Objective: To analyze the characteristics and key risk factors of abnormal blood disposal throughout the 2024-2025 blood collection and supply process based on nationwide multi-site monitoring data, develop a comprehensive prevention and control strategy across the entire chain, reduce preventable blood waste, and ensure clinical blood safety. Methods: According to the Guidelines for Haemovigilance (T/CSBT 001-2026), we extracted 74 cases of abnormal blood disposal events reported by the China Blood Transfusion Association′s Blood Safety Monitoring System from January 1 2024, to December 31 2025, and conducted descriptive statistical analysis on the distribution of events, types of deviations, root causes, and classifications of disposal manifestations. Results: A total of 664 adverse events related to blood collection and supply were reported over two years, with 74 cases involving discarded abnormal blood units, accounting for 11.1% of the total. Among these, blood component preparation (40.5%) and blood collection (37.8%) remained traditional high-risk stages. The proportion of blood waste occurring during storage, distribution, and transportation increased from 7.7% in 2024 to 34.3% in 2025. Deviations from standard operating procedures (SOP) by personnel were the primary cause, accounting for 74.3% of cases. Discarded blood units were categorized into four types: compromised closed blood bag systems (40 cases), mainly due to inadequate heat sealing, physical damage, or dropped bags; blood out of the cold chain (12 cases), primarily resulting from blood being left at work sites; imbalanced proportion of preservation solution (10 cases), mostly caused by blood collection volumes exceeding the standard capacity of blood bags; and other causes (12 cases). Conclusion: Human operational errors are the core cause of abnormal blood waste. The collection and preparation stages have long been at high-risk, and the risks in the storage and transportation stages have been increasing year by year. We should focus on standardizing personnel management, improving specialized operation norms such as heat sealing, transportation, and storage, establishing a full-process intelligent cold chain monitoring and multi-node visual verification mechanism, and systematically reducing the occurrence rate of abnormal blood waste through a closed-loop quality intervention system, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of voluntary blood donation resources.

Objective To analyze the correlation between serum soluble Klotho protein(sKL)and tendino-C(TN-C)and the severity of disease and oxidative stress in children with immunoglobulin A(IgA)nephropa-thy.Methods A total of 85 children with IgA nephropathy admitted to the hospital from July 2019 to August 2022 were selected as IgA nephropathy group,and 85 healthy patients who underwent physical examination in the hospital during the same period were selected as healthy group.Serum sKL and TN-C levels were com-pared between the two groups.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to analyze the value of serum sKL,TN-C and their combination in predicting the occurrence of IgA nephropathy.IgA nephropathy group was divided into mild group(28 cases),moderate group(39 cases)and severe group(18 cases)accord-ing to 24 h urinary protein quantity.Serum sKL,TN-C levels and oxidative stress indexes[malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and advanced oxidation protein product(AOPP)]of the three groups were compared.The correlation between serum sKL and TN-C levels and oxidative stress indexes was ana-lyzed by Spearman correlation,and the correlation between serum sKL and TN-C levels and the severity of IgA nephropathy in children was examined by Kendall's Tau-b.Results The serum sKL level in IgA ne-phropathy group was lower than that in healthy group,and the serum TN-C level was higher than that in healthy group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).ROC curve showed that the area under the curve and 95％CI of serum sKL,TNC and their combination predicted the occurrence of IgA nephropathy were 0.726(95％CI:0.648-0.803),0.853(95％CI:0.796-0.909)and 0.891(95％CI:0.845-0.937).The level of serum sKL in severe group was lower than that in moderate and mild groups,while the level of serum TN-C was higher than that in moderate and mild groups,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The serum SOD level of severe group was lower than that of moderate group and mild group,and the serum AOPP and MDA levels were higher than those of moderate group and mild group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Spearman correlation showed that sKL level was positively correlated with SOD(r＞0,P＜0.05),and negatively correlated with AOPP and MDA(r＜0,P＜0.05).TN-C level was negatively correlated with SOD(r＜0,P＜0.05),and positively correlated with AOPP and MDA(r＞0,P＜0.05).Conclusion The levels of serum sKL and TN-C in children with IgA nephropathy are related to the severity of disease and oxidative stress,and the combination of SKL and TN-C can effectively predict the occurrence of IgA nephropathy.

Objective: To investigate and analyze the humane care quality and behavior of clinical nurses in informed consent, and provide theoretical basis about how to implement humane care in clinical nursing practice. Methods: Using Nurse Humanities Care Quality Table which developed by Liu Yuxi, and Nurse Informed Consent Humanistic Behavior Self-rating Scale witch designed by self, To investigate 110 clinical nurses who picked out by hierarchical random sampling. Results: In the humanistic care quality assessment, the score of the ability was the lowest in nurses′ humanistic care quality, the average score (23.06±1.72) accounted for 65.88% of the total score (35). the score of knowledge dimension was positively correlated with age and working years (r=0.339, 0.294, both P<0.01). the score of perceived dimension was positively correlated with age (r=0.250, P<0.01). In the humanistic care behavior assessment of informed consent, the score of the communication and emergency ability dimension were the lowest. The average score (21.65±1.93) accounted for 86.60% of the total score (25). The marital status of the clinic nurses was negatively correlated with respect and care (r=-0.305, P<0.01). The humanistic knowledge was positively correlated with support and communication and emergency response (r=0.422, 0.371, both P <0.01), the concept was positively correlated with respect and care, support and security (r=0.640, 0.587, both P<0.01). Conclusions The quality of nurses′ humanistic care is significantly related to the humanistic care behavior in informed consent. It should improve the quality of nurses′ humanistic care for cultivating humanistic care behavior in nursing practice.

Objective: To observe the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of botulinum toxin A poisoning induced by local cosmetic injection, and to explore the possible pathogenesis. Methods: Clinical data of 20 patients with botulinum toxin type A local cosmetic injection poisoning admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 were collected and electrophysiological tests were carried out. Results: The clinical manifestations of 20 patients were mainly 15/20 (75.0%) with limb weakness, and the proximal end was heavier than the distal 20/20 (100%), and the upper limb was heavier than the lower limb 26/20 (80%), followed by dysphagia 12/20 (60%), dysarthria 5/20 (25%), cervical muscle weakness 5/20 (25%), extraocular muscle paralysis 4/20 (20%), masseter muscle weakness 3/20 (15%) and respiratory muscle weakness 2/20 (5.0%) with respiratory failure 1/20 (5.0%). The results of neurophysiological examination showed the highest rate of SFEMG (90.0%), followed by RNS (80.0%), EMG (65.0%) and NCV (40.0%), suggesting that neuromuscular junction dysfunction was the main presentation. Patients who actively gave botulinum antitoxin injection therapy and symptomatic support treatment had good prognosis. Conclusions Local cosmetic injection of botulinum toxin type A may lead to poisoning. The symptoms of poisoning are mainly caused by limb weakness. Neuroelectrophysiological examination can assist in the diagnosis of botulinum toxin poisoning.

Objective To investigate the adjustment effect of microRNA-155 on CD4+CD25+ regulative T cell (Treg) in peripheral blood of sepsis patients,and to elucidate the role of miR-155 in the pathogenesis of sepsis.Methods A retrospective study was corducted.60 sepsis patients (mild n =20,moderate n=20,and severe n =20)from emergency room or intensive care unit (ICU) of the Fourth Hospital of Jiangsu University were enrolled.20 healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls.Real-time fluorescent quantitation polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the levels of miR-155 and Foxp3 mRNA expressions in peripheral blood.CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in peripheral blood were identified by flow cytometry.Peripheral interleukin-10 (IL-10) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The expressions of miR-155,Treg,Foxp3 mRNA and the level of IL-10were higher in the patients with sepsis than those in healthy control group [Treg:(2.89 ± 1.13)％ vs.(2.32 ± 0.91)％,t=10.540,P=0.002; miR-155:1.19 ±0.48 vs.0.80 ±0.33,t=8.605,P=0.006; Foxp3 mRNA:0.18 ±0.08 vs.0.13 ±0.03,t=6.862,P=0.008; IL-10 (ng/L):56.89 ± 17.28 vs.33.24 ± 11.93,t=12.742,P=0.001].These variables were elevated gradually with the elevation of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ)score.The expressions of Treg,miR-155,Foxp3 mRNA and the level of IL-10 were (3.05 ± 1.21)％,1.36 ± 0.79,0.21 ±0.10,(62.82 ±21.38) ng/L in severe sepsis group; they were (2.86 ±0.88)％,1.25 ±0.56,0.17 ±0.08,(56.38 ± 19.65) ng/L in moderate group; they were (2.61 ± 0.87)％,0.94 ± 0.52,0.15 ± 0.05,(45.43 ± 14.40) ng/L in mild group.The values showed significant statistical difference among the mild,moderate and severe sepsis groups (all P＜0.01).Above values were significandy higher in non-survival group than those in survival group [Treg:(3.46 ±1.53)％ vs.(2.85 ± 1.03)％,t=14.250,P=0.005; miR-155:1.41 ±0.85 vs.1.16 ±0.76,t=11.875,P=0.006;Foxp3 mRNA:0.24 ± 0.11 vs.0.17 ± 0.09,t=8.795,P=0.001 ; IL-10 (ng/L):65.47 ± 23.58 vs.51.70 ± 16.86,t=16.313,P=0.001].The expression of miR-155 was positively correlated with the expression of CD4+CD25+ Treg and Foxp3 mRNA (r1=0.635,P1=0.007; r2=0.671,P2=0.005).Conclusion The result of this study suggest that miR-155 is involved in the cell proliferation regulation of CD4 +CD25 + Treg cells,and play some role in the immunological dissonance in sepsis.

10.3969/j.issn.1007-3969.2013.05.009

Objective To observation the changes of left atrium and pulmonary veins(PV)in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF) by transthoracic two-and three-dimensional echocardiography. Methods Transthoracic echocardiography were applied in 126 patients,which were divided into sinus rhythm(SR) group(64 cases)and AF group(62 cases),AF group were further divided into two subgroups:the paroxysmal AF and non-paroxysmal AF group.Left atrial area(LAA),left atrial volume(LAV),left atrial diameter(LAD)were measured by 2-dimensional echocardiography imaging.PV diameters were measured by three-dimensional echocardiography. Results Compared with SR group,PV diameters were significantly increased in AF group(P＜0.05).In patients with AF,PV diameters in non-paroxysmal AF group were larger than paroxysmal AF group.The four PV diameters in SR,paroxysmal AF and non-paroxysmal AF group did not show statisticant difference(P＞0.05).Compared with SR group,LAD,LAA,LAV were increased in AF group.LAD,LAA,LAV were larger in non-paroxysmal AF group than SR group and paroxysmal AF group(P＜0.05).Conclusions Left atrium and PV dilate significantly in patients with AF,transthoracic echocardiography could be a non-invasive method to observe left atrium and PV.

Objective To investigate the pathological and electro-physiological process of terminal sprouting after muscle injection of Botulinum toxin type A(BTXA) in rats. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a BTXA group and a control group. Five unit of BTXA was injected into the right gastrocnemius of the rats in BTXA group, instead of 0.9% saline in the control group. The morphologic axon analysis and SFEMG (mean consecutive difference and fiber density) were measured at 1,4,8,12 week after injection. Results The mean consecutive difference was prolonged in 1-4 week, and got better at 8 week, recovered at 12 week. It was revealed of the recovery of neuromuscular junction at 12 week after BTXA injection. The results of fiber density and morphologic axon analysis demonstrated terminal sprouting after injection of BTXA. Conclusion Motor nerve terminal sprouting could appear after BTXA injection and the function of neuromuscular junction could become recovered at 12 week.