Background Existing studies suggest that cadmium exposure is associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the current epidemiological evidence is inconsistent. Objective To systematically evaluate the relationship between cadmium exposure and CVD through meta-analysis. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang and SinoMed databases to collect observational studies on the relationship between cadmium exposure and CVD in human population published until July 30, 2024. On the basis of following predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, the retrieved literature was systematically screened, and the basic information of the included research was extracted, including basic participant information, research outcomes, and data results. This study used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and a cross-sectional study evaluation protocol (11 items) recommended by the Quality of Health Care and Research Institutions of the United States for literature quality evaluation. Meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and assessment of publication bias of the data were conducted using Stata16.0 software. Result A total of 15 studies (18 datasets) were included, and the quality of all the studies was graded as medium or above. Among them, there were 10593 cases of CVD and 86801 controls. The results of meta-analysis showed that the standard mean difference (SMD) of the CVD case group was 0.44 and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was (0.30, 0.58), and the cadmium exposure level of the CVD case group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The subgroup analysis showed that the cadmium exposure levels in the CVD patients from the Americas (SMD=0.46, 95%CI: 0.29, 0.63) and Europe (SMD=0.14, 95%CI: 0.09, 0.19) were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The cadmium levels in blood (SMD=0.52, 95%CI: 0.31, 0.73) and urine (SMD=0.34, 95%CI: 0.16, 0.52) in the CVD case group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). In those cross-sectional studies (SMD=0.34, 95%CI: 0.23, 0.46), the cadmium exposure level in the CVD patients was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The sensitivity analysis showed robust meta-analysis results and the assessment of publication bias also showed no publication bias. Conclusion Cadmium exposure may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease after multiple studies were combined by meta analysis, suggesting that the scope and level of cadmium exposure in the population should be further controlled.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of orexin-A-mediated regulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors for promoting motor function recovery in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: Thirty-six newborn SD rats (aged 7-14 days) were randomized into 6 groups (n=6), including a normal control group, a sham-operated group, and 4 SCI groups with daily intrathecal injection of saline, DNQX, orexin-A, or orexin-A+DNQX for 3 consecutive days after PCI. Motor function of the rats were evaluated using blood-brain barrier (BBB) score and inclined plane test 1 day before and at 1, 3, and 7 days after SCI. For patch-clamp experiment, spinal cord slices from newborn rats in the control, sham-operated, SCI, and SCI+orexin groups were prepared, and ventral horn neurons were acutely isolated to determine the reversal potential and dynamic indicators of glutamate receptor-mediated currents under glutamate perfusion. RESULTS: At 3 and 7 days after SCI, the orexin-A-treated rats showed significantly higher BBB scores and grip tilt angles than those with other interventions. Compared with those treated with DNQX alone, the rats receiving the combined treatment with orexin and DNQX had significantly higher BBB scores and grip tilt angles on day 7 after PCI. In the patch-clamp experiment, the ventral horn neurons from SCI rat models exhibited obviously higher reversal potential and greater rise slope of glutamate current with shorter decay time than those from sham-operated and orexin-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS Orexin-A promotes motor function recovery in rats after SCI possibly by improving the function of the ionotropic glutamate receptors.
Animals ; Spinal Cord Injuries/drug therapy* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate/metabolism* ; Recovery of Function/drug effects* ; Orexins/pharmacology* ; Male ; Female ; Animals, Newborn ; Neuropeptides/pharmacology* ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/pharmacology*

Conventional cancer therapies, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy, often damage normal cells and may induce new tumors. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) selectively target tumor cells while sparing normal cells. Most OVs used in clinical trials have been genetically engineered to enhance their ability to target tumor cells and activate immune responses. To develop a specific OV-based approach for treating cervical cancer, this study constructed an oncolytic adenovirus that delivered a base editor targeting oncogenes to achieve efficient killing of tumor cells through inhibiting tumor growth and directly lysing tumor cells. We utilized the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter to drive the expression of adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) and successfully constructed the P-hTERT-E1A-GFP vector, which was validated for its activity in cervical cancer cells. Given the critical role of the MYC oncogene in the research of oncology, identifying efficient editing sites for the MYC oncogene is a key step in this study.Three MYC-targeting gRNAs were engineered and co-delivered with ABE8e base editor plasmids into HEK293T cells. Following puromycin selection, Sanger sequencing demonstrated differential editing efficiencies: MYC-1 (43%), MYC-2 (25%), and MYC-3 (35%), identifying MYC-1 as the most efficient editing locus. By constructing the P-ABEs-hTERT-E1A-GFP and P-MYC gRNA-hTERT-E1A-GFP vectors, we successfully packaged the virus and confirmed its specificity and efficacy. The experimental results demonstrate that this novel oncolytic adenovirus effectively inhibits the growth of HeLa cells in vitro, providing new experimental evidence and potential strategies for treating cervical cancer based on the HeLa cell model.
Humans ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology* ; Oncolytic Viruses/genetics* ; Female ; HEK293 Cells ; Oncolytic Virotherapy/methods* ; Adenoviridae/genetics* ; Gene Editing/methods* ; Telomerase/genetics* ; Adenovirus E1A Proteins/genetics* ; Genetic Vectors/genetics* ; HeLa Cells

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of detachable string magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy(ds-MCE)in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods Patients with liver cirrhosis were screened for esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)and ds-MCE examination to assess the accuracy of ds-MCE in identifying gastroesophageal varices,high-risk esophageal varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy using EGD as the gold standard,and evaluate the detection of portal hypertensive enteropathy and the comfort level of patients.Results From May 2021 to July 2022,a total of 53 patients with liver cirrhosis were successfully enrolled.With EGD as the gold standard,ds-MCE detected esophageal varices with 95.45％for sensitivity,100％for specificity and adjusted positive predictive value(PPV),95.65％for adjusted negative predictive value(NPV),and 0.877 for Kappa value(P＜0.001).For detection of gastric varices,ds-MCE had sensitivity,specificity,adjusted PPV,and adjusted NPV of 93.94％,90％,90.38％and 93.69％,and Kappa value of 0.839(P＜0.001).For detection of portal hypertension gastropathy,ds-MCE had sensitivity,specificity,adjusted PPV and adjusted NPV of 80％,90.70％,89.59％and 81.93％,and Kappa value of 0.657(P＜0.001).In differentiating high-risk esophageal varices,the sensitivity,specificity,adjusted PPV,and adjusted NPV were 76％,100％,100％and 77.43％,respectively;Kappa value was 0.770(P＜0.001).Of the patients with liver cirrhosis,26.0％(13/50)were diagnosed with portal hypertensive enteropathy.The main mucosal changes were edema,erythema,and vascular dysplasia.The ds-MCE comfort score of 3(2,4)was higher than that of the traditional EGD 1(0,3)(P＜0.000 1).Conclusion Compared with EGD,ds-MCE is an accurate,safe,feasible and comfortable method for detecting esophagogastric varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy in patients with liver cirrhosis.It is a potential alternative to EGD screening surveillance of gastroesophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Objective To explore the predictive effect of empowerment and theory of planned behavior(TPB)on the four core behaviors of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)self-management,and analyze the influence path of TPB model and behavioral intention on the four core behaviors.Methods A total of 500 T2DM patients who were hospitalized in the Endocrinology Department of three tertiary general hospitals in different provinces from December 2022 to May 2023 were selected for investigation.Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to explore the predictive effects of empowerment and TPB models on self-management behaviors.Bootstrap method was used to analyze the influence path of TPB model and behavior intention on self-management behaviors.Results Empowerment had a predictive effect on self-management behavior,which was improved after the addition of TPB,with medication R2=0.194,blood glucose monitoring R2=0.308,regular diet R2=0.337 and regular exercise R2=0.343,respectively.Mediation effect analyses revealed that attitude,subjective norm,and perceived behavioral control were observed to predict behavior intention across the four behaviors,and the three except through the behavior intention indirectly affect behavior,can also directly affect the behavior.Conclusions Empowerment can predict self-management behavior,and adding TPB to this can improve the prediction effect.Attitude,subjective norms and perceived control can indirectly or directly affect self-management behavior through behavioral intention.

Objective:To explore the relationship between olfactory dysfunction and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among elderly people in the community so as to provide a reference for screening and risk factor management of the MCI population.Methods:From March to June 2023, elderly individuals from Donghuashi and Fangzhuang communities in Beijing were selected as the study subjects by convenience sampling. Study subjects were surveyed using the General Information Questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Barthel Index, Sniffin' Sticks Test, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the factors that influence MCI among elderly people in the community.Results:A total of 252 questionnaires were distributed and 243 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 96.4% (243/252). Among 243 elderly people in the community, 75 experienced MCI, with an incidence of 30.9% (75/243). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of MCI in elderly people with olfactory dysfunctions was 1.979 times that in elderly people without olfactory dysfunctions and age, previous occupational type and frequency of mental activity were the influencing factors for the occurrence of MCI ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The incidence of MCI is high among elderly people in the community, especially those with olfactory dysfunctions. Nursing staff should pay attention to the role of olfactory dysfunction in cognitive function screening and risk factor management.

Objective:To carry out a scoping review on characteristics and effects of intervention program for promoting motor behavior among older adults in the community based on transtheoretical model (TTM), so as to explore the mechanism and connotation of TTM guiding strategy selection in the intervention program.Methods:The literature on the intervention program for promoting motor behavior among older adults in the community based on TTM was systematically searched in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Data. The search period was from database establishment to October 11, 2023. Two researchers conducted a summary and data analysis of the included literature.Results:A total of 15 articles were included, and the intervention framework included two types according to behavior change stages and behavior change patterns. The intervention strategy mainly included 17 items, such as emphasizing the benefits of exercise and drawbacks of no-exercise, establishing family support relationships, sharing exemplary experiences, rewarding, setting reminders, and signing commitments. The intervention strategies mainly involved 14 forms such as health lectures, one-on-one communication, exercise commitment letters, exercise logs, group communication meetings, and material/honor. The outcome measures consisted of feasibility (safety, retention, attendance, satisfaction) and effectiveness (exercise compliance, behavioral stage changes, physical function, self-efficacy, decision balance and so on) .Conclusions:The stages of change in TTM can guide the design of intervention frameworks for promoting motor behavior among older adults in the community, and the change program can guide the intervention strategies and design of application forms. The characteristic of the TTM based intervention program for promoting motor behavior among older adults in the community is that it contains intervention strategies that are suitable for each stage of behavior, and has short-term effectiveness and feasibility in terms of results. It is necessary to further clarify the details of the intervention program to explore its long-term effectiveness, and conduct follow-up.

Objective:To conduct a scoping review on gamified exercise interventions for elderly patients with cognitive impairment to provide insights for the application of gamification design in exercise programs for this population.Methods:Guided by the scoping review framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley, a systematic search was conducted in databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and Wiley Online Library. The search covered the period from the establishment of the databases to June 12, 2024. An integrative analysis was performed on the included literature.Results:A total of 12 studies were included. The most commonly used gamification elements were achievement- and progress-oriented features, while the most frequently applied behavior change theories were behavior change techniques and social cognitive theory.Conclusions:Gamification-based exercise interventions can improve adherence to exercise programs in elderly patients with cognitive impairment, promote physical activity, and enhance cognitive function. Future research should focus on combining various theories with different gamification elements to encourage proactive exercise behavior in elderly individuals with cognitive impairment.

【Objective】 To evaluate the clinical value of capsule endoscope in the diagnosis of unexplained abdominal pain. 【Methods】 We made a retrospective analysis of 191 patients with unexplained abdominal pain who sought medical help in our hospital and 25 normal controls. Capsule endoscopy was performed in both groups, small bowel lesions were detected, and clinical data were collected for further analysis. 【Results】 The total small bowel lesion detection rate was 52.87% (101/191) in abdominal pain (AP) patients and 20% (5/25) in the control group, respectively. The detection rate of significant findings (ulcers, erosions, polyps, diverticula, parasites, and neoplastic organisms) was only 16.23% (31/191) in AP patients. In the non-significant findings, no statistical difference in the detection rates for vascular malformation, capillary dilation, and lymphoid follicular hyperplasia were found between the two groups, while the detection rate of intestinal lymphangiectasia was significantly higher in the AP patients (23.56% vs. 4%, P<0.05, OR=7.089). 【Conclusion】 Capsule endoscopy can be an optional choice for diagnosis of unexplained abdominal pain, while the relationship between positive findings and abdominal pain should be further investigated.

This study was designed to investigate the effect of emodin(EMO)on endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)in alveolar macrophages(AMs)of rats with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)and the underlying mechanism.Forty rats were recruited and randomized into four groups:sham-operation(SO)group,SAP group,4-phenylbutyric acid(4-PBA)group and EMO group.The SAP model was established by retrograde injection of 5%sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct.HE staining was performed to observe the pathological changes in the pancreas and lung;the wet/dry weight ratio of lung tissue was calculated.Arterial partial pressure of the oxygen(PaO2)and carbon dioxide(PaCO2)were measured;the serum amylase activity and the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 were evaluated.TUNEL staining was used to determine the cell apoptosis rate of lung tissue;Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of GRP78,ATF6,CHOP,and Caspase-12.Moreover,rat AMs(NR8383)were signed into control(CON)group,lipopolysaccharide(LPS)group,4-phenylbutyric acid(4-PBA)group and EMO group in vitro.Glutathione(GSH)and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in the cell medium were measured,as were the protein expression levels of GRP78,ATF6,CHOP,and Caspase-12 in AMs.For experiments in vivo,compared with the SO group,the pathological score of pancreatic and lung in SAP rats was increased(P<0.05),the levels of serum amylase activity,IL-6 and TNF-α were increased(P<0.05),the wet/dry weight ratio and apoptosis rate of lung tissue were increased(P<0.05),PaO2 was decreased,PaCO2 was increased(P<0.05),and the protein expression of GRP78,ATF6,CHOP and Caspase-12 were increased in lung tissue(P<0.05).Compared with the SAP group,these indexes mentioned above in the 4-PBA and EMO groups were reversed(P<0.05).For experiments in vitro,compared with the CON group,GSH levels were decreased,and MDA levels were increased in the cell medium of LPS group(P<0.05),and the expression of GRP78,ATF6,CHOP and Caspase-12 proteins were upregulated(P<0.05).Compared with the LPS group,these indexes mentioned above in in cell medium of the 4-PBA and EMO groups were reversed(P<0.05).In conclusion,the protective effect of EMO on pancreatic and lung injury in SAP rats may be closely related to the inhibition of ATF6/CHOP pathway-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in AMs.