Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum homocysteine (Hcy), mannose-binding lectin (MBL), triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and homeostasis model assessment-insulinresistance (HOMA-IR) and adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with second-trimester gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:Ninety-eight patients with GDM in the second trimester of pregnancy admitted to the Obstetrics Department of Zhongshan People′s Hospital from April 2020 to June 2022 were retrospectively selected. Serum Hcy and MBL were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before intervention, HOMA-IR was evaluated according to homeostasis model, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) was detected by oxidase method. The level of triglyceride (TG) was detected by automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay and TyG index was calculated. The patients were given health education, dietary guidance, insulin and other treatment, followed up until delivery and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. The patients were divided into adverse pregnancy outcome group and no adverse pregnancy outcome group based on pregnancy outcomes. The factors influencing adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients in the second trimester were analyzed, and the predictive value of blood glucose control, serum Hcy, MBL and TyG index on adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients in the second trimester was analyzed by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve.Results:After intervention, there were 24 cases (24.49%) of adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients in the second trimester, including 2 cases of polyhydramnios, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal hypoglycemia, 4 cases of premature membranes breaking, 4 cases of premature delivery, 6 cases of fetal macrosomia, 3 cases of low birth weight, and 1 case of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. There were statistically significant differences in the proportion of poor glycemic control, Hcy level, TyG index, HOMA-IR and MBL level between the GDM group with adverse pregnancy outcome and the GDM group without adverse pregnancy outcome (all P<0.05). By binary logistic regression analysis, Hcy, TyG index, HOMA-IR and poor glycemic control during pregnancy were risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients in the second trimester, and MBL was protective factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients in the second trimester (all P<0.05). The sensitivity of poor glycemic control during pregnancy, Hcy, MBL, TyG index and HOMA-IR alone and in combination to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes of GDM patients in the second trimester were 75.00%, 79.17%, 70.83%, 75.00%, 66.67% and 91.67%, respectively. The specificity was 74.32%, 78.38%, 71.62%, 75.68%, 71.62% and 91.89%, respectively. Poor glycemic control during pregnancy, Hcy, MBL, TyG index and HOMA-IR combined to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients during the second trimester were of high value (all P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that Hcy and TyG were positively correlated with HOMA-IR ( r=0.712, P<0.001, r=0.649, P=0.023), while MBL was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR ( r=-0.682, P=0.006). Conclusions:Poor glycemic control during pregnancy, Hcy, MBL, TyG index and HOMA-IR are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with GDM in the second trimester. Combined detection can predict adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with GDM in the second trimester early.

BACKGROUND:Establishing a stable and reliable animal model of acute pancreatitis is of great significance for understanding its pathogenesis,pathophysiological characteristics,and clinical medication.Domestic and foreign studies have shown that cerulein,L-arginine,and sodium taurocholate can induce acute pancreatitis,but their pathophysiological characteristics and model characteristics are still unclear. OBJECTIVE:To establish an acute pancreatitis rat model using cerulein,L-arginine,and sodium taurocholate and to observe the changing patterns of model features at different time points. METHODS:Ninety-six healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group,cerulein group,L-arginine group,and sodium taurocholate group,with 24 rats in each group.Within each group,there were three subgroups(n=8 per group):12-,24-,and 48-hour subgroups.Cerulein was administered via intraperitoneal injection six times with a 1-hour interval.L-arginine was administered through two intraperitoneal injections with a 1-hour interval.Sodium taurocholate was injected for inducing acute pancreatitis models through retrograde injection into the bile-pancreatic duct.By examining the rat survival rate,gross morphology of the pancreas,calculating the pancreatic organ index,and measuring levels of amylase,lipase,alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,blood urea nitrogen,and creatinine,as well as observing pancreatic tissue pathological features through hematoxylin-eosin staining and conducting a pancreatic injury scoring,we evaluated the changing patterns of model features at different time points. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normal group,the overall survival rate of rats was 100%in the cerulein group,88%in the L-arginine group,and 96%in the sodium taurocholate group.The pancreatic organ index was increased in all groups.Gross observation indicated that,In the cerulein group,pancreatic edema,blurred lobes,and looseness were visible.In the L-arginine group,the pancreatic glands were enlarged and thickened with patchy bleeding.In the sodium taurocholate group,pancreatic tissue showed varying degrees of congestion and edema accompanied by scattered flakes of hemorrhage and necrosis.The levels of serum alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,amylase,and lipase in rats exhibited consistent changes.In the cerulein group,these parameters possibly peaked at 12 hours(P<0.05)and then showed a declining trend.In the L-arginine group,they reached the highest levels at 24 hours(P<0.05)and significantly decreased at 48 hours.In the sodium taurocholate group,serum amylase and lipase remained at higher levels at 12 hours with a slow decline trend(P<0.05).Compared with the normal group,microscopic examination revealed mild acinar edema and widened interlobular spaces in the cerulein group,with a higher presence of inflammatory cells.In the L-arginine group,there was widening of interlobular spaces,extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells,and patchy necrotic areas.In the sodium taurocholate group,significant pancreatic edema,structural disarray,extensive necrotic foci,and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed.Compared with the normal group,the pathological scores of induced acute pancreatitis in all three models were significantly different at each time point(P<0.05).Moreover,the pathological scores in each group increased over time,indicating a gradual worsening of pancreatic tissue damage.When comparing different models at the same time,there were differences in pathological scores,with the sodium taurocholate group having the highest scores,followed by the L-arginine group,and the cerulein group having the lowest scores.Analyzing the three models at the same time point,the most severe condition was in the sodium taurocholate group,which was characterized by pancreatic hemorrhage and necrosis,followed by the L-arginine group,which was characterized by necrosis,and the least severe condition was in the cerulein group,mainly characterized by edema.The serum biochemical index levels of the cerulein and L-arginine groups decreased at 48 hours,indicating that these two models may have a tendency to self-heal and belong to a self-limiting disease course.The serum biochemical index levels of the sodium taurocholate group decreased slowly after 12 hours.Therefore,pancreatic injury in the sodium taurocholate group might not be relieved after 48 hours or longer.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum homocysteine (Hcy), mannose-binding lectin (MBL), triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and homeostasis model assessment-insulinresistance (HOMA-IR) and adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with second-trimester gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:Ninety-eight patients with GDM in the second trimester of pregnancy admitted to the Obstetrics Department of Zhongshan People′s Hospital from April 2020 to June 2022 were retrospectively selected. Serum Hcy and MBL were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before intervention, HOMA-IR was evaluated according to homeostasis model, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) was detected by oxidase method. The level of triglyceride (TG) was detected by automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay and TyG index was calculated. The patients were given health education, dietary guidance, insulin and other treatment, followed up until delivery and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. The patients were divided into adverse pregnancy outcome group and no adverse pregnancy outcome group based on pregnancy outcomes. The factors influencing adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients in the second trimester were analyzed, and the predictive value of blood glucose control, serum Hcy, MBL and TyG index on adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients in the second trimester was analyzed by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve.Results:After intervention, there were 24 cases (24.49%) of adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients in the second trimester, including 2 cases of polyhydramnios, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal hypoglycemia, 4 cases of premature membranes breaking, 4 cases of premature delivery, 6 cases of fetal macrosomia, 3 cases of low birth weight, and 1 case of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. There were statistically significant differences in the proportion of poor glycemic control, Hcy level, TyG index, HOMA-IR and MBL level between the GDM group with adverse pregnancy outcome and the GDM group without adverse pregnancy outcome (all P<0.05). By binary logistic regression analysis, Hcy, TyG index, HOMA-IR and poor glycemic control during pregnancy were risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients in the second trimester, and MBL was protective factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients in the second trimester (all P<0.05). The sensitivity of poor glycemic control during pregnancy, Hcy, MBL, TyG index and HOMA-IR alone and in combination to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes of GDM patients in the second trimester were 75.00%, 79.17%, 70.83%, 75.00%, 66.67% and 91.67%, respectively. The specificity was 74.32%, 78.38%, 71.62%, 75.68%, 71.62% and 91.89%, respectively. Poor glycemic control during pregnancy, Hcy, MBL, TyG index and HOMA-IR combined to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients during the second trimester were of high value (all P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that Hcy and TyG were positively correlated with HOMA-IR ( r=0.712, P<0.001, r=0.649, P=0.023), while MBL was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR ( r=-0.682, P=0.006). Conclusions:Poor glycemic control during pregnancy, Hcy, MBL, TyG index and HOMA-IR are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with GDM in the second trimester. Combined detection can predict adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with GDM in the second trimester early.

Objective:To investigate applications of nonconsecutive aerobic resistance training among women with gestational diabetes mellitus, to provide reference for pregnancy health care.Methods:The convenient sampling method was adopted, a total of 110 gestational diabetes mellitus pregnant women were selected who established card and regular obstetric check-up in Zhongshan City People's Hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 as the study subjects. They were divided into experimental group and control group according to the random number table method, each group contained 55 cases. Both groups were given routine pregnancy health care, based on this, the control group received aerobic walking for 6 times a week, and the experimental group was implemented nonconsecutive aerobic resistance training for 6 times a week. The fasting blood glucose and 2 h postprandial blood glucose levels of the two groups were compared at the time of enrollment, the 4th week, the 8th week and the 12th week of intervention, childbirth outcome was also compared between two groups.Results:At the 8th week and the 12th week of intervention, the levels of fasting blood glucose were (5.15 ± 0.48), (4.85 ± 0.37) mmol/L in the experimental group, lower than (5.36 ± 0.46), (5.18 ± 0.48) mmol/L in the control group; at the 4th, 8th and 12th week of intervention, 2 h postprandial blood glucose levels were (6.45 ± 0.52), (6.34 ± 0.44), (6.21 ± 0.40) mmol/L in the experimental group, lower than (6.73 ± 0.56), (6.74 ± 0.48), (6.49 ± 0.45) mmol/L in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( t values were 2.19-4.30, P<0.05). The natural delivery rate in the experimental group was 85.7% (42/49), which was higher than 69.2% (36/52) in the control group; the incidence of perineal injury and respiratory distress were 12.2% (6/49) and 2.0% (1/49) in the experimental group, lower than 28.9% (15/52) and 15.4% (8/52) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 3.89, 4.22, P<0.05). Conclusions:Nonconsecutive aerobic resistance training can effectively control blood glucose, increase the natutal delivery rate and improve delivery outcomes of women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

We constructed a phage-displayed random mutation library of Tat38-61(51N/55N), for studying the molecular evolution screening of HIV-1 Tat38-61 epitope. We used primers containing the random nucleotide sequences, and introduced the random mutations at the sites of 51 and 55 amino acids coding sequences into full-length Tat sequences by overlapping PCR. With the randomly mutated full-length Tat as template, the Tat38-61(51N/55N) mutants which contained recognition sequences for the Xba I in both ends were amplified by PCR using the designed primers. The mutants were cloned into Xba I site in the phagemid vector pCANTAB5S, then the recombinants were transformed into E. coli TG1, a phage-displayed the random mutation library of Tat38-61(51N/55N) was constructed by the rescue of help virus M13KO7. The results showed that the library consisted of about 5.0 x 10(6) colonies and the phage library titer was 2.65 x 10(12) TU/mL. More than 56.50% colonies in the library were positive for insertion. Sequence analysis showed that the nucleotides encoding amino acids at the sites of 51 and 55 distributed randomly. The constructed mutation library could meet the requirements for the following molecular evolution screening, and might prepare the Tat mutants for the further study of new Tat vaccine candidates.
AIDS Vaccines ; immunology ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Peptide Fragments ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Peptide Library ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology

Objective To investigate how ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated urocanic acid (cis-UCA) affects the immune function and possible mechanisms.Methods Skin grafts were harvested from the tails of C57B mice and placed onto full thickness beds on the flanks of BALB\C mice (across a complete MHC Class Ⅰ and Ⅱ mismatch). 0.2 ml of 24% cis-urocanic acid, 100% trans-urocanic acid, and saline was separately injected ip into recipient mice prior to skin grafting. The skin allograft survival time was observed and compared between groups.A mice model for delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to DNP6-OVA which was indicated by increasing in ear thickness was established. Each mouse in Group A and B was injected respectively with 200 μg cis-UCA and trans-UCA ip 5 hours previous to sensitization with 10 μg emulsified DNP6-OVA in the subcutaneous of hind legs. Group C was control group, in which DNP6-OVA remained at the same time. After 7 days, each ear thickness of all mice including group D was measured by micrometer. Mice in the group D were examined by increase of ear thickness caused by the physical stimulus and other factors. 2 μg DNP6-OVA were injected into each pinnae thereafter. And each ear thichness was remeasured 24 hours later.The serum IgG, C3, C4 level in the mice stimulated by E. Coli was detected by ELISA assay.The lymphocytes were cultured with 24% Cis-UCA, trans-UCA, histamine, Cis-UCA cimetidine together and histamine cimetidine together respectively. After 40 hours PHA stimulating, 200 μl lymphocytes culture mediaClinical Experiment Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029 Jiangsu Province, China (Wang T, Chen HQ, Ni L and Ding XJ)This research was sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 39270646.supernatant were collected from each group to evaluate the IL-2 active level with IL-2 depending cells "CTLL" by MTT method. 68 hours later following PHA stimulating, lymphocytes proliferation index (SI) was detected by MTT method. Meanwhile, the total cells RNA of each group were extracted by one step extraction method and quantified, then the IL-2 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.Results Cis-UCA could significantly prolong the allograft skin survival (11.4±0.71 / 9.3±0.22 days, P<0.05) comparing with the trans-UCA and PBS. Significant immunosuppression of DTH to DNP6-OVA was found in the Cis-UCA group, the P value <0.01 (t=9.48). No same effect was found in trans-UCA and PBS group. The 24% Cis-UCA immune suppression rate was 47.9%. Also we found that Cis-UCA could significantly inhibit the IL-2 bioactivity than trans-UCA (3.13±1.52 / 10.14±6.21, P<0.05) in the mice stimulated by E. Coli. The humoral immune response could be suppressed by Cis-UCA. The serum IgG level was decreased significantly in the Cis-UCA group (t=4.03, P<0.01). The serum complement level (C3 and C4) was also decreased after injecting Cis-UCA (C3: t=2.50, P<0.05; C4: t=4.63, P<0.01). Meanwhile, the results indicated that normal T lymphocytes proliferation could be inhibited by Cis-UCA. The stimulated index (SI) of T lymphocytes could be decreased by Cis-UCA. Same effects were found in histamine group. The inhibited effects could be blocked by cimetidine (H2R blocker). The trans-UCA did not show the stimulated index inhibiting effect on T lymphocytes.The same effects of Cis-UCA upon T lymphocyte's total RNA were found. The Cis-UCA and histamine decreasing the cell total RNA could be also blocked by cimetidine. Conclusions The ultraviolet immunosuppression may be mainly mediated by Cis-UCA which could effect on the H2 receptors on T lymphocytes.