Animals ; Macaca mulatta ; Optic Disk ; Glaucoma ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Intraocular Pressure ; Low Tension Glaucoma

Currently, there are limited strategies for convenient and rapid wound repair in clinical practice. In recent years, in-situ cell electrospinning (IS-CE) technology, developed from in-situ electrospinning (IS-E) technology, has emerged. IS-CE technology involves encapsulating living cells within micro-nanofibers to construct living fibrous tissue scaffolds in situ, making some progress in wound repair applications. However, this technology still faces limitations such as low cell survival rate and poor fiber stability. This article provides a comprehensive review on the current status of both IS-E and IS-CE technologies, as well as the application of IS-CE technology in wound repair. In addition, the advantages, limitations, and improvement methods of IS-CE technology applied in wound treatment are emphatically discussed, aiming to provide insights for its application in tissue engineering and wound repair.

To explore the ultrasound characteristics of accessory cavitated uterine malformation (ACUM) and the causes of misdiagnosis, in order to better understand the disease and improve the diagnostic ability of radiologists.

Background: Excessive growth of keratinocytes is the critical event in the etiology of psoriasis.However, the underlying molecular mechanism of psoriatic keratinocyte hyperproliferation is still unclear. Objective: This study aimed to figure out the potential contributory role of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) in promoting the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes in psoriasis. Methods: We analyzed microarray data (GSE41662) to investigate the gene expression of SKP2in psoriatic lesion skins compared with their adjacent non-lesional skin. Then, we further confirmed the mRNA and protein expression of SKP2 in human psoriatic skin tissues, imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic mice back skins and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-6-stimulated keratinocytes by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot (WB). Furthermore, we explored the potential pathogenic role and its underlying cellular mechanism of SKP2 in promoting keratinocytes hyperproliferation through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, cell cycle detection, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine staining and WB. Finally, we determined whether inhibition of SKP2 can effectively alleviate the keratinocytes hyperproliferation in vivo. Results: We identified that SKP2 is aberrantly upregulated in the psoriatic lesion skin and cytokines-stimulated keratinocytes. Moreover, upregulated SKP2 augments cytokines-induced keratinocytes hyperproliferation. Mechanistically, enhanced SKP2 increased the S phase ratio through inhibiting Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 (P27 Kip1) expression. Correspondingly, suppression of SKP2 with SMIP004 can significantly ease the epidermis hyperplasia in vivo. Conclusion Our results suggest that elevated SKP2 can empower keratinocytes proliferation and psoriasis-like epidermis hyperplasia via downregulation of P27 Kip1. Therefore, targeting SKP2-P27 Kip1 axis might be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of psoriasis in future.

Objective To investigate the changes in gastrointestinal hormones during the progression of liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to provide a basis for digestive function impairment. Methods A prospective analysis was performed for 326 patients with NAFLD who attended the outpatient service and were hospitalized and treated in Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine from October 2018 to June 2020, and FibroTouch was used to measure liver stiffness measurement (LSM). According to the presence or absence of liver fibrosis, they were divided into non-liver fibrosis group (group A, 161 patients with LSM < 7.3 kPa) and liver fibrosis group (group B, 165 patients with LSM ≥7.3 kPa). According to the fibrosis degree, the patients were further divided into F0-1 group (LSM < 7.3 kPa), F2 group (7.3 kPa ≤LSM < 9.7 kPa), F2-3 group (9.7 kPa ≤LSM < 12.4 kPa), F3-4 group (12.4 kPa ≤LSM < 17.5 kPa), and F4 group (LSM ≥17.5 kPa). Related data were collected, including age, sex, liver function parameters, and gastrointestinal hormones. The independent samples t -test and the one-way analysis of variance were used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups. A Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between LSM and liver function parameters. Results Comparison of liver function and gastrointestinal hormones showed that there were significant differences between groups A and B in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ( Z =-3.778, P < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ( Z =-3.320, P =0.001), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) ( Z =-3.040, P =0.002), cholecystokinin (CCK) ( t =-2.944, P =0.003), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ( Z =-2.317, P =0.020). There were significant differences in ALT ( χ 2 =23.113, P < 0.001), AST ( χ 2 =23.415, P < 0.001), ALP ( χ 2 =15.962, P =0.003), GGT ( χ 2 =20.172, P < 0.001), and CCK ( F =2.687, P =0.031) between the F0-1 group with 161 patients, the F2 group with 89 patients, the F2-3 group with 46 patients, the F3-4 group with 16 patients, and the F4 group with 14 patients. LSM was positively correlated with direct bilirubin, ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, and GGT ( r =0.128, 0.266, 0.225, 0.137, and 0.213, all P < 0.05). Conclusion Liver fibrosis progression in NAFLD can affect gallbladder contraction function and gastrointestinal function, and measurement of the serum levels of CCK and LPS has an important clinical value in the early diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases related to gallbladder contraction function and gastrointe stinal function in NAFLD patients with liver fibrosis.

Objective To investigate whether the progression of liver fibrosis affects endothelial function in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to early identify the warning of cardiovascular diseases caused by endothelial dysfunction by liver fibrosis progression. Methods A total of 280 patients who attended the outpatient service or were hospitalized in Department of Liver Disease, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, from April 2019 to October 2020 were enrolled, and they were diagnosed with fatty liver disease by ultrasound and met the diagnostic criteria for NAFLD. General information and related serological markers were collected and recorded. FibroTouch technique was performed for the NAFLD patients diagnosed by ultrasound to record their fat attenuation parameter (FAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM), and according to LSM, the patients were divided into non-progressive fibrosis group (239 patients with LSM < 11 kPa) and progressive fibrosis group (41 patients with LSM ≥11 kPa) to analyze the association between liver fibrosis progression and endothelin-1 (ET-1)/nitric oxide (NO) in NAFLD. The t -test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the Spearman method was used for correlation analysis. Results There were no significant differences between the non-progressive fibrosis group and the progressive fibrosis group in the expression levels of ET-1( Z =-0.190, P =0.849) and NO( Z =-1.509, P =0.131), and there were significant differences between the two groups in body mass index (BMI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ( Z =-3.977, -4.162, -3.471, -3.201, -3.202, and -3.311, all P < 0.05). The Spearman analysis showed that LSM was not correlated with ET-1, NO, and NO/ET-1 ( r s =-0.046, 0.086, and 0.104, all P > 0.05). Further analysis of the correlation of ET-1 and NO with each index showed that ET-1 was not correlated with age, NO, ALT, AST, GGT, total cholesterol, TG, HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), FAP, and BMI ( r s =-0.017, 0.054, -0.067, -0.016, -0.031, 0.004, 0.051, -0.084, -0.030, 0.080, and 0.044, all P > 0.05), and NO was not correlated with age, ET-1, ALT, AST, GGT, total cholesterol, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, FAP, and BMI ( r s =0.004, 0.054, 0.011, 0.052, 0.004, -0.051, -0.052, -0.012, -0.076, -0.013, and -0.021, all P > 0.05). Conclusion This study shows that liver fibrosis progression in NAFLD has no impact on ET-1 and NO, suggesting that fibrosis progression may have no influence on endothelial function.

Scars are the result of abnormal repair of skin tissue trauma. Recently, fractional laser is more and more widely used in the treatment of scars, but its mechanism is not clear. Studies have shown that fractional laser could produce multiple microthermal zones in target skin, induce wound repair responses, affect the function of epidermal and dermal cells, induce changes in blood vessels and collagens, and change the expression of heat shock proteins, microRNA, matrix metalloproteinases, cytokines such as transforming growth factor β, basic fibroblast growth factor, and facilitate drug delivery, thus achieving the effect of treating scars. This article reviews the mechanism of fractional laser in treating scars from three aspects, including the tissue and cell mechanism, molecular mechanism, and drug delivery.

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effects of forkhead box transcription factor (FOXK2) overexpression on the proliferation, migration, invasion and adhesion of human ovarian cancer SK-OV-3 cells and its related molecular mechanism. Methods: The open reading frame (ORF) of FOXK2 was cloned into lentivirus expression vector, which was then enveloped in HEK293T cells and transfected into human ovarian cancerSK-OV-3cells.TheoverexpressionefficiencywasdetectedbyqPCRandWesternblotting.Theproliferation, migration, invasion and adhesion of SK-OV-3 cells were detected by CCK-8, Scratch-healing, Transwell and Cell adhesion assays respectively, and the expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were detected by qPCR. Results: The FOXK2 overexpression vector was constructed successfully and packaged into lentivirus, which was then transfected into SK-OV-3 cells. After transfection, the expression of FOXK2 was significantly increased (P<0.01); the proliferation, migration and invasion of SK-OV-3 cells were significantly reduced while the adhesion ability was significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01); and the expression levels of E-cadherin and β-catenin were significantly increased while that of vimentin and fibronection were significantly decreased (all P<0.01). Conclusion: Overexpression of FOXK2 in SK-OV-3 cells leads to a significant decrease in proliferation, migration and invasion but increase in adhesion. The molecular mechanism may be related to the reversion of the EMT process in tumor cells, suggesting that FOXK2 may be a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.

Autoantibodies are related to occurrence of some types of severe hypertriglyceridemia. Resear-ches showed that autoantibodies of lipoprotein lipase, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipo-protein binding protein 1 and apolipoprotein C-Ⅱcould induce hypertriglyceridemia. This review focused on hy-pertriglyceridemia induced by autoantibodies and its treatment.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose fluconazole alone or combined with flucytosine as initial therapy for cryptococcal meningitis (CM) in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related patients. Methods: Twenty-five non-HIV-infected patients with CM from June 2015 to September 2018 in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, who were initially treated with high-dose fluconazole with or without flucytosine for at least seven days were retrospectively reviewed.Clinical features and antifungal (600-800 mg/d) regimens were recorded, clinical responses and drug-related adverse events were evaluated. Mann-Whitney test and Fisher′s exact probabilities test were applied to compare variables between groups. Results: Of the 25 patients enrolled in this study, 15 had predisposing factors. Headache (25 cases), fever (21 cases), vomiting (13 cases) and neck stiffness (13 cases) were common manifestations. Abnormalities of cranial computed tomography (CT) scan and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were found in 22 cases.Nineteen patients were treated with high-dose fluconazole plus flucytosine for initial therapy, and six patients were treated with high-dose fluconazole alone. The course of initial regimens with high-dose fluconazole was 42 (29, 120) days. At the end of initial therapy, partial response in 20 patients, stable response in three patients and death in two patients were observed, and the overall effective rate was 80%(20/25). In treatment failure group of initial treatment, the proportion of patients with baseline cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure over 300 mmH₂O (1 mmH₂O=0.009 8 kPa) and with altered mental status were both significantly higher compared with those in treatment success group. Fluconazole related adverse drug events were observed including elevated transaminases (one case), gastrointestinal symptoms combined with hypokalemia (two cases), and systemic rash (three cases). Except for three patients with rash reduced the dosage of fluconazole, no other patients were given dosage adjustment. Conclusion High-dose fluconazole alone or combined with flucytosine is effective and safe for the initial therapy of non-HIV-related CM patients.