AIM:To establish a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic(PBPK)model for vitamin D in adults,aiming to provide guidance for the ratio-nal clinical use of vitamin D in individuals with vita-min D deficiency.METHODS:Relevant literature and databases were reviewed to obtain the physi-cochemical properties and pharmacokinetic param-eters of vitamin D3.The PBPK model for adult whole-body vitamin D was constructed,optimized,and predicted using PK-Sim? software.The model's predictive performance was evaluated using confi-dence intervals,goodness of fit,and fold error(FE).The effectiveness of commonly used clinical dosing regimens was assessed based on the final opti-mized model,and personalized dosing recommen-dations were provided.RESULTS:The established adult whole-body PBPK model for vitamin D had a goodness of fit R2 of 0.961,approaching 1,and the FE values for AUC0-∞ and Cmax were both within the range of 0.5 and 2,indicating that the constructed PBPK model possesses good data predictive capa-bility.CONCLUSION:A successful PBPK model for oral vitamin D3 in adults has been established,showing good predictive performance for single oral doses of vitamin D3.Single oral doses of vita-min D3(7 500 μg and 15 000 μg)are safe and effec-tive dosing regimens for improving vitamin D insuf-ficiency or deficiency in Asian adults.Regular moni-toring of vitamin D levels before and during treat-ment is recommended to achieve the optimal out-comes of personalized therapy.

AIM:To establish a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic(PBPK)model for vitamin D in adults,aiming to provide guidance for the ratio-nal clinical use of vitamin D in individuals with vita-min D deficiency.METHODS:Relevant literature and databases were reviewed to obtain the physi-cochemical properties and pharmacokinetic param-eters of vitamin D3.The PBPK model for adult whole-body vitamin D was constructed,optimized,and predicted using PK-Sim? software.The model's predictive performance was evaluated using confi-dence intervals,goodness of fit,and fold error(FE).The effectiveness of commonly used clinical dosing regimens was assessed based on the final opti-mized model,and personalized dosing recommen-dations were provided.RESULTS:The established adult whole-body PBPK model for vitamin D had a goodness of fit R2 of 0.961,approaching 1,and the FE values for AUC0-∞ and Cmax were both within the range of 0.5 and 2,indicating that the constructed PBPK model possesses good data predictive capa-bility.CONCLUSION:A successful PBPK model for oral vitamin D3 in adults has been established,showing good predictive performance for single oral doses of vitamin D3.Single oral doses of vita-min D3(7 500 μg and 15 000 μg)are safe and effec-tive dosing regimens for improving vitamin D insuf-ficiency or deficiency in Asian adults.Regular moni-toring of vitamin D levels before and during treat-ment is recommended to achieve the optimal out-comes of personalized therapy.

Objective To analyze the treatment effects of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation(ECPR)in 3 patients with cardiac arrest due to cardiac causes in a mountain area hospital,providing a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods The combined treatment process of 3 patients with cardiogenic cardiac arrest admitted to Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County People's Hospital from January to December 2023 was retrospectively analyzed,and the treatment experience was summarized.Results All 3 patients underwent continuous cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation while urgently initiating the ECPR combined rescue process.First,a central venous catheter(CVC)was established under ultrasound guidance to create access for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO).Once the ECMO equipment from a higher-level hospital arrived,the circuit was replaced,significantly reducing the time required for subsequent patient treatment.Finally,two patients with acute myocardial infarction underwent emergency coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)under ECMO support,resulting in the restoration of spontaneous cardiac rhythm and gradual stabilization of vital signs.The last patient was discharged after recovery following transfer to a higher-level hospital,while another patient received rehabilitation treatment after hemodynamic stability was achieved.The third patient,who experienced cardiac arrest due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,regained spontaneous rhythm after ECMO,but due to poor neurological recovery after transfer to a higher-level hospital,the family chose to withdraw treatment.Conclusions ECPR is a rapid extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation method for patients who cannot regain spontaneous rhythm or experience recurrent cardiac arrest.It aims to improve patient survival rates.In grassroots medical centers lacking the necessary conditions,early assistance from regional advanced medical centers can ensure rapid transfer and surgery under ECMO support,providing a guarantee for favorable patient outcomes.

Objective To analyze the treatment effects of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation(ECPR)in 3 patients with cardiac arrest due to cardiac causes in a mountain area hospital,providing a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods The combined treatment process of 3 patients with cardiogenic cardiac arrest admitted to Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County People's Hospital from January to December 2023 was retrospectively analyzed,and the treatment experience was summarized.Results All 3 patients underwent continuous cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation while urgently initiating the ECPR combined rescue process.First,a central venous catheter(CVC)was established under ultrasound guidance to create access for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO).Once the ECMO equipment from a higher-level hospital arrived,the circuit was replaced,significantly reducing the time required for subsequent patient treatment.Finally,two patients with acute myocardial infarction underwent emergency coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)under ECMO support,resulting in the restoration of spontaneous cardiac rhythm and gradual stabilization of vital signs.The last patient was discharged after recovery following transfer to a higher-level hospital,while another patient received rehabilitation treatment after hemodynamic stability was achieved.The third patient,who experienced cardiac arrest due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,regained spontaneous rhythm after ECMO,but due to poor neurological recovery after transfer to a higher-level hospital,the family chose to withdraw treatment.Conclusions ECPR is a rapid extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation method for patients who cannot regain spontaneous rhythm or experience recurrent cardiac arrest.It aims to improve patient survival rates.In grassroots medical centers lacking the necessary conditions,early assistance from regional advanced medical centers can ensure rapid transfer and surgery under ECMO support,providing a guarantee for favorable patient outcomes.