WD repeat domain 1(WDR1)is a highly conserved cytoskeleton-associated protein that plays a crucial role in physiological processes such as actin cytoskeleton remodeling,dynamic regulation of intercellular junctions,cell division,and migration.WDR1 exhibits abnormal high ex-pression in various malignant tumors,including breast cancer,ovarian cancer,and thyroid cancer,and has been demonstrated to significantly promote the invasive and migratory capabilities of tumor cells,suggesting its important role in the malignant progression of tumors.Moreover,the expression level of WDR1 is closely related to the clinical prognosis of patients with multiple malignant tumors.Especially in patients with esophageal cancer and osteosarcoma,its high expression often indicates a poor overall survival rate.WDR1 can promote tumor initiation and progression by regulating the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway and the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway.Meanwhile,its expression is also subject to multi-level regulation by transcription activation factors and long non-coding RNAs(lncR-NAs),thereby influencing the proliferation,migration,and other biological behaviors of tumor cells.Additionally,WDR1 can further drive the invasive growth and metastatic potential of tumors by regu-lating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)process.This article aimed to systematically re-view the research progress in recent years regarding the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of WDR1 in tumor initiation and development,with a view to providing new theoretical foundations and research directions for the early diagnosis,prognosis assessment,and individualized treatment of clinical tumors.

Objective: To explore the topological abnormality of brain metabolic network in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and compare it with the topology of brain metabolic network in patients with Parkinson′s disease (PD). Methods: The ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET brain images of 19 patients with iRBD diagnosed with polysomnography (PSG) (iRBD group; 15 males, 4 females, average age: 64.9 years), 19 patients with PD (PD group; 12 males, 7 females, average age: 62.2 years) and 19 gender and age-matched healthy controls (HC group; 15 males, 4 females, average age: 63.1 years) in Huashan Hospital from September 2014 to June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the complex brain network method based on graph theory, the brain metabolic networks of each group was constructed and the network parameters (clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, local efficiency, global efficiency and small-world property, etc) were evaluated quantitatively. The 500 times non-parametric permutation test was used to determine the differences in network parameters between groups. Results: The brain metabolic networks of iRBD group and PD group both had abnormal topological structure, which showed that the characteristic path length (for example, when sparsity=34%, HC vs iRBD vs PD groups: 1.517 vs 1.552 vs 1.561) and local efficiency (for example, when sparsity=30%, HC vs iRBD vs PD groups: 0.802 vs 0.824 vs 0.831) were significantly increased (both P<0.05), the global efficiency (for example, when sparsity=36%, HC vs iRBD vs PD groups: 0.672 vs 0.658 vs 0.656) was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The topology was more aggravated in PD group compared with that in iRBD group. Conclusion The graph-based complex brain network analysis can reveal the abnormal topological structure of the brain metabolic network in which iRBD progresses to PD.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effects of soluble cytokines secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on acute liver failure (ALF).Methods MSCs isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats were determined by FACS analysis.Conditioned medium derived from MSCs (MSCs-CM) was collected and analyzed by a cytokine microarray.SD rats were divided into 3 groups:(1) ALF + dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) group:1 ml DMEM was injected into SD rats after D-Gal administration;(2) ALF + MSCs group:1 ml MSCs (1 × 106) was injected into SD rats after D-Gal administration;(3) ALF + MSCs-CM group:1 ml MSCs-CM was injected into SD rats after D-Gal administration.Biochemical indicators,survival rate,histology and inflammatory factors were studied.Exogenous recombinant rat IL-10,antirat IL-10 antibody and AG490 (STAT3 signaling pathway inhibitor) were administrated to explore the therapeutic mechanism of MSCs-CM.Results The respective serum biochemical indexes of ALF + DMEM group,ALF + MSCs group,and ALF + MSCs-CM group were:ALT (1 709.8 ± 372.1,865.5 ± 52.8,964.7 ± 414.6 U/L),AST (4234.0 ± 807.3,2440.8 ± 511.9,2739.8 ± 587.3 U/L),andTBil (79.3 ± 10.9,43.8 ± 7.0,61.2 ± 6.7 μg/L).The survival rates of the three groups were 10.0％,80.0％,and 70.0％,respectively.The levels of inflammatory factors in each group were IFN-γ (69.8 ± 4.7,46.4 ± 4.3,54.6 ± 2.4pg/ml),IL-1β (58.5 ± 7.6,40.5 ± 6.9,44.1 ± 6.0pg/ml),IL-6 (71.9 ± 16.1,38.4 ± 7.7,45.3 ± 9.0),and IL-10 (38.3 ± 6.0,75.4 ± 11.1,59.6 ± 11.9 pg/ml).Protein microarray results suggested that MSCs-CM expresses a variety of inflammatory-related cytokines,with IL-10 levels being most pronounced.IL-10 (ALT 1 126.9 ± 419.3 U/L,AST2370.8 ± 561.2 U/L) alone significantly reduced transaminase levels compared with ALF group (ALT 1 709.8 ± 372.1 U/L,AST 4234.0 ± 807.3 U/L),while anti-IL-10 antibody (ALT 1 568.5 ± 325.4 U/L,AST4043.7 ± 819.0 U/L) neutralized the therapeutic effect of MSCs-CM (ALT 964.7 ± 414.6 U/L,AST 2 739.8 ± 587.3 U/L).IL-10 could significantly increase the level of pSTAT3 in ALF rats (0.93 ± 0.03 vs 0.68 ± 0.01),while STAT3 inhibitor AG490 (0.84 ± 0.04) could decrease the expression of pSTAT3 and reverse the therapeutic effect of IL-10.Conclusion The factors released by MSCs,especially IL-10,have the potential therapeutic effect on ALF,and STAT3 signaling pathway may mediate the anti-inflammation effects of IL-10.

Objective To summarize the laboratory, pathologic and imaging characteristics of patients with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) retrospectively for early diagnosis and treatment. Methods Eleven AIP patients were selected in our hospital from 2007 to 2009. Laboratory parameters including complete blood count, tumor markers, hemodiastase and autoantibodies were tested. Abdominal ultrasonography and computerized tomography (CT) scanning were also performed. Results Five patients had elevated hemodiastase and liver enzymes, four patients had hyperbilirubinemia and three patients had hyperglobulinemia. Increased serum CA199 levels (mean 78.4 U/ml) were found in six patients. All of the 11 patients had enlarged pancreas on imaging. Four cases were treated with three months of drug therapy. After the treatment, the pancreas volumereturned to normal size, pancreatic duct and bile duct became normal in size. Seven cases received surgical operation. Pathology examination showed fibrous tissue and folliculus lymphaticus formation in the pancreas,with a large number of lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltration. Two of seven cases were diagnosed with Sj(o)gren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis after being followed-up for six to twelve months post-operation.Their symptoms relieved after corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusion AIP is a special type of chronic pancreatitiswith characteristic laboratory, imaging and histological features. Glucocorticoid and immunosuppressive agents therapy are effective for AIP.

Objective To investigate the effects of hypercholesteremia on the motor function of sphincter of Oddi (SO). Methods Thirty-two rabbits were divided into control group and experimental groups. In the control group, the rabbits were fed with normal diet. In the experimental groups, the rabbits were fed with normal diet + cholesterol for 4, 6 and 10 weeks. Myoelectric activity and pressures of SO were detected. All data were analyzed by t test. Results The serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were at a high level in rabbits which were fed with normal diet + cholesterol for 10 weeks (t=9.63, 11.38, P <0.05); basal pressure, pike pressure and amplitude of SO were significantly elevated (t=5.23, 6.34, 3.24, P < 0.05) ; the spike potential of SO changed to myoelectronic activity, with prolonged time period of myoelectronic activity, while the discharge rate was decreased (t=13.68, 10.18, P < 0.05). Conclusion Hypercholesteremia may change the motor function of SO and enhance its peristalsis to speed up the excretion of bile.

Objective To evaluate the effect of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding(LAGB) in patients with obesity and obesity-related comorbidities.Methods From Oct.2006 to Dec.2007,50 morbidly obese patients including 11 cases with type 2 diabetes,3 with hypertension,15 with hyperlipidemia,28 with fatty liver,1 with obstructive sleep-apnea syndrome and 2 cases with gallstones underwent LAGB.The mean follow-up period for these patients was 11.2 months.ranging from 6 to 18 months.The weight loss,obesity-related comorbidities,outcomes and complications were evaluated.Results Mean BMI decreased significantly from preoperative(39±6)kg/m2 to postoperative(31±4)kg/m2,(28±7)kg/m2 and(27±7)kg/m2 respectively at 9,12 and 18 months(P＜0.05).The mean excess weight loss at 9,12 and 18 months postoperatively was 30%±11%、42%±13%and 45%±13% respectively.At 12 and 18 months,respectively,20%and 44%of patients had＞50%excess weight loss.The obesity-related comorbidities resolved or improved in 66%～100%of the patients at 12 and 18 months postoperatively.Complications occurred in 4 cases,among them 3 cases were cured conservatively and in 1 case reoperation was performed. Conclusions Based on short-term follow-up results,LAGB is a safe,effective and feasible technique in the treatment of patients with morbid obesity and obesity-related comorbidities.

Objective To investigate the short-term outcome of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) for morbid obesity complicated with type 2 diabetes. Methods Eight morbidly obese patients with type 2 diabetes underwent LAGB from October 2006 to August 2007. The weight parameters, fasting (FBG) and 2-hour blood glucose (2hBG), medication for diabetes were assessed 1,3, 6 and 9 months after surgery. Results All of the patients lost weight, with a mean body mass index decreased from (38.7±7.5) kg/m2 before LAGB to (30.5±4.3) kg/m2 9 months after LAGB. The FBG and 2hBG were decreased significantly at month 6 and 9 after LAGB, with normal FBG and 2hBG in 4 patients. At month 9 after LAGB, 3 of 5 patients with insulin treatment before LAGB were changed to oral hypoglycemics, 1 was continuously administered with a reduced dose of insulin, and 4 patients stopped any medication. Conclusion LAGB is an effective procedure in the treatment of morbid obesity complicated with type 2 diabetes with a favorable short-term outcome.

We Injecte(?) 12-16 ?l 20—40% HRP in normal sanne into the myocardium orthe anterior wall of the left ventricle in six rats and 10 ?l choleragenoid-horsera-dish peroxidase conjugate(CB-HRP)in three rats.The Th1-3 DRG and the nodoseganglia of both side were removed.The sections of these ganglia were proceeded bythe TMB chromogentic reaction for HRP and immunohistochemical reaction(the firstantibody is the substance P antiserum).There are three types of labeled cells——theHRP labeled cells.Sp-IR cells,and HRP-Sp-IR double labeled cells were observedin the Th1-3 DRG and nodose ganglia of both side.The parts of Sp-IR nerve fib-ers in the heart wall originate from the DRG and nodose ganglia and these neuronsprojecting the HRP-Sp-IR nerve fiber contained substanse P.Their functions may berelated to the pain(nociceptive)sensation of the heart.This study may also be aevidence of the main function of the cardiac sympathetic afferent fiber is the con-duction of the pain sensation.A few of HRP-Sp-IR double labeled cells in thenodose ganglion observed suggest that the cardiac parasympathetic afferent fibermay participate in conduction of the pain sensation.This question requires furtherstudy.