Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang was first recorded in the Treatise on Cold Damage （Shang Han Lun）. This prescription is composed of Bupleuri Radix， Scutellariae Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Zingiberis Rhizoma， Trichosanthis Radix， Ostreae Concha， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. It has the effects of soothing Lesser Yang， warming the spleen， and stimulating the generation of body fluid. It is mainly used to treat digestive tract diseases such as chronic cholecystitis （CC）， irritable bowel syndrome， and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dyspepsia caused by CC presents a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain， poor appetite， postprandial fullness， aversion to greasy food， soft stool， and bitter mouth， being a type of biliary dyspepsia. In modern medicine， dyspepsia caused by CC is mainly managed by medical treatment and surgical treatment. Internal medicine mainly focuses on reducing inflammation， promoting the function of gallbladder， resolving stones， alleviating spasms， and relieving the pain for CC， demonstrating definite short-term efficacy but suffering from single effects， high recurrence rate， and poor compliance. Although surgical treatment can cure cholecystitis， it is accompanied by the increased incidence of adverse events such as abdominal pain， diarrhea， and dyspepsia. Modern clinical studies have confirmed that Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang can significantly alleviate the symptoms such as abdominal pain and dyspepsia of CC patients. Pharmacological studies have found that Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang mainly contains active ingredients such as Bupleuri Radix saponins， baicalin， cinnamaldehyde， gingerol， Trichosanthis Radix polysaccharide， Ostreae Concha polysaccharide， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma total flavonoids. Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang can ameliorate the symptoms of dyspepsia caused by CC by inhibiting inflammatory responses， improving gallbladder contraction and gastrointestinal motility， regulating the bile acid-intestinal flora axis and the brain-gut axis， and modulating blood lipids through multiple targets. By reviewing the previous literature， this article summarizes the research progress in the treatment of dyspepsia caused by CC with Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang and its main active ingredients as well as the pathogenesis of this disease and puts forward the shortcomings and improvement strategies for the current research. The review aims to provide a reference for the further research on Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang in the treatment of dyspepsia caused by CC.

Objective To assess the potential role of disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) in pan-cancer on prognosis and immunity on the basis of bioinformatics approaches. Methods Pan-cancer RNA-seq data, mutation profiles, clinical information, TMB, MSI, stemness scores, and tumor and immune microenvironment data contained in TCGA and various open-source online databases, and multi-group R-language algorithms were used for comprehensive analysis. The expression levels of DRGs at the cellular level were experimentally validated using qPCR. Results LRPPRC, NCKAP1, NDUFS1, and NUBPL had a better prognosis in renal clear cell carcinoma (P<0.001), whereas SLC7A11, NCKAP1, and SLC3A2 had a worse prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (P<0.001). TME analysis showed that LRPPRC was negatively correlated with immune cells, stromal cells, and estimated scores in all tumor types. TMB analysis revealed the potential research value of DRGs for PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in pan-cancer. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that SLC7A11 (r=0.454), SLC3A2 (r=0.366), and NCKAP1 (r=0.455) were significantly associated with Kahalide F (P<0.01). Experimental validation demonstrated the overall higher expression levels of GYS1 and NCKAP1 than normal cells in lung adenocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma (P<0.05). Conclusion Pan-cancer analysis of DRGs indicates that DRGs may serve as important biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of renal clear-cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To explore the expression of pepsinogen Ⅰ/Ⅱ(PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ),nucleosome assembly protein 1 like protein 1(NAP1L1),and SERPINB5 in the serum of gastric cancer patients and their correlation with prognosis.Methods From February 2019 to February 2022,200 gastric cancer patients admitted to Zhuozhou Hospital were served as the gastric cancer group and another 100 patients with benign gastric lesions who received the treatment at Zhuozhou Hospital during the same period were served as the benign group,with 200 healthy adults as the control group.Chemiluminescence and ELISA methods were used to detect the serum PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ,NAP1L1,and SERPINB5.ROC curve was used to explore the diagnostic value.Kaplan-Meier method was used to explore the survival curve.Moreover,multivariate Cox method was used to analyze the factors that affected the prognosis.Results Compared with the control group,the benign group and gastric cancer group had the lower serum PGⅠ/PG Ⅱ and higher serum NAP1L1 and SERPINB5,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the benign group,the gastric cancer group had the lower serum PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ and higher serum NAP1L1 and SERPINB5,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ,NAP1L1,and SERPINB5 were all influential factors in gastric carcinogenesis(P<0.05).The AUC values of serum PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ,NAP1L1,and SERPINB5 alone in the diagnosis of gastric cancer were 0.821,0.808,and 0.833,respectively.The AUC of the combination of the three was 0.916,indicating that their combined diagnostic value was superior(Z=3.142,3.896,3.114,P<0.05).During the 3-year follow-up period of gastric cancer patients,57 cases died,accounting for 28.50%(57/200),and 143 cases survived.Patients with the high expression of PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ had a higher 3-year overall survival rate after the surgery compared to those with low expression,and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=7.830,P<0.05);and patients with the low expression of NAP1L1 and SERPINB5 had a higher 3-year overall survival rate after the surgery compared to those with high expression,and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=8.612,13.321,P<0.05).The serum PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ levels in the death group were lower than those in the survival group,and the serum NAP1L1,SERPINB5 levels were higher in patients with preoperative lymph node metastasis and TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ than those in the survival group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Elevated level of PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ was a protective factor for the prognosis of gastric cancer patients,while preoperative lymph node metastasis,elevated levels of NAP1L1 and SERPINB5 were risk factors affecting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients(P<0.05).Conclusion Serum PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ levels are decreased and NAP1L1 and SERPINB5 levels are increased in gastric cancer patients,and NAP1L1 and SERPINB5 are risk factors affecting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients,while PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ is a protective factor.

Objectives:To establish a risk prediction model for gastrointestinal bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass heart surgery,and to verify the prediction efficacy. Methods:A total of 1 002 patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass heart surgery in the department of cardiac great vascular surgery of our hospital from January 2019 to November 2023 were collected by convenient sampling method.They were divided into gastrointestinal bleeding group(n=47)and non-gastrointestinal bleeding group(n=955).Logistic regression analysis was used to establish the risk prediction model,and the area under ROC curve test and Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2 test were used to compare the two groups of data Model prediction effect.Bootstrap method was used for internal validation. Results:The risk prediction model of gastrointestinal bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass heart surgery included four predictors:time of aortic occlusion(OR=1.021,95%CI:1.012-1.030),history of digestive disease(OR=5.710,95%CI:1.697-19.212),use of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation(OR=22.180,95%CI:5.870-83.808),and continuous kidney replacement therapy(OR=12.159,95%CI:5.066-29.181).Model formula:Logit(P)=-5.821+0.021×time of aortic occlusion+1.742×history of digestive disease+3.099×whether intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation was used+2.498×whether continuous renal replacement therapy was used.The area under ROC curve was 0.812(95%CI:0.746-0.877),sensitivity was 64.6%,specificity was 85.7%,and Youden index was 0.503.After internal validation by Bootstrap method,the consistency index after correction is 0.813. Conclusions:The risk prediction model constructed in this study cohort has a good auxiliary prediction performance for the occurrence of gastrointestinal bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery,which is helpful for risk stratification for gastrointestinal bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and facilitate clinical decision-making in daily clinical work.

Objective To evaluate the quality and authenticity of Ophiopogon japonicus in Shengmaiyin,establish ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)for the determination of three characteristic components(methylophiopogonanone A,liriopeside B and liriope muscari baily saponin C),and provide technical support for drug supervision.Methods Samples were analyzed on a Phenomenex Kinetex F5 C18 column(100 mm×3.0 mm,2.6 μm)in a gradient elution mode with 0.1％formic acid water and-0.1％formic acid acetonitrile as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min,the column temperature was 30 ℃,and the injection volume was 1 μL.Mass spectrometer detector,electro spray ion source of positive and negative ions,and multi-reaction monitoring mode were used.Results The linear ranges of methylophiopogonanone A,liriopeside B and liriope muscari baily saponin C were 0.016 7-1.666 0,0.039 7-15.872 0 and 0.022 5～8.988 0 ng(r＞0.999 9),respectively.The average recovery rates of these three components were 85.16％,86.95％and 95.07％,respectively,with RSSDs of 2.65％,1.45％and 1.14％(n=6).The content of methylophiopogonanone A in thirty-eight batches was quite different.Seven batches of liriopeside B or liriope muscari baily saponin C were detected.Conclusion The method is simple and sensitive,and suitable for determining of three characteristic components in Shengmaiyin,which provides references for the quality control of Ophiopogon japonicus in Shengmaiyin.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of retinal injury in rats caused by light-emitting diodes(LEDs)with different color rendering indexes(CRIs).Methods Totally 20 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into nor-mal control(NC)group(sunlight),low CRI(CRI-L)group(blue light),medium CRI(CRI-M)group(conventional LED),and high CRI(CRI-H)group(full-spectrum LED),with 5 rats in each group,exposed to light for 12 hours daily for 4 consecutive weeks.Hematoxylin & eosin staining was used to assess morphological changes in the retina.Dihydroethidi-um staining was employed to detect the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in retinal tissues.The messenger ribonu-cleic acid(mRNA)expressions of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing protein 3(NLRP3),Gasdermin D(GSDMD)and Caspase-1 were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),and their protein expressions were measured through immunohistochemical staining.Environmental light spectra were measured using a spectroradiometer.Results Rats in the CRI-L group showed the thinnest retina,followed by the CRI-M group and CRI-H group.The fluorescence intensity of ROS in the NC group,CRI-L group,CRI-M group and CRI-H group was 1.000±0.046,25.060±1.732,14.530±3.776 and 1.821±0.587,respectively.The ROS level in the CRI-H group was significantly lower than that in the CRI-L group and CRI-M group(both P＜0.05).RT-qPCR showed that the relative mRNA expression of NL-RP3 in the NC group,CRI-L group,CRI-M group and CRI-H group was 1.004±0.005,4.004±0.716,2.027±0.303 and 0.741±0.069,respectively;the relative mRNA expression of Caspase-1 was 1.010±0.006,4.337±0.345,2.268±0.058 and 0.713±0.021,respectively;the relative mRNA expression of GSDMD was 1.000±0.000,2.938±0.559,1.955±0.166 and 1.213±0.051,respectively.Compared with the NC group,the relative expressions of NLRP3,Caspase-1 and GSDMD in the CRI-L group and CRI-M group significantly increased(all P＜0.05).The immunohistochemical staining results showed that the fluorescence intensity of NLRP3 in the retina of rats in the NC group,CRI-L group,CRI-M group and CRI-H group was 0.379 4±0.002 2,0.400 7±0.011 4,0.379 0±0.006 9 and 0.377 0±0.007 5,respectively;the fluorescence intensity of Caspase-1 was 0.367 2±0.005 8,0.442 6±0.041 1,0.382 4±0.011 9 and 0.380 6±0.006 5,respectively;the fluorescence intensity of GSDMD was 0.159 5±0.013 4,0.167 5±0.011 9,0.397 6±0.014 3 and 0.377 2±0.022 8,respec-tively.Compared with the NC group,rats in the CRI-L group showed increased fluorescence intensity of NLRP3 and Caspase-1,and rats in the CRI-M and CRI-H showed increased fluorescence intensity of GSDMD(all P＜0.05).The spec-tral comparison revealed that the CRI-H group had a broader spectral coverage and a distribution closer to natural light spectra.Conclusion Conventional LED exposure can induce a decrease in retinal thickness,upregulate the ROS expres-sion in retinal tissues,and increase the expression levels of NLRP3,Caspase-1 and GSDMD.High CRI full-spectrum LEDs can mitigate pyroptosis through the ROS/NLRP3 pathway by optimizing their spectral distribution,offering better biosafety.

Objective:To discuss the effect of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor methyl 3-｛[(4-methyl-phenyl)sulfonyl]amino ｝ benzoate(MS AB)on the fibrogenic response of the human endometrial stromal cells(HESCs),and to provide the foundation for the application of MSAB in the target therapy of intrauteriue adhesion(JUA).Methods:The normal HESCs were cultured in vitro and divided into two groups:control group and transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1)group;the HESCs from the adhesion part of the IUA patients were cultured in vitro,regarded as IUA group.Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of fibrotic marker protein type Ⅰ collagen α1(COL1A1)in the cells in various groups at different time points(0,12,24,48,and 60 h)after treated with TGF-β1.MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation activities of the cells in various groups.Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of the fibrotic marker protein COL1A1,stromal marker proteins such as N-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related protein β-catenin in the cells in control and IUA groups.Based on the MSAB concentrations,the normal HESCs were divided into 0(control),0.25,0.50,0.75,and 1.00 μmol·L-1 MSAB groups,and MTT assay was used to detect the survival rates of the cells in various groups.After treated with MSAB,the normal HESCs were divided into control group(normal HESCs),TGF-β1 group(10 μg·L-1 TGF-β1 induced normal HESCs for 24 h then the drug was withdrawn,replaced with complete culture medium,and the cells continued to be cultured for 24 h),and MSAB group(10 μg·L-1 TGF-β1 induced normal HESCs for 24 h then the drug was withdrawn,replaced with a complete medium containing 0.75 μmol·L-1 MSAB and the cells continued to be cultured for 24 h).Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-related transcription factors Snail,Slug,Smuc,ZEB1,and ZEB2,and COL1A1 mRNA in the cells in various groups.Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of COL1A1,N-cadherin,α-SMA,β-catenin,and c-myc proteins in the cells in various groups.Results:Compared with control group(after treated with TGF-β1 for 0 h),the expression levels of COL1A1 proteins in the HESCs after treated with TGF-β1 for 12,24,48,and 60 h in TGF-β1 group were increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Compared with control group,there was no significant difference in the proliferation activity of the HESCs in IUA and TGF-β1 groups(P＞0.05).Compared with control group,the expression levels of COL1A1,β-catenin,N-cadherin,and α-SMA proteins in the cells in IUA group were increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Compared with control group,the survival rates of the cells in 0.75 and 1.00 μmol·L-1 MSAB groups were decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Compared with control group,the expression levels of Snail,Slug,and COL1A1 mRNA in the cells in TGF-β1 group were increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);compared with TGF-β1 group,the expression levels of Snail,Slug,and COL1A1 mRNA in the cells in MSAB group were decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Compared with control group,after treated with TGF-β1 for 24 h,the expression levels of COL1A1,N-cadherin,α-SMA,β-catenin,and c-myc proteins in the cells in TGF-β1 group were increased(P＜0.01);compared with TGF-β1 group,the expression levels of COL1A1,N-cadherin,α-SMA,β-catenin,and c-myc proteins in the cells in MSAB group were decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion:MSAB can inhibit the fibrogenic responses of the HESCs in vitro,and the results provide the theoretical basis for the application of MSAB in the target therapy of IUA.

Objective To conduct a network meta-analysis on the effectiveness of first-line immunotherapy on patients with brain metastases from advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods Two investigators conducted a computerized search of Pubmed,Embase,Cochrane,and other databases to screen the literature,extract the information,and assess the risk of bias of the included studies.The included clinical trials were statistically analyzed using R(4.1.3)software.For the study outcome indicators OS and PFS,the risk ratios(HRs),and the 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were extracted from the included studies and logarithmically transformed into effect analysis statistics.Results Six randomized controlled trials were finally included,including 327 patients with non-excludable NSCLC brain metastases.Network meta-analysis suggested that PD-1 inhibitor+CTLA-4 was more advantageous than the conventional chemotherapy for enhancing patients'OS(HR:0.13,95%CI:0.03-0.71),followed by PD-L1 inhibitor(HR:0.17,95%CI:0.04-0.74)and PD-1 inhibitor+chemotherapy(HR:0.36,95%CI:0.2-0.63).PD-1 inhibitor+CTLA-4 was also more advantageous(HR:0.37,95%CI:0.15-0.93)than the conventional chemotherapy for boosting patients'PFS,followed by PD-L1 inhibitor+chemotherapy(HR:0.44,95%CI:0.29-0.66)and PD-1 inhibitor(HR:0.48,95%CI:0.27-0.86).Conclusion Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy improves the survival of patients with brain metastases from advanced NSCLC.In particular,the combination of PD-1 inhibitor and CTLA-4 inhibitor show excellent survival benefit.

OBJECTIVE To study the sedative and hypnotic effects of zolpidem and the content of amino acid neurotransmitters in the thalamus and hypothalamus after treatment with zolpidem.METHODS Experiments on the loss of righting reflex(LORR)induced by the upper-threshold dose pentobarbital sodium(50 mg·kg-1,ip)were conducted to establish a hypoxic insomnia model in mice by simulating an altitude of 5500 m.Based on this model,the synergistic effect of zolpidem(0.33,1,3,9 and 27 mg·kg-1,ip)and the subthreshold(20 mg·kg-1,ip)and upper-threshold pentobarbital sodium,as well as the sedative hypnotic effect of zolpidem(10,13,17,20,23,30 and 40 mg·kg-1,ip)were evaluated via the LORR in normoxic and hypoxic environments.One hour after ip given zolpidem,the levels of glutamic acid(Glu)and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)in the thalamus and hypothalamus of mice in either environment were determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)with fluorescence detection.RESULTS One-day treatment with hypoxia significantly shortened the duration of LORR induced by the upper-threshold dose pentobarbital sodium.Compared with normoxia vehicle and hypoxia induced insomnia vehicle groups,zolpidem 9 and 27 mg·kg-1 significantly shortened the latency to LORR(P<0.01,P<0.05)and prolonged duration of LORR induced by subthreshold and upper-threshold pentobarbital sodi-um(P<0.01,P<0.05).The median effective dose(ED50)of LORR induced by zolpidem was 16.21 and 20.55 mg·kg-1 in normoxic and hypoxic environments,respectively.The results of neurotransmitter level detection showed that Glu contents in the thalamus and hypothalamus and the ratio of Glu/GABA in the hypothalamus were decreased after treatment with zolpidem 40 mg·kg-1 in a normoxic environment(P<0.01,P<0.05).Compared with the normoxia control group,Glu content and the ratio of Glu/GABA in the hypothalamus were significantly increased after treatment with hypoxia(P<0.01,P<0.05),and zolpidem 40 mg·kg-1 could reverse their elevation.CONCLUSION The sedative-hypnotic effect of zolpidem is weakened in a hypoxic environment,and the effect of zolpidem on the levels of Glu and GABA in the hypothalamus may play an important role in the sedative-hypnotic effect of zolpidem.

By consulting ancient herbal books and modern literature， this paper systematically sorted out and researched the processing history， relevant processing norms in recent years， modern processing technology， chemical composition changes of processed products and their pharmacological mechanism of Scutellariae Radix， in order to provide a basis for the further development of Scutellariae Radix decoction pieces. According to the textual research of ancient books， there were many kinds of processing auxiliary materials of Scutellariae Radix， such as wine， vinegar， salt， honey， pig bile and so on， among which the wine processing was the most diverse and detailed， and the processed products such as raw products， stir-fried products， wine-processed products， fried charcoal products were still in use. The modern processing techniques of Scutellariae Radix mainly focus on the processing aspects of softening and slicing， wine processing and charcoal frying， and the research methods are relatively unified. At present， it is found that the changed chemical constituents of Scutellariae Radix after processing are flavonoids， polysaccharides， volatile oils and trace elements， etc. Pharmacological effects of processed products are hemostasis， antibacterial， anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， analgesic and antipyretic， treatment of lung diseases， treatment of colitis， etc. However， in the studies of Scutellariae Radix processing， there is a lack of research on the structural changes of chemical components caused by processing and a comprehensive comparative study on the pharmacological effects of various processed products. Based on this， it is suggested to carry out systematic research on the processing technology to processing mechanism， further explore the relationship between the change rule of material basis and pharmacological action before and after processing of Scutellariae Radix， and deepen the exploration of molecular mechanism and clinical application of processed products of Scutellariae Radix， in order to clarify the scientific connotation of the processing mechanism of Scutellariae Radix， and lay a foundation for the subsequent expansion of the application of Scutellariae Radix decoction pieces and the formulation of processing standards.