ObjectiveTo investigate the chain effect of moral leadership and ethical climate on moral distress and moral injury. MethodsA total of 606 nurses in Shandong Province， China， were selected using a convenience sampling method at August 2023. Participants were evaluated using the Moral Distress Scale， the Moral Injury Symptoms Scale， the Moral Leadership Measure， and the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey. ResultsThis study provided a model describing the interrelationships among moral distress， moral leadership， ethical climate， and moral injury. Moral distress had a negative impact on moral injury， while moral leadership and ethical climate had positive effects on both moral distress and moral injury. Moreover， moral leadership and ethical climate could moderate the relationship between moral distress and moral injury， playing a partial mediating role. The final model showed that moral distress， moral leadership， ethical climate， and moral injury formed a chain effect. ConclusionNursing managers and nurses should actively participate in moral training and education to enhance their ability to address moral distress. Meanwhile， healthcare organizations should cultivate moral leaders， improve the ethical climate in the workplace， promptly identify and intervene in moral injury， and maintain nurses’ mental health.

Objective:In this study, the collected mosquito samples were subjected to viral isolation to identify the species and branch characteristics of arboviruses in five regions of Shanxi Province.Methods:Eight arboviruses in mosquito samples collected from July to September 2020 were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and virus isolation was carried out through cell culture. Virus isolates were identified and analyzed by molecular biology and bioinformatics method.Results:We detected 1 batch of positive samples of Japanese encephalitis virus, 2 batches of positive samples of Culex flavivirus and 8 batches of positive samples of Nam Dinh virus among 121 batches of mosquito samples. Seven virus isolates were isolated, numbered: SX-YJ-Cxp-4、SX-YJ-Ars-2、SX-YJ-Cxp-1、SX-LY-Cxp-10、SX-GP-Ars-5、SX-GP-Cxp-2、SX-GP-Cxp-4, all of which were identified as Nam Dinh virus, and the whole genome sequencing was performed on one of them, and the result showed that Shanxi Nam Dinh virus isolate and Yunnan Nam Dinh virus isolate belonged to the same evolutionary branch.Conclusions:Nam Dinh virus was isolated and identified on the specimen from Shanxi province for the first time.

Objective To understand the types and distribution of Arboviruses in Hainan province.Methods Blood-sucking insects were collected in Hainan province from 2017 to 2018.After laboratory treatment,BHK-21 cells and C6/36 cells were inoculated with grinding supernatant of all blood-sucking insects to isolate all of involving virus.Arbovirus genes in blood-sucking insects were detected in parallel by RT-PCR method.Results A total of 15 062 mosquitoes were classified into four genera (Culex,Armigeres,Aedes,Anopheles) and 11 360 midges were collected.Culex tritaeniorhynchus was in the majority and accounted for 92.88％ (13 990/15 062) of all the mosquitoes collected.Four strains of virus isolates were notified by tissue culture method.Three strains of viruses belonged to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV),with the other one as Getah virus (GETV).Five pools of JEV gene amplification were positive,from Culex tritaeniorhynchus.Results from the phylogenetic analysis showed that they belonged to genotype JEV-Ⅰ.The minimum infection rate of JEV was 0.57‰ (8/13 990).A total of 5 pools of Akabane virus (AKV) gene amplification were positive.The minimum infection rate of AKV was 0.44‰ (5/11 360).Based on the S gene and M gene sequences of the virus,data from the phylogenetic analysis showed that the five AKV strains carried by midges in Hainan province were in a separate evolutionary branch and with formed unique geographical distribution.Conclusions JEV and GETV had been isolated again from the mosquito specimens in this survey,since the 1980s.AKV was detected from the midge specimens in Hainan province.These results showed the needs of strengthening the programs on detection and monitor of JEV,GETV and AKV that were related to animal and human diseases in order to reduce the risks of related diseases in this area.

Objective:To investigate the types and distribution of blood-sucking insects and arboviruses in Inner Mongolia autonomous region, and provide basic data for the prevention of arbovirus transmitted disease.Methods:Blood-sucking insects were collected by lamp trapping method in nature. Mosquito samples were classified according to morphologic characteristics and then stored at liquid nitrogen. Viruses were isolated in cell culture and characterized, using molecular biological methods.Results:A total of 24 240 mosquitoes and 17 110 aphids were collected from 2 sites of 5 counties (Flags) in Inner Mongolia in 2014 and during 2017-2018. Among them, Japanese encephalitis virus gene was detected in Culex pipiens pallens, and 4 virus strains isolates which could be stably passaged. The isolates were identified as Getah virus and densonucleosis virus by molecular biology identification. Phylogenetic analysis on the E2 gene of the Getah virus (NMDK1813-1) showed that it belonged to the same evolutionary branch of the Gansu isolates (GS10-2) and having six common amino acid variation sites. Conclusions:The emergence of Japanese encephalitis virus and Getah virus from specimen of mosquitoes in Inner Mongolia indicated the new challenges on the prevention and control of arbovirus and related diseases. The results pf this study provided basic data for the prevention and control stretagies of arbovirus transmitted diseases in Inner Mongolia.