ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the public health governance capacity of 40 cities in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui Provinces, providing a scientific evaluation basis for building a "Healthy Yangtze River Delta". MethodsA comprehensive collection of policy documents, public information reports, and research literature related to public health governance capacity in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui Provinces was conducted, totaling 6 920 policy documents, 1 720 information reports, and 1 200 literature pieces. Based on the evaluation standards for an appropriate public health system established by the research team, the basic status of public health governance capacity was assessed to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the 40 cities. ResultsIn 2022, the public health governance capacity score for the 40 cities in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui Provinces was (562.5±38.0) points. In terms of specific areas, the emergency response field received the highest score of (791.4±49.7) points, while the chronic disease prevention and control field received the lowest score of (368.2±29.6) points. The Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Anhui region has largely achieved the strategic priority of health, gradually improved public health legal regulations, and established a basic organizational framework with a solid foundation for information and data infrastructure. However, challenges still need to be addressed, such as unstable government funding for public health, unclear departmental responsibilities, and barriers to information interoperability. ConclusionThe public health governance capacity of the 40 cities in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui Province has been at a moderate level, but disparities have still existed across regions and fields. In the future, while continuing to deepen existing advantages, it is essential to accurately identify the causes of problems, establish a long-term and stable investment mechanism, enhance information connectivity mechanisms, further clarify departmental responsibilities, and promote the achievement of the "Healthy Yangtze River Delta" goal.

Breast cancer is the cancer with the largest number of confirmed cases in the world, and its recurrence rate and mortality rate remain high all the year round. In addition to the traditional treatment, immunotherapy has also received increasing attention, with cancer vaccines having promising development prospects. Cancer vaccines aim to eradicate tumor cells through a sustained immune response. It has advantages such as high specificity, minimal side effects and long-lasting immune effects. Currently, various cancer vaccines have entered the clinical trial stage. This article will review the mechanism of action and latest research progress of breast cancer vaccines.

Objective:To explore the serum miRNA-144-5p (miR-144-5p) level in liver cancer patients and its relationship with clinical characteristics, as well as the target genes of miR-144-5p and the possible pathogenic mechanisms.Methods:The morning fasting serum samples were retrospectively collected from 100 newly diagnosed liver cancer patients (liver cancer group) before any treatment in Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital from June 2019 to June 2020, as well as 100 healthy individuals (healthy control group) during physical examinations in the same period. The real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction method was used to measure the transcription level expression of miR-144-5p in serum. The high and low expressions of miR-144-5p in patients were determined based on the median relative expression level of miR-144-5p; the distribution differences between patients with high and low expressions of miR-144-5p among different clinical pathological features were compared. The online tools miRDB, TargetScan 8.0 and miRWalk were used to predict potential target genes for miR-144-5p, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed through a bioinformatics platform, and complementary sequences between miR-144-5p and target genes were analyzed using RNA22 software.Results:The median age of the liver cancer group was 54 years old, ranging from 38 to 74 years old, including 80 males (80.0%) and 20 females (20.0%); the median age of the healthy control group was 46 years old, ranging from 34 to 66 years old, including 69 males (69.0%) and 31 females (31.0%); there was no statistically significant difference in age and gender composition between the two groups (both P > 0.05). The median transcription level relative expression of miR-144-5p in liver cancer patients was lower than that in the healthy control group [ M ( Q1, Q3)] [0.311 (0.066, 2.270) vs. 1.067 (0.263, 3.620)], and the difference was statistically significant ( Z = -4.16, P < 0.001). The proportion of patients with low expression of miR-144-5p was higher in the group with maximum diameter of tumor > 5 cm compared to the group with maximum diameter of tumor ≤5 cm [59.3% (35/59) vs. 36.6% (15/41)] and in the group with metastasis compared to the group without metastasis [60.4% (29/48) vs. 40.4% (21/52)], and the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of patients with high and low expressions of miR-144-5p among different subgroups based on gender, age >55 years, presence of hepatitis, cirrhosis, alpha fetoprotein >400 μ g/L, and differentiation degree (all P > 0.05). According to predictions, there were 34 miR-144-5p target genes shared by the three bioinformatics online tools. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that these target genes were associated with ubiquitination, primarily enriched in the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway (hsa04120) and the mTOR signaling pathway (hsa04150). RNA22 software analysis showed that miR-144-5p mainly had complementary sequences with 3' untranslated regions of UBR5 and UBE4A genes. Conclusions:The serum miR-144-5p level in liver cancer patients is relatively low, and its expression level may be related to tumor size and metastasis. miR-144-5p may affect the occurrence and development of liver cancer by regulating ubiquitination level through target genes such as UBR5 and UBE4A.

Objective:To compare the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise(AE),resistance exercise(RE)and com-bined exercise(CE)on cardiac function,hemodynamics and vascular stiffness in young women with obesity,and to provide theoretical and practical basis for exercise prescription in this population.Method:Forty-seven women with obesity(body fat percentage≥30％)were screened and randomly divided in-to AE,RE and CE group.Exercise intervention consisted of 8 weeks,60 min per session,3 sessions per week.The AE group exercised on a running platform at 70％—75％of the heart rate reserve for 50 min.The RE group completed squats,bench presses and pull-ups sequentially at 75％of the 1 repetition maximum for 10 reps per set,with a 2 min break between sets and 2 min for the change of the movement interval.The CE group performed 25min of resistance training followed by 25min of aerobic training with the same content and intensity as the AE and RE exercise group.Changes in body composition,cardiac function,hemodynam-ics and vascular stiffness were detected before,during and after exercise using a dual-energy X-ray detector,color Doppler ultrasound and arterial stiffness detector.Result:Body fat percentage decreased significantly in all three groups after 8 weeks of exercise compared to pre-exercise(P<0.05).Lean mass significantly decreased in the AE group(P=0.02)at week 4,whereas in-creased significantly in the RE and CE groups at week 8 compared to baseline and exercise(P<0.05).Left ventricular end-diastolic volume(P<0.01),stroke volume(P<0.01),and short-axis foreshortening rate(AE:P<0.01,RE:P=0.01,CE:P=0.047)increased significantly in all three groups after exercise compared to pre-exer-cise.Peak blood flow velocity(AE:P=0.04,CE:P<0.01)and blood flow shear(AE:P=0.01,CE:P<0.01)were significantly higher in the AE and CE groups than in the pre-exercise period,and only the increase in Wall shear stress was statistically significant in the RE group(P=0.02).The left and right brachial-ankle pulse wave conduction velocity(baPWV)of the AE group decreased significantly after 8 weeks of exercise(P<0.05).BaPWV of the RE group did not change significantly(P>0.05).The right baPWV of the CE group de-creased gradually with the increase of the duration of exercise,and the decrease appeared to be statistically significant in the 8 weeks(P=0.03).Conclusion:Eight weeks of aerobic,resistance and combined exercise all improved body composition,cardiac function and hemodynamic indices in young women with obesity.Aerobic and combined exercise not only re-duced body fat but also baPWV.Both combined and resistance exercise increased muscle mass,and resistance exercise had no effect on baPWV in young women with obesity.

Objective To compare five time series models and predict the monthly incidence of bacillary dysentery in Qinghai Province in 2024,and provide reference for the prevention and control.Methods The epidemic charac-teristics of bacterial dysentery in Qinghai Province from 2014 to 2023 were analyzed.R4.3.1 software was used for establishing seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average(SARIMA)model,Holt-Winters triple exponential smoothing(Holt Winters)model,exponential smoothing(ETS)model,neural network autoregression(NNAR)model,and trigonometric seasonality,Box-Cox transformation,ARMA errors,trend and seasonal components(TBATS)model.Fitting effect of the models was analyzed and accuracy was compared.Results From 2014 to 2023,a total of 5 833 cases of bacterial dysentery were reported in Qinghai Province,without deaths,male to fe-male ratio being 1.23∶1.The highest incidence was reported in 2016(15.45 per 100 000 people),and the lowest in-cidence was reported in 2023(3.68 per 100 000 people).Incidence increased from 2014 to 2016,then decreased,showing an obvious overall downward trend.Case number in＜5 years age group was the highest,accounting for 29.76％of the total cases(n=1 736).Regarding population distribution,the top three were children in childcare institutions and scattered children(35.56％),farmers(24.65％),and students(12.62％).Except the additive Holt-Winters model,the predicted trends of the other four models were consistent with actuality.The ETS model had the best fitting effect,with a relatively balanced overall performance(training set:MAE=0.13,RMSE=0.21,MAPE=19.55％;testing set:MAE=0.11,RMSE=0.16,MAPE=28.66％).It is recommended to pre-dict the incidence of bacillary dysentery in Qinghai Province based on ETS model.Conclusion From 2014 to 2023,bacterial dysentery in Qinghai Province showed a downward trend,with the peak of the epidemic from June to Au-gust.Preschool and scattered children were high-risk groups.Among the five prediction models,ETS model has the best fitting effect,and can be used to predict the incidence of bacillary dysentery.

Objective:To compare the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise(AE),resistance exercise(RE)and com-bined exercise(CE)on cardiac function,hemodynamics and vascular stiffness in young women with obesity,and to provide theoretical and practical basis for exercise prescription in this population.Method:Forty-seven women with obesity(body fat percentage≥30％)were screened and randomly divided in-to AE,RE and CE group.Exercise intervention consisted of 8 weeks,60 min per session,3 sessions per week.The AE group exercised on a running platform at 70％—75％of the heart rate reserve for 50 min.The RE group completed squats,bench presses and pull-ups sequentially at 75％of the 1 repetition maximum for 10 reps per set,with a 2 min break between sets and 2 min for the change of the movement interval.The CE group performed 25min of resistance training followed by 25min of aerobic training with the same content and intensity as the AE and RE exercise group.Changes in body composition,cardiac function,hemodynam-ics and vascular stiffness were detected before,during and after exercise using a dual-energy X-ray detector,color Doppler ultrasound and arterial stiffness detector.Result:Body fat percentage decreased significantly in all three groups after 8 weeks of exercise compared to pre-exercise(P<0.05).Lean mass significantly decreased in the AE group(P=0.02)at week 4,whereas in-creased significantly in the RE and CE groups at week 8 compared to baseline and exercise(P<0.05).Left ventricular end-diastolic volume(P<0.01),stroke volume(P<0.01),and short-axis foreshortening rate(AE:P<0.01,RE:P=0.01,CE:P=0.047)increased significantly in all three groups after exercise compared to pre-exer-cise.Peak blood flow velocity(AE:P=0.04,CE:P<0.01)and blood flow shear(AE:P=0.01,CE:P<0.01)were significantly higher in the AE and CE groups than in the pre-exercise period,and only the increase in Wall shear stress was statistically significant in the RE group(P=0.02).The left and right brachial-ankle pulse wave conduction velocity(baPWV)of the AE group decreased significantly after 8 weeks of exercise(P<0.05).BaPWV of the RE group did not change significantly(P>0.05).The right baPWV of the CE group de-creased gradually with the increase of the duration of exercise,and the decrease appeared to be statistically significant in the 8 weeks(P=0.03).Conclusion:Eight weeks of aerobic,resistance and combined exercise all improved body composition,cardiac function and hemodynamic indices in young women with obesity.Aerobic and combined exercise not only re-duced body fat but also baPWV.Both combined and resistance exercise increased muscle mass,and resistance exercise had no effect on baPWV in young women with obesity.

Objective To compare five time series models and predict the monthly incidence of bacillary dysentery in Qinghai Province in 2024,and provide reference for the prevention and control.Methods The epidemic charac-teristics of bacterial dysentery in Qinghai Province from 2014 to 2023 were analyzed.R4.3.1 software was used for establishing seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average(SARIMA)model,Holt-Winters triple exponential smoothing(Holt Winters)model,exponential smoothing(ETS)model,neural network autoregression(NNAR)model,and trigonometric seasonality,Box-Cox transformation,ARMA errors,trend and seasonal components(TBATS)model.Fitting effect of the models was analyzed and accuracy was compared.Results From 2014 to 2023,a total of 5 833 cases of bacterial dysentery were reported in Qinghai Province,without deaths,male to fe-male ratio being 1.23∶1.The highest incidence was reported in 2016(15.45 per 100 000 people),and the lowest in-cidence was reported in 2023(3.68 per 100 000 people).Incidence increased from 2014 to 2016,then decreased,showing an obvious overall downward trend.Case number in＜5 years age group was the highest,accounting for 29.76％of the total cases(n=1 736).Regarding population distribution,the top three were children in childcare institutions and scattered children(35.56％),farmers(24.65％),and students(12.62％).Except the additive Holt-Winters model,the predicted trends of the other four models were consistent with actuality.The ETS model had the best fitting effect,with a relatively balanced overall performance(training set:MAE=0.13,RMSE=0.21,MAPE=19.55％;testing set:MAE=0.11,RMSE=0.16,MAPE=28.66％).It is recommended to pre-dict the incidence of bacillary dysentery in Qinghai Province based on ETS model.Conclusion From 2014 to 2023,bacterial dysentery in Qinghai Province showed a downward trend,with the peak of the epidemic from June to Au-gust.Preschool and scattered children were high-risk groups.Among the five prediction models,ETS model has the best fitting effect,and can be used to predict the incidence of bacillary dysentery.

Breast cancer is the cancer with the largest number of confirmed cases in the world, and its recurrence rate and mortality rate remain high all the year round. In addition to the traditional treatment, immunotherapy has also received increasing attention, with cancer vaccines having promising development prospects. Cancer vaccines aim to eradicate tumor cells through a sustained immune response. It has advantages such as high specificity, minimal side effects and long-lasting immune effects. Currently, various cancer vaccines have entered the clinical trial stage. This article will review the mechanism of action and latest research progress of breast cancer vaccines.

Objective:To explore the serum miRNA-144-5p (miR-144-5p) level in liver cancer patients and its relationship with clinical characteristics, as well as the target genes of miR-144-5p and the possible pathogenic mechanisms.Methods:The morning fasting serum samples were retrospectively collected from 100 newly diagnosed liver cancer patients (liver cancer group) before any treatment in Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital from June 2019 to June 2020, as well as 100 healthy individuals (healthy control group) during physical examinations in the same period. The real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction method was used to measure the transcription level expression of miR-144-5p in serum. The high and low expressions of miR-144-5p in patients were determined based on the median relative expression level of miR-144-5p; the distribution differences between patients with high and low expressions of miR-144-5p among different clinical pathological features were compared. The online tools miRDB, TargetScan 8.0 and miRWalk were used to predict potential target genes for miR-144-5p, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed through a bioinformatics platform, and complementary sequences between miR-144-5p and target genes were analyzed using RNA22 software.Results:The median age of the liver cancer group was 54 years old, ranging from 38 to 74 years old, including 80 males (80.0%) and 20 females (20.0%); the median age of the healthy control group was 46 years old, ranging from 34 to 66 years old, including 69 males (69.0%) and 31 females (31.0%); there was no statistically significant difference in age and gender composition between the two groups (both P > 0.05). The median transcription level relative expression of miR-144-5p in liver cancer patients was lower than that in the healthy control group [ M ( Q1, Q3)] [0.311 (0.066, 2.270) vs. 1.067 (0.263, 3.620)], and the difference was statistically significant ( Z = -4.16, P < 0.001). The proportion of patients with low expression of miR-144-5p was higher in the group with maximum diameter of tumor > 5 cm compared to the group with maximum diameter of tumor ≤5 cm [59.3% (35/59) vs. 36.6% (15/41)] and in the group with metastasis compared to the group without metastasis [60.4% (29/48) vs. 40.4% (21/52)], and the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of patients with high and low expressions of miR-144-5p among different subgroups based on gender, age >55 years, presence of hepatitis, cirrhosis, alpha fetoprotein >400 μ g/L, and differentiation degree (all P > 0.05). According to predictions, there were 34 miR-144-5p target genes shared by the three bioinformatics online tools. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that these target genes were associated with ubiquitination, primarily enriched in the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway (hsa04120) and the mTOR signaling pathway (hsa04150). RNA22 software analysis showed that miR-144-5p mainly had complementary sequences with 3' untranslated regions of UBR5 and UBE4A genes. Conclusions:The serum miR-144-5p level in liver cancer patients is relatively low, and its expression level may be related to tumor size and metastasis. miR-144-5p may affect the occurrence and development of liver cancer by regulating ubiquitination level through target genes such as UBR5 and UBE4A.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of pelvic floor ultrasound parameters in post-cesarean stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and biofeedback efficacy evaluation. Methods A total of 215 pregnant women who underwent cesarean section were selected by simple sampling method. According to whether postpartum SUI occurred, they were divided into SUI group (n=88) and non-SUI group (n=127). The SUI group received biofeedback therapy. The ultrasonic parameters of pelvic floor were compared between the two groups. The ultrasound parameters of pelvic floor in the SUI group were compared before and after treatment. Results Bladder neck descent (BND), urethral rotation angle (URA) as well as levator hiatal area (LHA) and posterior urethrovesical angle (PUVA) in Valsalva state of the SUI group were significantly higher than those in the non-SUI group (P < 0.05). After biofeedback therapy, the total effective rate of 88 patients with SUI after cesarean section was 94.32%. The BND, URA as well as LHA and PUVA in Valsalva state of the SUI group after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of BND, URA, LHA and PUVA in predicting the effect of biofeedback on post-cesarean section SUI were 0.853, 0.897, 0.865 and 0.887, respectively. Conclusion Pelvic floor ultrasound parameters are highly effective in diagnosing SUI after cesarean section and evaluating the effect of biofeedback therapy.