Objective:To analyze and evaluate the oral diseases burden in China from 1990 to 2021,and provide references on oral health policies making and adjustment. Methods:Using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) results,it described the trend of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and DALYs rates from 1990 to 2021,analyzed the population and disease distribution and made an international comparisons. Results:From 1990 to 2021,the DALYs increased from 2.355 million person-years to 4.4001 million person-years,and the DALYs rate increased from 188.20 person-years/105 to 309.27 person-years/105. In terms of population distribution,the DALYs of oral diseases in females (2.3548 million person-years) were higher than that in males (2.0453 million person-years) in 2021,and the burden was clustered in middle-aged and elderly people. In terms of disease composition,the proportion of edentulism was more than 40％. In terms of international comparison,the DALYs accounted for 18.95％ of the world,and ranked first. The DALYs rate is in the middle,far lower than that of developed countries. Conclusion:From 1990 to 2021,the burden of oral diseases was on the rise,which was heavier than that in other countries. Moreover,there were differences between population and diseases. Attention should be paid to preventing and reducing the risk of disease and actively carry out treatment.

Objective:To analyze and evaluate the oral diseases burden in China from 1990 to 2021,and provide references on oral health policies making and adjustment. Methods:Using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) results,it described the trend of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and DALYs rates from 1990 to 2021,analyzed the population and disease distribution and made an international comparisons. Results:From 1990 to 2021,the DALYs increased from 2.355 million person-years to 4.4001 million person-years,and the DALYs rate increased from 188.20 person-years/105 to 309.27 person-years/105. In terms of population distribution,the DALYs of oral diseases in females (2.3548 million person-years) were higher than that in males (2.0453 million person-years) in 2021,and the burden was clustered in middle-aged and elderly people. In terms of disease composition,the proportion of edentulism was more than 40％. In terms of international comparison,the DALYs accounted for 18.95％ of the world,and ranked first. The DALYs rate is in the middle,far lower than that of developed countries. Conclusion:From 1990 to 2021,the burden of oral diseases was on the rise,which was heavier than that in other countries. Moreover,there were differences between population and diseases. Attention should be paid to preventing and reducing the risk of disease and actively carry out treatment.

AIM: To explore the effect of Snail1 siRNA on high-glucose induced tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (TEMT). METHODS: Subconfluent renal tubular epithelial cells were incubated in serum-free DMEM for 24 h to arrest and synchronize the cell growth. Then cells were treated with normal glucose (5.5 mmol/L D-glucose) or high glucose (25 mmol/L D-glucose) for 72 h. Meanwhile 19.5 mmol/L D-manntiol was used as high osmotic control. Snail1 siRNA was transfected into tubular epithelial cells. In parallel, cells were transfected with non-specific siRNA which served as the control data sets. Cells were then treated with 25 mmol/L D-glucose for 72 h. RNA and cell lysates were collected to determine the protein and mRNA levels of Snail1, TGF-β_1, α-SMA, vimentin and E-cadherin. RESULTS: Transfection caused the decreases in Snail1 at mRNA and protein levels by 62% and 68% respectively as compared to those in untransfected cells cultured in high glucose medium. Western blotting exhibited that Snail1 siRNA transfection restored E-cadherin protein expression by 61% compared to that in high-glucose-treatment cells, whereas it inhibited high-glucose-induced induction of α-SMA protein by 58%. Similarly, RT-PCR revealed that Snail1 siRNA transfection dramatically suppressed the high-glucose-induced mRNA expressions of α-SMA and vimentin by 72% and 61%, respectively, while E-cadherin mRNA increased by 53%. CONCLUSION: Our study provides direct evidence that Snail1 is able to control TEMT.

Objective:To investigate the purified methods of human anti-D antibody from IgG contained anti-D. Methods:The IgG was separated by the column ion-exchange chromatography(CIEC) from the plasma in which the content of anti-D was 0.814 ?g/ml. Then the IgG preparation contained anti-D was purified by the affinity chromatography(AC) with the O group, RhD positive red blood cell (genotype CCDee). Results:The content of non anti-D IgG were reduced about 90% by the method of AC and the proportion of anti-D could be significantly increased in the final preperation. The quality of final preparation attained reqirements of national standard of biologics. Conclusion:This method is able to purify anti-D from IgG contained anti-D and offer a reference for plasma products.