BACKGROUND:Previous studies have found that Jiangu Formula can play a dual role in anti-osteoporosis therapy by inhibiting bone resorption and promoting bone formation,but its mechanism of action has not been elucidated.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Jiangu Formula on the coupling mechanism between bone resorption and bone formation at the cellular and molecular levels.METHODS:Serum containing Jiangu Formula was prepared and its toxicity to bone marrow derived macrophages was determined using MTT assay.The cell proliferation ability of MC3T3-E1 cells that treated Jiangu Formula medicated serum was measured by using cell counting kit-8 method.Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase staining was used to determine the bone resorption inhibition effect of serum containing Jiangu Formula on osteoclast differentiation.The Jiangu Fang conditional culture medium was prepared and the promoting effect of the conditional culture medium on bone formation of MC3T3-E1 was determined through alkaline phosphatase staining.The effect of serum containing Jiangu Formula on the mRNA levels of osteoclast associated sphingosine kinase 2,collagen triple helix repeat containing 1,and slit homolog 3 coupled genes,as well as the effect of conditioned culture medium on the mRNA levels of bone formation related secreted phosphoprotein 1,alkaline phosphatase,Sp7 transcription factor,and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine genes,were determined by RT-qPCR method.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The MTT and cell counting kit-8 methods showed that serum containing Jiangu Formula had no significant cytotoxic effects at a concentration of<5%.(2)Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase staining results indicated that serum containing Jiangu Formula dose-dependently inhibited osteoclast differentiation at 2.5%,1.25%,and 0.63%concentrations.(3)The alkaline phosphatase staining results showed that the osteoclast conditioned medium of Jiangu Formula promoted osteoblast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner.(4)In addition,RT-qPCR results showed that serum containing 0.63%Jiangu Formula could increase the mRNA levels of osteoclast derived slit homolog 3 and sphingosine kinase 2 coupling factors,and the conditional culture medium could increase the mRNA expression levels of bone formation related secreted phosphoprotein 1,Sp7 transcription factor,and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine.To conclude,the serum containing Jiangu Formula can promote bone formation while inhibiting bone resorption,and its mechanism may be related to the mRNA expression of the coupling factors osteoclast derived slit homolog 3 and sphingosine kinase 2 that promote bone resorption and bone formation.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have found that Jiangu Formula can play a dual role in anti-osteoporosis therapy by inhibiting bone resorption and promoting bone formation,but its mechanism of action has not been elucidated.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Jiangu Formula on the coupling mechanism between bone resorption and bone formation at the cellular and molecular levels.METHODS:Serum containing Jiangu Formula was prepared and its toxicity to bone marrow derived macrophages was determined using MTT assay.The cell proliferation ability of MC3T3-E1 cells that treated Jiangu Formula medicated serum was measured by using cell counting kit-8 method.Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase staining was used to determine the bone resorption inhibition effect of serum containing Jiangu Formula on osteoclast differentiation.The Jiangu Fang conditional culture medium was prepared and the promoting effect of the conditional culture medium on bone formation of MC3T3-E1 was determined through alkaline phosphatase staining.The effect of serum containing Jiangu Formula on the mRNA levels of osteoclast associated sphingosine kinase 2,collagen triple helix repeat containing 1,and slit homolog 3 coupled genes,as well as the effect of conditioned culture medium on the mRNA levels of bone formation related secreted phosphoprotein 1,alkaline phosphatase,Sp7 transcription factor,and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine genes,were determined by RT-qPCR method.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The MTT and cell counting kit-8 methods showed that serum containing Jiangu Formula had no significant cytotoxic effects at a concentration of<5%.(2)Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase staining results indicated that serum containing Jiangu Formula dose-dependently inhibited osteoclast differentiation at 2.5%,1.25%,and 0.63%concentrations.(3)The alkaline phosphatase staining results showed that the osteoclast conditioned medium of Jiangu Formula promoted osteoblast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner.(4)In addition,RT-qPCR results showed that serum containing 0.63%Jiangu Formula could increase the mRNA levels of osteoclast derived slit homolog 3 and sphingosine kinase 2 coupling factors,and the conditional culture medium could increase the mRNA expression levels of bone formation related secreted phosphoprotein 1,Sp7 transcription factor,and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine.To conclude,the serum containing Jiangu Formula can promote bone formation while inhibiting bone resorption,and its mechanism may be related to the mRNA expression of the coupling factors osteoclast derived slit homolog 3 and sphingosine kinase 2 that promote bone resorption and bone formation.

Currently, there are limited strategies for convenient and rapid wound repair in clinical practice. In recent years, in-situ cell electrospinning (IS-CE) technology, developed from in-situ electrospinning (IS-E) technology, has emerged. IS-CE technology involves encapsulating living cells within micro-nanofibers to construct living fibrous tissue scaffolds in situ, making some progress in wound repair applications. However, this technology still faces limitations such as low cell survival rate and poor fiber stability. This article provides a comprehensive review on the current status of both IS-E and IS-CE technologies, as well as the application of IS-CE technology in wound repair. In addition, the advantages, limitations, and improvement methods of IS-CE technology applied in wound treatment are emphatically discussed, aiming to provide insights for its application in tissue engineering and wound repair.

Qualitative content analysis is one of the commonly used data analysis methods in qualitative research,and it is increasingly widely used in the nursing field.This article briefly introduces the origin and development process of qualitative content analysis and the definition and background of 3 common types of content analysis.It also describes the analysis steps of the 3 common content analysis in detail by combining the latest research at home and abroad.In addition,it discusses the joint use of multiple content analysis methods.The goal of this article is to improve the understanding of qualitative content analysis among nursing staff and effectively promote the scientific,and standardized application of this method in the nursing field.

Objective To investigate the changes in gastrointestinal hormones during the progression of liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to provide a basis for digestive function impairment. Methods A prospective analysis was performed for 326 patients with NAFLD who attended the outpatient service and were hospitalized and treated in Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine from October 2018 to June 2020, and FibroTouch was used to measure liver stiffness measurement (LSM). According to the presence or absence of liver fibrosis, they were divided into non-liver fibrosis group (group A, 161 patients with LSM < 7.3 kPa) and liver fibrosis group (group B, 165 patients with LSM ≥7.3 kPa). According to the fibrosis degree, the patients were further divided into F0-1 group (LSM < 7.3 kPa), F2 group (7.3 kPa ≤LSM < 9.7 kPa), F2-3 group (9.7 kPa ≤LSM < 12.4 kPa), F3-4 group (12.4 kPa ≤LSM < 17.5 kPa), and F4 group (LSM ≥17.5 kPa). Related data were collected, including age, sex, liver function parameters, and gastrointestinal hormones. The independent samples t -test and the one-way analysis of variance were used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups. A Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between LSM and liver function parameters. Results Comparison of liver function and gastrointestinal hormones showed that there were significant differences between groups A and B in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ( Z =-3.778, P < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ( Z =-3.320, P =0.001), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) ( Z =-3.040, P =0.002), cholecystokinin (CCK) ( t =-2.944, P =0.003), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ( Z =-2.317, P =0.020). There were significant differences in ALT ( χ 2 =23.113, P < 0.001), AST ( χ 2 =23.415, P < 0.001), ALP ( χ 2 =15.962, P =0.003), GGT ( χ 2 =20.172, P < 0.001), and CCK ( F =2.687, P =0.031) between the F0-1 group with 161 patients, the F2 group with 89 patients, the F2-3 group with 46 patients, the F3-4 group with 16 patients, and the F4 group with 14 patients. LSM was positively correlated with direct bilirubin, ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, and GGT ( r =0.128, 0.266, 0.225, 0.137, and 0.213, all P < 0.05). Conclusion Liver fibrosis progression in NAFLD can affect gallbladder contraction function and gastrointestinal function, and measurement of the serum levels of CCK and LPS has an important clinical value in the early diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases related to gallbladder contraction function and gastrointe stinal function in NAFLD patients with liver fibrosis.

Objective To investigate whether the progression of liver fibrosis affects endothelial function in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to early identify the warning of cardiovascular diseases caused by endothelial dysfunction by liver fibrosis progression. Methods A total of 280 patients who attended the outpatient service or were hospitalized in Department of Liver Disease, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, from April 2019 to October 2020 were enrolled, and they were diagnosed with fatty liver disease by ultrasound and met the diagnostic criteria for NAFLD. General information and related serological markers were collected and recorded. FibroTouch technique was performed for the NAFLD patients diagnosed by ultrasound to record their fat attenuation parameter (FAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM), and according to LSM, the patients were divided into non-progressive fibrosis group (239 patients with LSM < 11 kPa) and progressive fibrosis group (41 patients with LSM ≥11 kPa) to analyze the association between liver fibrosis progression and endothelin-1 (ET-1)/nitric oxide (NO) in NAFLD. The t -test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the Spearman method was used for correlation analysis. Results There were no significant differences between the non-progressive fibrosis group and the progressive fibrosis group in the expression levels of ET-1( Z =-0.190, P =0.849) and NO( Z =-1.509, P =0.131), and there were significant differences between the two groups in body mass index (BMI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ( Z =-3.977, -4.162, -3.471, -3.201, -3.202, and -3.311, all P < 0.05). The Spearman analysis showed that LSM was not correlated with ET-1, NO, and NO/ET-1 ( r s =-0.046, 0.086, and 0.104, all P > 0.05). Further analysis of the correlation of ET-1 and NO with each index showed that ET-1 was not correlated with age, NO, ALT, AST, GGT, total cholesterol, TG, HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), FAP, and BMI ( r s =-0.017, 0.054, -0.067, -0.016, -0.031, 0.004, 0.051, -0.084, -0.030, 0.080, and 0.044, all P > 0.05), and NO was not correlated with age, ET-1, ALT, AST, GGT, total cholesterol, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, FAP, and BMI ( r s =0.004, 0.054, 0.011, 0.052, 0.004, -0.051, -0.052, -0.012, -0.076, -0.013, and -0.021, all P > 0.05). Conclusion This study shows that liver fibrosis progression in NAFLD has no impact on ET-1 and NO, suggesting that fibrosis progression may have no influence on endothelial function.

Objective:To study the relationship among lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2 ) gene A379V and T403V locus polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility of coronary heart disease (CHD) .Methods:Lp‐PLA2 gene A379V and T403V locus polymorphisms of 160 coronary angiography confirmed CHD patients (CHD group ) and 117 healthy subjects (healthy control group ) were measured using gene sequencing technique .ELISA was used to measure blood lipids and plasma Lp‐PLA2 level in two groups ,and they were compared between two groups . Results:Compared with healthy control group ,there were significant rise in age ,male proportion ,plasma levels of hs‐cTnI ,hsCRP ,TC ,LDL‐C , Lp (a) ,WBC ,mononuclear cells (MNCs) and Lp‐PLA2 [ (119.98 ± 49.41) ng/ml vs .(248.59 ± 76.51) ng/ml] ,and significant reduction in HDL‐C level in CHD group ( P<0.01 all) .The CC , CT , TT genotype and C , T allele were de‐tected all in A379V and T403C locus of two groups .Compared with healthy control group ,there were significant rise in frequencies of CC genotype (1.7% vs .9.3% ) and C allele (13.7% vs .20.3% ) of Lp‐PLA2 gene T403C locus in CHD group , P< 0.05 both . All genotypes and alleles of A379V locus possessed no significant difference between CHD and healthy control group . Conclusion:Plasma Lp‐PLA2 level may be related to CHD risk .Lp‐PLA2 gene T403C locus poly‐morphism possesses certain relationship with genetic susceptibility of CHD .

Objective To investigate the effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on post-stroke disfunction of cognition and memory by stimulating right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Methods 40 patients were randomized into the rTMS (n=19) and sham (n=21) groups. The function of cognition and memory were measured before treatment, after treatment and 2 months post-treatment with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) and Rivermead Behaviour Memory Test (RBMT). Results All scores improved in both groups after treatment and 2 months post-treatment (P< 0.001), and improved more in the rTMS group than in the sham group (P<0.01). Conclusion Low-frequency rTMS may improve the function of memory and cognition after stoke.

Objective To investigate the effect of rehabilitation on memory deficits after acquired brain injury, to compare different training models of memory rehabilitation and to analyze the possible factors affecting memory rehabilitation. Methods 144 patients with acquired brain injury following memory deficits were randomly assigned to computer-assisted training group, face-to-face training group and control group. Both training groups were given memory-based cognitive training program once a day which sustained 30 minutes for 6 or 12 weeks. The instantaneous memory, short-term memory and long-term memory were evaluated and compared before and after training. The effect of gender, age, education, course, site of injury and coma time on training efficacy were analyszed as well. Results 6 weeks and 12 weeks at training, both computer-assisted and face-to-face training groups showed a significant improvement in memory abilities when compared to controls (P<0.01), with the former making more progress (P<0.01). Negative correlation was found between age and memory performance. Conclusion Effectiveness of memory rehabilitation is proven. 12 weeks training can significantly improve memory. Cognitive training using professional equipment is significantly more effective than the face-to-face training and should be recommended.

Objective To compare the efficacy of different rehabilitation models on acalculia after acquired brain injury. Methods 113 cases were randomly assigned to 3 groups: control group(n=37), computer-assisted training group(n=38) and face-to-face training group(n=38). The control group just received cognitive dysfunction evaluation. The training groups received cognitive rehabilitation training 5 days a week and 30 minutes a day which sustained for 6 weeks. And 33 patients were selected to prolong for 12 weeks. They were evaluated with Revised EC301Calculation and Number Processing Battery in Chinese version (EC301-CR) at the beginning, the 6th week point and the 12th week point respectively. Results 6-week after treatment, The performance of both the computer-assisted training group and face-to-face training group significantly improved(P<0.001); It showed that computer-assisted group>face-to-face group>control group(P<0.001) both 6 weeks and 12 weeks latter. Significant negative correlation was found between age and performance of EC301-CR(P<0.05).Conclusion The effect of computer-assisted training on acalculia is superior to face-to-face training; The first 6 weeks of training is the best period for rehabilitation; The younger the patient is, the better results are.