Objective This study reports on the obligatory parasitism of water mites Arrenurus sp. on Anopheles messeae at the Manzhouli Port, Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Duing July 2024, a survey on the mosquito diversity was conducted at the Manzhouli Port. Captured mosquitoes and their ectoparasites were identified to species level. Results A total of 1840 adult mosquitoes were collected, representing species from three genera: Culex(Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens pallens), Aedes(Ae. dorsalis, Ae. flavidorsalis, Ae. flavescens), and Anopheles (An. messeae). Among all the mosqutioes specimens,3 out of 150 captured An. messeae were found to carry ectoparasitic mites, with number of 2,4,27 mites separately. Morphological and molecular identification reached the same result as water mites(Hydrachnidiae, Hydracrina). COI gene sequence showed 94% similarity with the closest species Arrenurus truncatellus. Conlusions Literature review suggests water mites are host-specific parasitism of mosquito species and herein with the first record of Arrenurus sp. parasiting on An. Messeae in the most high-latitude region globally.

Malignant tumors are a class of diseases that pose a serious threat to human health, and radiotherapy (RT) is one of the essential treatment modalities. Virtual reality (VR) technology, with its unique characteristics of immersion, interactivity, and imagination, demonstrates tremendous application potential in radiotherapy. Several randomized controlled trials have confirmed that VR, as a non-pharmacological intervention, can effectively alleviate anxiety in patients, especially children, and improve treatment adherence. In medical education and professional training, VR provides safe training platforms for radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and radiation therapists through the construction of high-fidelity virtual environments. These platforms can be used for training skills in target volume delineation, treatment plan evaluation, and equipment quality control, thereby significantly improving training efficiency and quality. Furthermore, VR technology enables three-dimensional visualization and intuitive evaluation of treatment plans, facilitates multidisciplinary team (MDT) collaboration, and provides new paradigms for the development of real-time guidance technologies that integrate with augmented reality. This article systematically reviews the current applications of VR technology in the clinical practice, medical education, radiation protection, and scientific research of radiotherapy. It also discusses future prospects for integrating VR with artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR), and haptic feedback technologies. This review provides a valuable reference for the standardized application of VR technology in radiotherapy and radiation protection in China.

ObjectiveMigraine is a leading neurological disorder and the fourth most common cause of years lived with disability worldwide, affecting nearly 116 million individuals. Although pharmacological treatments are available, their efficacy is often limited by side effects and variable response rates. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) offers a safe, non-invasive alternative for migraine management. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms, particularly how rTMS modulates local cortical excitability and distributed pain-related circuits, remain poorly understood. Elucidating these mechanisms is essential for optimizing treatment protocols and improving clinical outcomes. MethodsThis study employed concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) to investigate neuroplastic and neurocircuitry mechanisms of DLPFC-rTMS in migraine. Study 1 compared 30 migraineurs and 28 healthy controls to identify abnormalities in TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) and significant current density (SCD) within sensory-discriminative regions including the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and posterior insula (pINS), cognitive-affective regions including the anterior insula (aINS) and midcingulate cortex (MCC), and a descending modulatory region, the periaqueductal gray (PAG). Study 2 used a single-blind, crossover, sham-controlled design in 34 healthy participants. Each participant received both active (10 Hz, 80% RMT, 1 500 pulses) and sham DLPFC-rTMS in counterbalanced order. TMS-EEG and cold pain tolerance were assessed before and after each session. ResultsIn Study 1, migraineurs showed a significantly less negative N120 amplitude compared to healthy controls (P=0.027, Cohen’s d=0.60), indicating local intracortical disinhibition. No group differences were observed for N40, P60, or P180 components. At the source level, migraineurs exhibited significantly higher SCD in the S1, pINS, aINS, and MCC (allQ<0.05), but not in the ventroposterior thalamus (vpTHAL), mediodorsal thalamus (mdTHAL), or PAG. In Study 2, active rTMS significantly reduced SCD from pre- to post-stimulation in the S1, aINS, and MCC (all Q<0.05). Sham stimulation also reduced SCD in the S1 (Q<0.05) but not in the aINS or MCC. Although no significant group-level analgesic effect was observed between active and sham conditions (P=0.107), correlation analyses revealed that greater SCD reductions in the S1 and MCC were significantly associated with higher post-rTMS pain tolerance (R=-0.487 and -0.495, both Q<0.01) and larger improvements in pain tolerance(R=-0.487 and -0.451, both Q<0.05). No such correlations were found following sham stimulation, suggesting that the behavioural relevance of neural changes is specific to active rTMS. ConclusionThis study provides novel evidence that migraineurs exhibit both local neuroplastic abnormalities (reduced N120 amplitude) and hyperactivity in key pain-processing regions (S1, pINS, aINS, MCC). A single session of DLPFC-rTMS reduced hyperactivity in the aINS, MCC, and S1. Notably, greater reductions in the S1 and MCC were associated with improved pain tolerance. These findings identify distinct cortical circuitries, particularly within the cognitive-affective pain network, that may serve as potential biomarkers for optimizing rTMS treatment in migraine and other chronic pain conditions. Future studies should validate these results in patient populations experiencing spontaneous migraine attacks and explore multi-session or accelerated rTMS protocols.

Malignant tumors are a class of diseases that pose a serious threat to human health, and radiotherapy (RT) is one of the essential treatment modalities. Virtual reality (VR) technology, with its unique characteristics of immersion, interactivity, and imagination, demonstrates tremendous application potential in radiotherapy. Several randomized controlled trials have confirmed that VR, as a non-pharmacological intervention, can effectively alleviate anxiety in patients, especially children, and improve treatment adherence. In medical education and professional training, VR provides safe training platforms for radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and radiation therapists through the construction of high-fidelity virtual environments. These platforms can be used for training skills in target volume delineation, treatment plan evaluation, and equipment quality control, thereby significantly improving training efficiency and quality. Furthermore, VR technology enables three-dimensional visualization and intuitive evaluation of treatment plans, facilitates multidisciplinary team (MDT) collaboration, and provides new paradigms for the development of real-time guidance technologies that integrate with augmented reality. This article systematically reviews the current applications of VR technology in the clinical practice, medical education, radiation protection, and scientific research of radiotherapy. It also discusses future prospects for integrating VR with artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR), and haptic feedback technologies. This review provides a valuable reference for the standardized application of VR technology in radiotherapy and radiation protection in China.

Malignant tumors are a class of diseases that pose a serious threat to human health, and radiotherapy (RT) is one of the essential treatment modalities. Virtual reality (VR) technology, with its unique characteristics of immersion, interactivity, and imagination, demonstrates tremendous application potential in radiotherapy. Several randomized controlled trials have confirmed that VR, as a non-pharmacological intervention, can effectively alleviate anxiety in patients, especially children, and improve treatment adherence. In medical education and professional training, VR provides safe training platforms for radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and radiation therapists through the construction of high-fidelity virtual environments. These platforms can be used for training skills in target volume delineation, treatment plan evaluation, and equipment quality control, thereby significantly improving training efficiency and quality. Furthermore, VR technology enables three-dimensional visualization and intuitive evaluation of treatment plans, facilitates multidisciplinary team (MDT) collaboration, and provides new paradigms for the development of real-time guidance technologies that integrate with augmented reality. This article systematically reviews the current applications of VR technology in the clinical practice, medical education, radiation protection, and scientific research of radiotherapy. It also discusses future prospects for integrating VR with artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR), and haptic feedback technologies. This review provides a valuable reference for the standardized application of VR technology in radiotherapy and radiation protection in China.

Objective To investigate the incidence and adverse prognosis of late onset sepsis(LOS)in neonates in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).Methods A retrospective study was conducted to collect and analyze the peri-natal condition,underlying diseases,invasive procedures,and adverse prognosis of neonates in NICU of a regional maternal and child healthcare hospital from 2019 to 2023.According to whether LOS occurred during hospitaliza-tion,neonates were divided into LOS group and non-LOS group.The LOS group was divided into 5 subgroups based on whether invasive procedures were performed:LOS plus umbilical vein catheter(UVC)group,LOS plus peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC)group,LOS plus sequential catheter group,LOS plus tracheal intuba-tion group,and LOS plus lumbar puncture group,the relationship between LOS and adverse prognosis was ana-lyzed.Results Among 2 945 neonates in NICU,354(12.02％)developed LOS.Comparison between LOS groups and non-LOS group were as follows:in term of perinatal condition of neonates,there were statistically significant difference in weight,gestational age,and whether they were twins between the two groups(all P＜0.001);in term of underlying diseases,there were statistically significant differences in the number of cases of maternal gestational hypertension,neonatal asphyxia,neonatal congenital heart disease,neonatal ventricular dilation,neonatal pneumo-nia,neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia,and neonatal anemia,as well as five invasive procedures between the two groups(all P＜0.05).Compared with the non-LOS group,the incidences of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP),neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis(NNEC),bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD),and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS)in LOS group were all higher(all P＜0.001).Regression analysis showed that compared with the non-LOS groups,the risk of ROP increased in the LOS group and its subgroups,with the LOS plus sequential catheter group having a 2.27-fold higher risk of ROP than non-LOS group;the risk of NNEC increased in the LOS group and its subgroups,with the LOS plus UVC group having an 8.29-fold higher risk of NNEC than the non-LOS group.Except for the LOS plus UVC group,the risk of BPD increased in the LOS group and other subgroups,with the LOS plus PICC group and LOS plus sequential catheter group having 4.68-and 4.64-fold higher risk of BPD than the non-LOS group,respectively;the risk of NRDS in the LOS plus PICC group was 6.84-fold higher than the non-LOS group(all P＜0.05).The top three pathogens causing LOS were coagulase negative Staphylococcus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Escherichia coli.Conclusion LOS can significantly increase the risks of ROP,NNEC,BPD,and NRDS.LOS plus invasive procedures can further increase the risk of adverse prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the detection and clinical features of human rhinovirus（HRV）infection in children from the Xiamen area.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on children treated at Xiamen Children's Hospital from November 2021 to October 2022.Thirteen types of multiplex respiratory pathogen detection kits were used to screen for 13 common respiratory pathogens. Clinical data of HRV-positive hospitalized children were collected.Results:（1）Among 8 420 children with acute respiratory infections，HRV had the highest detection rate at 20.40%（1 718/8 420），followed by HMPV（10.12%），H3N2（7.46%），HRSV（6.94%），and HPIV（6.59%）.HRV was detected throughout the year，with the highest proportion in May（18.42%）.（2）Out of 1 718 children with HRV infection，863 cases were hospitalized for pneumonia（50.23%，863/1 718）.The median age of hospitalized children was 2.58（1.07，4.20）years old，with 53.77% under 3 years old.（3）The main clinical manifestations of HRV pneumonia were cough（97.68%，843/863），fever（58.05%，501/863），runny nose（57.01%，492/863），nasal congestion（36.96%，319/863），and wheezing（24.33%，210/843）. The HRV pneumonia co-infection group showed statistically significant differences in fever and hospitalization days compared to the single HRV pneumonia infection group（all P<0.05）.（4）Compared to the common pneumonia group，the severe HRV pneumonia group showed statistically significant differences in fever，runny nose，wheezing and hospitalization days the CRP, PCT, LDH levels, and the number of antibiotic applications after hospitalization（all P<0.05）. Conclusion:HRV infection is detected year-round in Xiamen，pneumonia is common，with children under 3 years old being particularly susceptible.It is important to be alert to mixed infections or severe pneumonia.Clinical treatment should avoid unnecessary antibiotic use，actively and provide appropriate treatment.

Aim To investigate the mechanism of 8-hydroxygenistein(8-OHG)in mitigating high-altitude induced heart injury(HAHI)via network pharmacolo-gy,molecular docking and animal experiment.Meth-ods 8-OHG-related targets were obtained from Swis-sTargetPrediction,Similarity ensemble approach,Su-perPred and PharmMapper databases.Genecards and OMIM databases were utilized for retrieving HAHI-re-lated targets.Venn diagram was drawn using R pack-age.STRING 11.5 and Cytoscape 3.9.1 were used to construct the protein-protein interaction network and screen core targets.GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were carried out using DAVID database.AutoDock Vi-na software was used for molecular docking.Visualiza-tion was performed using PyMOL 3.0.0 software.The HAHI model was established,and the the mice were randomly divided into the control group,model group and 8-OHG group.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the pathological changes of myo-cardial tissue.Western blot was applied for detecting the expression levels of related proteins in myocardial tissue.Results A total of 73 overlapping targets be-tween 8-OHG and HAHI were screened,with ALB,AKT1,ESR1,HSP90AA1,NFKB1 and MMP9 were regarded as core targets.Molecular docking results in-dicated that 8-OHG had strong binding ability with these core targets.GO functional enrichment analysis obtained 185 biological processes,including negative regulation of apoptosis,response to hypoxia and in-flammatory response,38 cell compositions,including cytosol,cytoplasm,plasma membrane,as well as 71 molecular functions,including protein binding,metal ion binding,enzyme binding and so on.Altogether 55 signaling pathways were identified via KEGG enrich-ment analysis,including PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway.The results of animal experiments showed that 8-OHG could significantly improve the myocardial histopatho-logical change induced by high-altitude hypoxia expo-sure.Western blot results showed that compared with the normal group,the ratio of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt in the myocardial tissue of mice in the model group significantly decreased,while the protein expres-sion of Beclin-1 and the ratio of LC3B-Ⅱ/LC3B-Ⅰsignificantly increased,while 8-OHG could reverse these changes.Conclusion The mechanism of 8-OHG in alleviating HAHI is related to its activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,thereby inhibiting auto-phagy induced by high-altitude hypoxia exposure.

Objective To analyze the association between lifestyle and the risk of type 2 diabetes(T2D)among adult residents.Methods The data was sourced from the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank.A total of 42 096 adult residents who had not developed T2D were recruited from four districts of Shanghai(Songjiang,Jiading,Minhang,and Xuhui)between 2016 and 2019.The follow-up ended on Feb 28,2023.A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on six lifestyle-related items,including smoking,alcohol consumption,BMI,waist circumference(WC),physical activity,and diet.The unhealthy lifestyle scores(UHLS)were calculated by counting the number of all the unhealthy lifestyle items,with a range of 0-6.New-onset T2D events diagnosed by physicians were obtained through the medical information system.Cox proportional hazards regression model and restricted cubic spline model were utilized to evaluate the association between unhealthy lifestyles and the risk of T2D incidence.Results About 28.1%of the participants led 4-6 unhealthy lifestyles.A total of 1 752 new T2D cases were identified during 218 513.4 person-years of follow-up.Analysis of single unhealthy lifestyle showed that abnormal WC(HR=1.5,95%CI:1.4-1.7)and abnormal BMI(HR=1.3,95%CI:1.2-1.5)were associated with an increased risk of T2D.Compared with individuals with a UHLS of 0-1,those with a UHLS of 3 and 4-6 had 30%(95%CI:1.1-1.6)and 50%(95%CI:1.2-1.8)higher risks of T2D,respectively.Each additional unhealthy lifestyle was associated with a 10%increase in T2D incidence risk(HR=1.1,95%CI:1.1-1.2).Conclusion The risk of T2D in adult residents increases with the cumulative number of unhealthy lifestyles.Adult residents with abnormal WC or BMI,or have three or more unhealthy lifestyles accumulated,will increase the risk of new-onset T2D.

AIM To study the effects of Jiaotai Pills and their single composition drugs on high-fat diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation in obese mice.METHODS C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the normal group(15 mice)and the high-fat group(75 mice).The mice given 12 weeks of high-fat diet feeding were further randomly divided into the model group,the Jiaotai Pills group,the Coptis chinensis group,the Cinnamomum cassia group and the positive metformin group,with 15 mice in each group.After 6 weeks of administration,the mice had their body weight and fasting blood glucose(FBG)levels detected;their hypothalamic expressions of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α and Socs3 mRNA detected by RT-qPCR;their hypothalamic expressions of TLR4,MyD88,IKKβ and activated NF-κB protein detected by Western blot;their hypothalamic expressions of Iba1 and GFAP detected by immunohistochemistry;and their ultrastructural changes of nerve tissues observed using transmission electron microscopy(TEM).RESULTS Compared with the model group,each drug group displayed decreased hypothalamic expressions of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α and Socs3 mRNA(P＜0.01),and improved number and morphology of nerve cells revealed by TEM.The groups intervened with Jiaotai Pills,or Coptis chinensis,or metformin shared decreased body weight and FBG levels(P＜0.05);decreased protein expressions of TLR4,MyD88,IKKβ and p-NF-κB(P＜0.05);and decreased number of hypothalamic astrocytes and microglia(P＜0.05).Additionally,decreased p-NF-κB protein expression was observed in the Cinnamomum cassia group(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION Jiaotai Pills and their single composition drugs can improve high-fat diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation in obese mice.