-ECPR patients, supporting its integration into standardized protocols.

The relevant laws and regulations regarding the utilization of the deceased as medical research subjects are not yet fully developed in China nowadays. Taking the deceased as research subjects as a starting point， this paper discussed the definition of the deceased and the scope of their interest protection from multiple perspectives. It posited that the scope of interest protection for the deceased encompassed two components： spiritual personality interests and material personality interests represented by the remains. The spiritual personality interests of the deceased included identification information such as name， portrait， reputation， honor， privacy， and personal information， as well as medical and health information. The personal information of the deceased was not directly affected by the individual’s life and death status and remained relatively independent. In terms of ethical review， the research team approached from two perspectives： the remains and the personal information of the deceased. Based on the standard of whether the research subjects involve a human body， research with the remains of the deceased as the medical research subjects was classified as non-clinical research. According to the standard of whether a human body is clinically operated， research with the personal information of the deceased （including medical and health information） as the medical research subjects was recognized as clinical research without human research operation. This approach provided evidence for the application of existing laws and regulations in ethical review and record management. The ethical review of investigator-initiated clinical research conducted in medical and health institutions， as well as the regulatory conditions for exemption from ethical review， were examined. The forms， content， and acquisition of informed consent were summarized， and the risk-benefit characteristics of the research activity were evaluated， with a view to providing a basis for the smooth and compliant implementation of research activities involving the deceased as medical research subjects.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of eccentric treadmill exercise on adaptive hypertrophy of skeletal muscle in rats. Thirty-two 3-month-old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were selected and randomly assigned to one of the four groups based on their body weights: 2-week quiet control group (2C), 2-week downhill running exercise group (2E), 4-week quiet control group (4C), and 4-week downhill running exercise group (4E). The downhill running protocol for rats in the exercise groups involved slope of -16°, running speed of 16 m/min, training duration of 90 min, and 5 training sessions per week. Twenty-four hours after the final session of training, all the four groups of rats underwent an exhaustion treadmill exercise. After resting for 48 h, all the rats were euthanized and their gastrocnemius muscles were harvested for analysis. HE staining was used to measure the cross-sectional area (CSA) and diameter of muscle fibers. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructural changes in muscle fibers. Purithromycin surface labeling translation method was used to measure protein synthesis rate. Immunofluorescence double labeling was used to detect the colocalization levels of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (Lamp2)-leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LARS) and Lamp2-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Western blot was used to measure the protein expression levels of myosin heavy chain (MHC) IIb and LARS, as well as the phosphorylation levels of mTOR, p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). The results showed that, compared with the 2C group rats, the 2E group rats showed significant increases in wet weight of gastrocnemius muscle, wet weight/body weight ratio, running distance, running time, pre- and post-exercise blood lactate levels, myofibrillar protein content, colocalization levels of Lamp2-LARS and Lamp2-mTOR, and LARS protein expression. Besides these above changes, compared with the 4C group, the 4E group further exhibited significantly increased fiber CSA, fiber diameter, protein synthesis rate, and phosphorylation levels of mTOR, p70S6K, and 4E-BP1. Compared with the quiet control groups, the exercise groups exhibited ultrastructural damage of rat gastrocnemius muscle, which was more pronounced in the 4E group. These findings suggest that eccentric treadmill exercise may promote mTOR translocation to lysosomal membrane, activating mTOR signaling via up-regulating LARS expression. This, in turn, increases protein synthesis rate through the mTOR-p70S6K-4E-BP1 signaling pathway, promoting protein deposition and inducing adaptive skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Although the ultrastructural changes of skeletal muscle are more pronounced, the relatively long training cycles during short-term exercise periods have a more significant effect on promoting gastrocnemius muscle protein synthesis and adaptive hypertrophy.
Animals ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology* ; Rats ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism* ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism* ; Male ; Hypertrophy ; Adaptation, Physiological/physiology* ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism* ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/metabolism* ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins

OBJECTIVE: To explore and quantify the association of hot night exposure during the sperm development period (0-90 lag days) with semen quality. METHODS: A total of 6,640 male sperm donors from 6 human sperm banks in China during 2014-2020 were recruited in this multicenter study. Two indices (i.e., hot night excess [HNE] and hot night duration [HND]) were used to estimate the heat intensity and duration during nighttime. Linear mixed models were used to examine the association between hot nights and semen quality parameters. RESULTS: The exposure-response relationship revealed that HNE and HND during 0-90 days before semen collection had a significantly inverse association with sperm motility. Specifically, a 1 °C increase in HNE was associated with decreased sperm progressive motility of 0.0090 (95% confidence interval [ CI]: -0.0147, -0.0033) and decreased total motility of 0.0094 (95% CI: -0.0160, -0.0029). HND was significantly associated with reduced sperm progressive motility and total motility of 0.0021 (95% CI: -0.0040, -0.0003) and 0.0023 (95% CI: -0.0043, -0.0002), respectively. Consistent results were observed at different temperature thresholds on hot nights. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the need to mitigate nocturnal heat exposure during spermatogenesis to maintain optimal semen quality.
Humans ; Male ; Semen Analysis ; Adult ; Sperm Motility ; Hot Temperature/adverse effects* ; China ; Middle Aged ; Spermatozoa/physiology* ; Young Adult

Molecular biology experimental skills have become essential for medical and pharmaceutical undergraduates engaged in scientific research practice.To meet the training needs of molecular biology skills in different disciplines and majors,this study establishes a cross-major,cross-disciplinary,and cross-nationality scientific research mutual assistance group.The training of molecular biology experimen-tal skills was combined with a large-scale senior thesis design,where students collectively practiced and mastered a variety of molecular biology skills such as polymerase chain reaction,protein immunoblotting,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a comprehensive experiment.The implementation of this sci-entific research mutual assistance group model received positive feedbacks from students,who found that their molecular biology skills had significantly improved.The scores of the 'Molecular Biology' exam for the pharmaceutical and biological science major members of the research group were 80.7 and 72.5,re-spectively,which were significantly higher than the average scores of 74.77 and 67.26 for the same ma-jors.The comprehensive ability of students in molecular biology was enhanced.Multiple members of the research group participated in provincial biopharmaceutical skill competitions and won several second and third prizes.They were successfully funded for six undergraduate innovation and entrepreneurship pro-jects,including one provincial-level and five university-level projects,thus effectively improving students' scientific research and innovation capabilities.The thesis defense score of the research group members was 86.12,significantly higher than the average score of 83.43 for all members of the same de-fense group,indicating a significant improvement in students' senior thesis design level and comprehen-sive quality.The rate of the research group members to continue their graduate school study was 90％,significantly higher than the average enrollment rate of 38.61％for the same defense group.Taken to-gether,the establishment of a multidisciplinary cross-research mutual assistance group based on senior thesis optimized teaching resources,integrated teaching advantages,and effectively improved undergradu-ates' molecular biology experimental skills and scientific research skills.

Objective To measure and analyze anatomic parameters of resected distal femurs and proximal tibias in Kaschin-Beck disease(KBD)and osteoarthritic(OA)knees which fit for total knee arthroplasty(TKA),so as to provide basis for designing suitable knee prosthesis for KBD patients.Methods A total of 154 knees(75 KBD and 79 OA)fitting for TKA underwent three-dimensional reconstruction;resection of distal femurs and proximal tibias was simulated during TKA.We measured the distal femoral mediolateral(fML),lateral anteroposterior(fLAP),medial anteroposterior(fMAP),medial condylar width(fMCW),lateral condylar width(fLCW)and fML/fLAP aspect ratio,proximal tibial mediolateral(tML),middle anteroposterior(tAP),medial anteroposterior(tMAP),lateral anteroposterior(tLAP)dimension,and tML/tAP aspect ratio to compare the morphometric differences between KBD and OA knees.Results The measured anatomic parameters of resected distal femurs and proximal tibias in both male and female patients of KBD group were smaller than those of OA knees(P＜0.01).We also found that KBD group had larger distal femur fML/fLAP and proximal tibia tML/tAP aspect ratios than those of OA knees(P＜0.01).This indicated that under a given AP dimension,KBD knees need an oval-shaped prosthesis with a wider ML length and more spherical-shaped prosthesis with relatively narrow ML dimensions in OA knees.Conclusion The anatomy of distal femurs and proximal tibias shows significant differences in size and shape between KBD and OA knees,which provides theoretical basis for designing proper knee prosthesis for KBD patients.

AIM:To investigate the impact of mitochondrial carrier homologous protein 2(MTCH2)on the metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms.METHODS:Human tongue squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 cells were selected as the study model.An MTCH2 inhibition and overexpression model was established using small interfering RNA(siRNA)technology and overexpression plasmids.Based on the experimental design,cells were categorized into the following groups:siRNA negative control(siRNA-NC)group,MTCH2 siRNA(siRNA-MTCH2)group,empty vector(OE-NC)group,and MTCH2 overexpression(OE-MTCH2)group.Transwell as-says and wound healing assays were conducted to assess the invasion and migration capabilities of cells in each group.The morphological changes and distribution of actin microfilaments were examined using a red fluorescent probe.The mito-chondrial membrane potential was evaluated using a mitochondrial membrane potential detection kit.The levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)were measured using a ROS detection kit.Adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production levels were assessed with an ATP detection kit.The protein expression levels of MTCH2 and matrix metalloproteinase 14(MMP14)were analyzed through cell fluorescence and Western blot techniques.RESULTS:The number of invasive cells in the siRNA-MTCH2 group was significantly reduced,and the cell migration rate was notably decreased.Conversely,the OE-MTCH2 group exhibited a significant increase in both the number of invasive cells and the cell migration rate(P<0.01).The fluorescence intensity of F-actin and MTCH2 in the siRNA-MTCH2 group was significantly diminished,while these in-tensities were markedly elevated in the OE-MTCH2 group(P<0.01).The ROS levels in the siRNA-MTCH2 group were significantly higher than those in the siRNA-NC group,whereas the levels of ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential were significantly lower.Conversely,the ROS levels in the OE-MTCH2 group were significantly lower than those in the OE-NC group,with corresponding increases in ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential(P<0.01).The expres-sion levels of MTCH2 and MMP14 proteins in the siRNA-MTCH2 group were significantly lower than those in the siRNA-NC group,while the OE-MTCH2 group showed significantly higher expression levels compared to the OE-NC group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The MTCH2 is associated with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma and may facili-tate the metastasis of CAL-27 cells by regulating mitochondrial function and MMP14 protein expression.Therefore,MTCH2 may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of oral cancer.