ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of a cluster of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection in a kindergarten in Gongshu District of Hangzhou City in May 2024, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of similar outbreaks. MethodsAn on-site investigation was conducted using an epidemiological case investigation form. Throat swab specimens collected from cases were screened for 13 respiratory pathogens using real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For HMPV nucleic acid positive specimens, the F gene of HMPV was used as the target gene for amplification and sequencing. The sequencing results were then compared with sequences in GenBank database to determine the virus subtypes and perform phylogenetic analyses. ResultsThe outbreak occurred in a kindergarter junior class with a total of 28 preschoolers and 3 teachers and childcare workers. A total of 11 cases (10 preschoolers and 1 teacher) were identified, including 8 male cases and 3 female cases. Clinical manifestations included fever in all 11 cases (100.00%), cough in 8 cases (72.72%), catarrhal symptoms in 4 cases (36.36%), and headache in 3 cases (27.27%). All symptoms were mild, and no severe cases were observed. A total of 11 throat swab samples were collected. Real-time fluorescent PCR test results showed that 3 samples were positive for HMPV nucleic acid, 2 samples were positive for both HMPV and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and 1 sample was positive for both HMPV and rhinovirus. The sequences of the 6 HMPV nucleic acid positive specimens were amplified and analyzed using specific primers, and all were determined to be HMPV subtype A2b. The F gene fragment sequence showed the highest similarity to PV081665.1/Brazil/2024 (99.65%), and also exhibited high similarity to PP683455.1/Indonesia/2021 (99.48%), PV016275.1/Beijing/2024 (99.31%), and PV052230.1/USA/2024 (99.13%). ConclusionThis cluster of acute respiratory tract infection was caused by HMPV subtype A2b, with co-infection of rhinovirus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The F gene fragment sequences of the HMPV in this outbreak were highly homologous to those of the A2b strains isolated from Brazil, Beijing, Indonesia, and the the United States.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of commonly used molecular biological identification methods in differential identification of Citrobacter freundii complex(Cfc)and find out the differences in the mass spectra among the prevalent species of Cfc so as to facilitate the rapid and accurate identification.METHODS Totally 150 clinical strains were isolated from The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2015 to 2020 and were identified as Cfc by means of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS),the genome data were obtained by the next generation sequencing and were compared with reference genome of Citrobacter species from National Center of Biotechnology Information(NCBI)based on aver-age nucleotide identity(ANI),phylogenetic analyses of rec N gene,concatenated alignments of four housekeeping genes(fusA,pyrG,leuS and rpoB as well as gyrB,rplB,fusA and leuS),core genome single nucleotide poly-morphism(coreSNP)and whole genome(WG),digital DNA-DNA hybridization(dDDH)analysis,ribosomal multilocus sequence typing(rMLST)and typical(strain)genome service(TYGS)analysis.ANI was set as the'gold standard' for the identification of the Cfc strains,and the capabilities of the various methods were evaluated.A certain number of strains of Citrobacter freundii(Cfr),Citrobacter braakii(Cbr)and Citrobacter portucalen-sis(Cpo)were randomly selected to obtain and compare the mass spectra so as to find out the differences in the mass spectra.RESULTS The identification capability of the Cfc strains is limited based on the available database for MALDI-TOF MS,Cpo was prone to be misidentified as Cfr or Cbr.The mass spectrum between Cpo and Cfr ranged between 2600 and 2660 m/z,the mass spectrum between Cpo and Cbr ranged between 5200 and 5300 m/z,showing significant difference.The concatenated alignments of four housekeeping genes gyrB,rplB,fusA and leuS,CoreSNP and WG phylogenetic analysis had high accurate rate of identification.CONCLUSIONS The meth-ods have certain limitations in identification of Cfc.The joint application of ANI with the methods such as WG phylogenetic analysis,update of mass spectrum database and timely establishment of database can achieve the ac-curate identification of the species of Cfc.

Objective:To evaluate strategies for screening and diagnosing Lynch syndrome associated endom-etrial carcinoma(LS-EC)in clinical practice and analyze clinicopathological characteristics of LS-EC.Methods:A total of 258 patients with endometrial carcinoma who underwent surgery in The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2019 to January 2022 were included.All enrolled patients underwent postoperative immu-nohistochemical testing for mismatch repair(MMR)proteins.Based on the expression status of the four MMR proteins,the patients were divided into deficient mismatch repair(d-MMR)group(57 cases)and proficient mis-match repair(p-MMR)group(201 cases).Among them,23 patients in the d-MMR group underwent germline gene testing for Lynch syndrome(LS).According to germline gene testing results,these patients were further classified into LS-EC(n=8)and non-LS-EC(n=15)groups.Clinicopathological features of LS-EC patients were analyzed.Results:Among the 258 endometrial carcinoma patients,57cases(22.1%)exhibited d-MMR,with MLH1 and PMS2 co-deletion being the most common(61.4%,35/57).Among the23 d-MMR patients who under-went genetic testing,8 cases(34.8%)were identified as having LS-EC,including 5 cases(62.5%)of MLH1 gene mutation,1 case(12.5%)of MSH2 gene mutation,1 case(12.5%)of PMS2 gene mutation and 1 case(12.5%)of MSH6 gene mutation.Compared with the non-LS-EC group,the LS-EC patients showed significant familial aggregation and higher pathological grade(P<0.05).Conclusions:Immunohistochemical analysis of MMR proteins combined with family history represents an effective screening strategy for LS-EC,however defini-tive diagnosis requires germline genetic testing.Among LS-EC cases,MLH1 is the most frequently mutated gene.LS-EC patients are characterized by familial clustering and high pathological grade.Discrepancies between immu-nohistochistochemistry and genetic testing results present challenges in the definitive diagnosis of LS-EC.

Objective To systematically evaluate and integrate qualitative studies on perception of exercise behaviors in community-dwelling older adults with frailty,and to provide references for clinical development of targeted exercise intervention strategies.Methods A systematic search of PubMed,Medline,Embase,PsycINFO,the Cochrane Library,SinoMed,Wanfang Database,CNKI,and VIP Database for qualitative studies on perception of exercise behaviors in older adults with frailty in the community was conducted from the inception of the databases to June 2024.Literature quality was evaluated using the Australian Joanna Briggs Institute Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care Quality Assessment Criteria for Qualitative Research(2016 edition),and Meta-synthesis was performed using the theme synthesis method.Results A total of 10 papers were included,grouped into 10 categories and integrated into the 3 domains of the capability,opportunity,and motivation-behavior model(COM-B model),i.e.Preparation for exercise behavior is influenced by capability factors(physical reserve,knowledge reserve,psychological preparation);stage-specific motivational evolution promotes the internalization of exercise behavior(guiding,focusing,stimulating,and maintaining);external conditions provide opportunities for exercise behavior(individual interaction,community environment,and social support).Conclusion Perceptions of exercise behavior among community-dwelling older adults with frailty or are complex and influenced by a variety of factors.Future exercise intervention strategies should consider modifiable factors,enhance knowledge education,stimulate intrinsic motivation,and solidify external conditions,while also accommodating individual differences and preferences,so as to promote exercise participation and health enhancement in this group.

With the increasing aging of the population in China,the problem of cognitive decline with age is becoming more prominent,and how to move forward to maintain and improve cognitive function in older adults has become an important research topic.Active participation in social activities has a protective effect on cognitive function in older adults.This paper summarizes the concepts of social activities,relationships with cognitive function,and strategies for promoting interventions.The corresponding nursing inspirations were proposed,aiming to provide new perspectives for improving cognitive function in older adults.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of commonly used molecular biological identification methods in differential identification of Citrobacter freundii complex(Cfc)and find out the differences in the mass spectra among the prevalent species of Cfc so as to facilitate the rapid and accurate identification.METHODS Totally 150 clinical strains were isolated from The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2015 to 2020 and were identified as Cfc by means of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS),the genome data were obtained by the next generation sequencing and were compared with reference genome of Citrobacter species from National Center of Biotechnology Information(NCBI)based on aver-age nucleotide identity(ANI),phylogenetic analyses of rec N gene,concatenated alignments of four housekeeping genes(fusA,pyrG,leuS and rpoB as well as gyrB,rplB,fusA and leuS),core genome single nucleotide poly-morphism(coreSNP)and whole genome(WG),digital DNA-DNA hybridization(dDDH)analysis,ribosomal multilocus sequence typing(rMLST)and typical(strain)genome service(TYGS)analysis.ANI was set as the'gold standard' for the identification of the Cfc strains,and the capabilities of the various methods were evaluated.A certain number of strains of Citrobacter freundii(Cfr),Citrobacter braakii(Cbr)and Citrobacter portucalen-sis(Cpo)were randomly selected to obtain and compare the mass spectra so as to find out the differences in the mass spectra.RESULTS The identification capability of the Cfc strains is limited based on the available database for MALDI-TOF MS,Cpo was prone to be misidentified as Cfr or Cbr.The mass spectrum between Cpo and Cfr ranged between 2600 and 2660 m/z,the mass spectrum between Cpo and Cbr ranged between 5200 and 5300 m/z,showing significant difference.The concatenated alignments of four housekeeping genes gyrB,rplB,fusA and leuS,CoreSNP and WG phylogenetic analysis had high accurate rate of identification.CONCLUSIONS The meth-ods have certain limitations in identification of Cfc.The joint application of ANI with the methods such as WG phylogenetic analysis,update of mass spectrum database and timely establishment of database can achieve the ac-curate identification of the species of Cfc.

OBJECTIIVE:The positive role of exercise intervention in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia has received widespread attention,but the optimal exercise dose for elderly sarcopenic patients still needs to be further determined.The article explored the dose-effect relationship between various elements of exercise prescription and the improvement of muscle mass,muscle strength and physical function in community-dwelling elderly patients with sarcopenia,aiming to provide scientific support for the development of exercise prescription for community-dwelling elderly patients with sarcopenia.METHODS:Literature published from the inception to October 9,2024 in PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,Web of Science,CNKI,WanFang,VIP,and CBMdisc databases was systematically searched.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.Standardized mean difference(SMD)and its 95％CI were used as effect statistics.RESULTS:(1)A total of 11 randomized controlled trials were included,with 348 in the trial group and 304 in the control group.(2)Meta-analysis results showed that exercise improved appendicular skeletal muscle mass index,grip strength,and walking speed in elderly patients with sarcopenia(SMDs 0.46,0.63,0.67,P＜0.05).(3)When the frequency of exercise was 2-3 days/week,appendicular skeletal muscle mass index(SMD=0.57,95％CI:0.28-0.86,P＜0.001),grip strength(SMD=0.70,95％CI:0.37-1.02,P＜0.001),and walking speed(SMD=0.69,95％CI:0.20-1.18,P=0.006)were effectively improved in elderly patients with sarcopenia.(4)When the duration of exercise was 25-60 minutes per session,appendicular skeletal muscle mass index(SMD=0.28,95％CI:0.07-0.50,P=0.01),grip strength(SMD=0.37,95％CI:0.16-0.59,P＜0.001),and walking speed(SMD=0.39,95％CI:0.06-0.73,P=0.02)were effectively improved in elderly patients with sarcopenia.(5)When the exercise intensity was moderate,appendicular skeletal muscle mass index(SMD=0.69,95％CI:0.35-1.03,P＜0.001),and grip strength(SMD=0.36,95％CI:0.09-0.64,P=0.009),and walking speed(SMD=0.91,95％CI:0.34-1.47,P=0.002)were effectively improved in elderly patients with sarcopenia.(6)When the dose of exercise cycle was 8-12 weeks,appendicular skeletal muscle mass index(SMD=0.42,95％CI:0.20-0.64,P＜0.001),grip strength(SMD=0.45,95％CI:0.26-0.64,P＜0.001),and walking speed(SMD=0.76,95％CI:0.27-1.25,P=0.002)were effectively improved in elderly patients with sarcopenia.CONCLUSION:Active,regular exercise can improve muscle health in older adults with sarcopenia.It is recommended that older patients with sarcopenia exercise at least 2 to 3 days per week,25 to 60 minutes each time,lasting for 8 to 12 weeks of moderate intensity exercise to improve muscle health.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of oblique lumbar interbody fusion(OLIF)combined with lateral plate fixation in the treatment of single-level adjacent segment disease(ASDis)following lumbar fusion surgery so as to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of this surgical approach.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 46 patients with single-level ASDis after lumbar fusion surgery from August 2022 to October 2024.Twenty-three patients underwent OLIF combined with lateral plate fixation(OLIF group),while 23 patients received posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF)(PLIF group).The following parameters were compared between the two groups:operative time,intraoperative blood loss,visual analogue scale(VAS)for pain,Oswestry disability index(ODI),disc height(DH),intervertebral foramen height(IFH),and interbody fusion status.Results All the 46 patients successfully completed surgery for single-level ASDis and were followed up for(13.7±1.1)months.The OLIF group had significantly shorter operative time[(70.7±4.6)min vs.(128.6±12.0)min]and less intraoperative blood loss[(58.6±5.7)mL vs.(313.3±47.5)mL]compared to the PLIF group(all P＜0.05).Both groups showed significant improvements in postoperative lumbar VAS and ODI scores at all follow-up time points compared to preoperative values(P＜0.05).The OLIF group exhibited significantly lower lumbar VAS scores at 3 days and 3 months postoperatively than those of the PLIF group(P＜0.05),and there was no statistical difference in VAS scores at the other follow-up time points(P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in postoperative ODI between OLIF group and PLIF group at each time point(P＞0.05).Postoperative DH and IFH were significantly improved in both groups compared to preoperative measurements(P＜0.05).In OLIF group,1 case of transient left thigh numbness resolved with conservative treatment within 2 weeks;1 case of cage subsidence was observed at 1 month postoperatively,achieving fusion without further displacement by 13 months.All the OLIF cases achieved complete fusion(fusion rate:100％).In PLIF group,2 cases of cerebrospinal fluid leakage healed with bed rest,1 case of wound exudation resolved with intensive dressing changes,and 1 case failed to achieve fusion(fusion rate:96％).Conclusion OLIF combined with lateral plate fixation demonstrates satisfactory early clinical outcomes for single-level ASDis after lumbar fusion,with significant advantages in operative efficiency(shorter time plus reduced blood loss)and short-term pain relief.Therefore,it is a safe and effective surgical approach.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of oblique lumbar interbody fusion(OLIF)combined with lateral plate fixation in the treatment of single-level adjacent segment disease(ASDis)following lumbar fusion surgery so as to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of this surgical approach.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 46 patients with single-level ASDis after lumbar fusion surgery from August 2022 to October 2024.Twenty-three patients underwent OLIF combined with lateral plate fixation(OLIF group),while 23 patients received posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF)(PLIF group).The following parameters were compared between the two groups:operative time,intraoperative blood loss,visual analogue scale(VAS)for pain,Oswestry disability index(ODI),disc height(DH),intervertebral foramen height(IFH),and interbody fusion status.Results All the 46 patients successfully completed surgery for single-level ASDis and were followed up for(13.7±1.1)months.The OLIF group had significantly shorter operative time[(70.7±4.6)min vs.(128.6±12.0)min]and less intraoperative blood loss[(58.6±5.7)mL vs.(313.3±47.5)mL]compared to the PLIF group(all P＜0.05).Both groups showed significant improvements in postoperative lumbar VAS and ODI scores at all follow-up time points compared to preoperative values(P＜0.05).The OLIF group exhibited significantly lower lumbar VAS scores at 3 days and 3 months postoperatively than those of the PLIF group(P＜0.05),and there was no statistical difference in VAS scores at the other follow-up time points(P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in postoperative ODI between OLIF group and PLIF group at each time point(P＞0.05).Postoperative DH and IFH were significantly improved in both groups compared to preoperative measurements(P＜0.05).In OLIF group,1 case of transient left thigh numbness resolved with conservative treatment within 2 weeks;1 case of cage subsidence was observed at 1 month postoperatively,achieving fusion without further displacement by 13 months.All the OLIF cases achieved complete fusion(fusion rate:100％).In PLIF group,2 cases of cerebrospinal fluid leakage healed with bed rest,1 case of wound exudation resolved with intensive dressing changes,and 1 case failed to achieve fusion(fusion rate:96％).Conclusion OLIF combined with lateral plate fixation demonstrates satisfactory early clinical outcomes for single-level ASDis after lumbar fusion,with significant advantages in operative efficiency(shorter time plus reduced blood loss)and short-term pain relief.Therefore,it is a safe and effective surgical approach.

BACKGROUND:In recent years,with the deepening of cell death research,necroptosis has gradually become a hot and difficult topic in academic research.Its various signaling pathways and proteins play an important role in the occurrence and development of periodontitis. People try to delay the process of periodontal tissue inflammation by preventing the occurrence of necroptosis. OBJECTIVE:To provide a review on the molecular mechanism of necroptosis and its correlation with periodontitis in the hope of providing new ideas and directions for the prevention,diagnosis,treatment and evaluation of periodontitis. METHODS:The first author searched PubMed,CNKI,and other databases in October 2023 for relevant literature published up to April 2024 with the search terms of "necroptosis,programmed cell death,periodontitis,periodontal,immunity,inflammation,receptor interacting protein kinase 1,receptor interacting protein kinase 3,mixed lineage kinase domain-like" in Chinese and "necroptosis,programmed cell death,periodontitis,periodontal,immunity,inflammation,RIP1,RIP3,MLKL" in English,respectively. The titles and abstracts of each document were read for preliminary screening,and 56 documents were finally selected for generalization and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The main pathogenesis of periodontitis is that periodontal pathogenic bacteria stimulate the organism,leading to changes in the periodontal microenvironment,breaking the original immune balance and releasing a variety of inflammatory factors,triggering an inflammatory response resulting in destruction of periodontal tissues. Necroptosis can modulate the immuno-inflammation in periodontal tissues,thus affecting the development of periodontitis. (2) The occurrence of necroptosis is related to a variety of proteins,signaling pathways,and signaling molecules. Animal experiments have confirmed that the expression of phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (pMLKL) is related to the degree of inflammation,and RIP3 and pMLKL are highly expressed in the periodontal tissues of mice suffering from periodontitis. Blocking the RIP3/MLKL pathway is conducive to the reduction of inflammation in periodontal tissues and the control of periodontitis progression. (3) To explore whether pMLKL can be used as a diagnostic indicator of periodontitis is of great value in the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis.