Objective To compare the therapeutic value of endoscopic ligation surgery and surgical hemorrhoidectomy for internal hemorrhoids.Methods This study was a retrospective study,selected 340 patients with internal hemorrhoids admitted to the hospital from February 2023 to April 2025.According to the treatment method,they were divided into two groups:160 patients who underwent surgical hemorrhoidectomy as the control group and 180 patients who underwent endoscopic ligation surgery as the observation group.The surgical related indicators of the two groups were compared to evaluate postoperative anal pain,detect serum inflammatory factors,anal function,anorectal motility indicators,anal stenosis degree before and after surgery,and statistically analyze the incidence of complications.Results The observation group had a shorter surgical time,less intraoperative bleeding,and lower treatment costs compared to the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).On the 1st and 7th day after the surgery,the pain visual analogue scale(VAS)scores of the observation group were significant lower than those of the control group,with statisticlly significant differences(P<0.05).One month after the surgery,the levels of serum inflammatory factors in the observation group were lower than those of the control group,with statisticlly significant differences(P<0.05).One month after the surgery,the score of the anal function Kelly scale in the observation group was higher than that of the control group,with statisticlly significant difference(P<0.05).One month after the surgery,there were obvious differences in the levels of anorectal dynamic indicators between the two groups(P<0.05).The incidence of complications and the rate of anal stenosis in the observation group were relatively lower(P<0.05).Conclusion Both endoscopic ligation surgery and surgical hemorrhoidectomy can be used in the treatment of internal hemorrhoids.However,compared with the latter,the former is more effective in improving the patient's serum inflammatory factors,anal function,and postoperative pain.It can also shorten the patient's operation time,reduce the intraoperative blood loss,and relieve the patient's economic burden.

Objective To compare the therapeutic value of endoscopic ligation surgery and surgical hemorrhoidectomy for internal hemorrhoids.Methods This study was a retrospective study,selected 340 patients with internal hemorrhoids admitted to the hospital from February 2023 to April 2025.According to the treatment method,they were divided into two groups:160 patients who underwent surgical hemorrhoidectomy as the control group and 180 patients who underwent endoscopic ligation surgery as the observation group.The surgical related indicators of the two groups were compared to evaluate postoperative anal pain,detect serum inflammatory factors,anal function,anorectal motility indicators,anal stenosis degree before and after surgery,and statistically analyze the incidence of complications.Results The observation group had a shorter surgical time,less intraoperative bleeding,and lower treatment costs compared to the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).On the 1st and 7th day after the surgery,the pain visual analogue scale(VAS)scores of the observation group were significant lower than those of the control group,with statisticlly significant differences(P<0.05).One month after the surgery,the levels of serum inflammatory factors in the observation group were lower than those of the control group,with statisticlly significant differences(P<0.05).One month after the surgery,the score of the anal function Kelly scale in the observation group was higher than that of the control group,with statisticlly significant difference(P<0.05).One month after the surgery,there were obvious differences in the levels of anorectal dynamic indicators between the two groups(P<0.05).The incidence of complications and the rate of anal stenosis in the observation group were relatively lower(P<0.05).Conclusion Both endoscopic ligation surgery and surgical hemorrhoidectomy can be used in the treatment of internal hemorrhoids.However,compared with the latter,the former is more effective in improving the patient's serum inflammatory factors,anal function,and postoperative pain.It can also shorten the patient's operation time,reduce the intraoperative blood loss,and relieve the patient's economic burden.

Objective:To investigate potential mechanism of Helicobacter pylori metabolites antagonizing host innate immunity.Methods:RNA sequencing and pathway enrichment analysis were used to analyze only LPS-stimulated gastric mucosal cells GES-1,GES-1 cells co-treated with LPS and Helicobacter pylori culture supernatant,and untreated GES-1 cells.The culture supernatant of He-licobacter pylori was filtered by a 3KD ultrafiltration tube,and the filtered filtrate(metabolite part)and the retained solution(protein part)were treated with LPS-stimulated GES-1 cells to detect activity of NF-κB pathway,phosphorylation level of NF-κB,secretion levels of NF-κB pathway effectors TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-8.Identification of key metabolites by untargeted metabolic mass spectrometry.Results:Compared with GES-1 cells stimulated only by LPS,after co-treated with LPS and Helicobacter pylori culture supernatant,expression levels of various genes were regulated and tended to the level of GES-1 in untreated gastric mucosal cells,mainly in the NF-κB pathway.After co-treatment with LPS and culture supernatant of Helicobacter pylori,activity of NF-κB pathway was inhibited(P<0.05).Helicobacter pylori metabolites could inhibit the activity of NF-κB pathway,inhibit phosphorylation of NF-κB,and inhibit the secretion of NF-κB pathway effectors TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-8(P<0.05).1,5 and 25 μmol/L of Helicobacter pylori metabolite 2-D-Glu-copyranose(2DG)treatment inhibited activity of NF-κB pathway and phosphorylation of NF-κB in GES-1 cells,and secretion of NF-κB pathway effectors TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-8 were inhibited(P<0.05).After 2DG treatment,activity of NF-κB in GES-1 cells with TLR3,TLR4,TLR5,TLR6,TLR7,TLR8,TLR9 and TLR10 knockout were significantly decreased(P<0.05);while there was no significant changes in activity of NF-κB in TLR1 and TLR2 knockout GES-1 cells.Both TLR1 and TLR2 interactions were attenuated in GES-1 cells after 2DG treatment.Molecular docking showed that 2DG could bind to TLR2 amino acid disabled R321,K347 and F349,the binding energy was-12 kcal/mol.TLR2 wild-type and mutant plasmids(R321K,K347R,F349A)were constructed,and TLR2-knockout GES-1 cells were respectively transfected.It was found that 2DG treatment did not reduce NF-κB activity in GES-1 cells transfected with TLR2 mutant.Conclusion:Helicobacter pylori metabolite 2DG can interact with TLR2,reduce the formation of het-erodimers between TLR2 and TLR1,and inhibit the activity of innate immune NF-κB pathway.