Objectives:To investigate the effect of non-optimal temperature exposure during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth and identify the susceptible exposure window. At the same time, the interaction between non-optimal temperature and pollutants exposure during pregnancy on preterm birth was analyzed, in order to provide strong clues for the influence of non-optimal temperature exposure during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth.Methods:A total of 1 852 pregnant women were recruited from September 2021 to June 2023 in Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Center. Questionnaire survey was conducted, and their health records were analyzed. The permanent address of each pregnant woman was matched with Fifth Generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Atmospheric Reanalysis of the Global Climate and a geo-statistical combination model based on satellite remote sensing data collection, then follow-up for pregnancy outcome was conducted. Distributed lag nonlinear model was used to assess the association between exposure to non-optimal temperature during pregnancy and the risk for preterm birth and a multiplicative interaction model was used to assess the interaction between exposure to pollutants and non-optimal temperatures during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth.Results:After adjusting for potential confounders such as maternal age, occupation, Gross Domestic Product of the region, pre-pregnancy preconception BMI, newborn sex, the weekly susceptibility windows of extreme low temperature ( P1, P3, P5) were week 1-22 , and the weekly susceptibility windows of extreme high temperature ( P95, P97, P99) were week 27 and week 32-36. Extreme low temperature [ P1 ( OR=1.147, 95% CI: 1.041-1.265), P5 ( OR=1.284, 95% CI: 1.035-1.501)] and extreme high temperature [ P97 ( OR=1.146, 95% CI: 1.039-1.263), P99 ( OR=1.216, 95% CI: 1.099-1.345)] exhibited multiplicative interaction with PM 2.5. Conclusions:Exposure to non-optimal temperature during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for preterm birth. The susceptible exposure windows of extreme low temperature were mainly in early and mid-pregnancy, and the susceptible exposure windows of extreme high temperature were mainly in late-pregnancy. Exposure to non-optimal temperatures and pollutants during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for preterm birth.

Objectives:To investigate the effect of non-optimal temperature exposure during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth and identify the susceptible exposure window. At the same time, the interaction between non-optimal temperature and pollutants exposure during pregnancy on preterm birth was analyzed, in order to provide strong clues for the influence of non-optimal temperature exposure during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth.Methods:A total of 1 852 pregnant women were recruited from September 2021 to June 2023 in Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Center. Questionnaire survey was conducted, and their health records were analyzed. The permanent address of each pregnant woman was matched with Fifth Generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Atmospheric Reanalysis of the Global Climate and a geo-statistical combination model based on satellite remote sensing data collection, then follow-up for pregnancy outcome was conducted. Distributed lag nonlinear model was used to assess the association between exposure to non-optimal temperature during pregnancy and the risk for preterm birth and a multiplicative interaction model was used to assess the interaction between exposure to pollutants and non-optimal temperatures during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth.Results:After adjusting for potential confounders such as maternal age, occupation, Gross Domestic Product of the region, pre-pregnancy preconception BMI, newborn sex, the weekly susceptibility windows of extreme low temperature ( P1, P3, P5) were week 1-22 , and the weekly susceptibility windows of extreme high temperature ( P95, P97, P99) were week 27 and week 32-36. Extreme low temperature [ P1 ( OR=1.147, 95% CI: 1.041-1.265), P5 ( OR=1.284, 95% CI: 1.035-1.501)] and extreme high temperature [ P97 ( OR=1.146, 95% CI: 1.039-1.263), P99 ( OR=1.216, 95% CI: 1.099-1.345)] exhibited multiplicative interaction with PM 2.5. Conclusions:Exposure to non-optimal temperature during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for preterm birth. The susceptible exposure windows of extreme low temperature were mainly in early and mid-pregnancy, and the susceptible exposure windows of extreme high temperature were mainly in late-pregnancy. Exposure to non-optimal temperatures and pollutants during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for preterm birth.

Objective:To analyze the differential genes and related signaling pathways of microglia subpopulations in Parkinson's disease (PD) -like mouse brains induced by paraquat (PQ) based on single-cell RNA sequencing, and provide clues to elucidate the mechanism of PQ-induced PD-like changes in the brain of animals.Methods:In September 2021, six male 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group and experimental group (three mice in each group) . The mice were injected with saline, 10.0 mg/kg PQ intraperitoneally, once every three days, and 10 consecutive injections were used for modeling. After infection, the brains of mice were taken and 10×Genomics single-cell RNA sequencing was performed. Microglia subpopulations were screened based on gene expression characteristics, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed. The differential genes of microglia subpopulations between the experimental group and control group were further screened, and functional enrichment analysis was performed using bioinformatics tools. Mouse microglia (BV2 cells) were treated with 0, 60, 90 μmol/L PQ solution, respectively. And real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR experiments were conducted to validate the expressions of differential genes hexokinase 2 (Hk2) , ATPase H+ Transporting V0 Subunit B (Atp6v0b) and Neuregulin 1 (Nrg1) .Results:Cluster 7 and Cluster 20 were identified as microglia subpopulations based on the signature genes inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase d, Inpp5d (Inpp5d) and transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (Tgfbr1) , and they reflected the microglia-activated M2 phenotype. The bioinformatics analysis showed that the characteristic genes of identified microglia subpopulations were enriched in endocytosis. In terms of molecular function, it mainly enriched in transmembrane receptor protein kinase activity and cytokine binding. The up-regulated genes of Cluster 7 were mainly enriched in lysosomal pathway, endocytosis pathway, and down-regulated genes were mainly enriched in neurodegenerative disease and other signaling pathways. The up-regulated genes of Cluster 20 were mainly enriched in signaling pathways related to PD, and down-regulated genes were mainly enriched in cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathways, neurological development, synaptic function and other signaling pathways. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the expressions of Hk2 mRNA and Atp6v0b mRNA increased and the expression of Nrg1 mRNA decreased in the 90 μmol/L PQ-treated BV2 cells compared with the 0 μmol/L, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:Microglia are activated in the PQ-induced PD-like mouse model and polarized toward the M2 phenotype. And their functions are associated with lysosomal (endocytosis) , synaptic functions and the regulation of PD-related pathways.

Objective:To analyze the differential genes and related signaling pathways of microglia subpopulations in Parkinson's disease (PD) -like mouse brains induced by paraquat (PQ) based on single-cell RNA sequencing, and provide clues to elucidate the mechanism of PQ-induced PD-like changes in the brain of animals.Methods:In September 2021, six male 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group and experimental group (three mice in each group) . The mice were injected with saline, 10.0 mg/kg PQ intraperitoneally, once every three days, and 10 consecutive injections were used for modeling. After infection, the brains of mice were taken and 10×Genomics single-cell RNA sequencing was performed. Microglia subpopulations were screened based on gene expression characteristics, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed. The differential genes of microglia subpopulations between the experimental group and control group were further screened, and functional enrichment analysis was performed using bioinformatics tools. Mouse microglia (BV2 cells) were treated with 0, 60, 90 μmol/L PQ solution, respectively. And real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR experiments were conducted to validate the expressions of differential genes hexokinase 2 (Hk2) , ATPase H+ Transporting V0 Subunit B (Atp6v0b) and Neuregulin 1 (Nrg1) .Results:Cluster 7 and Cluster 20 were identified as microglia subpopulations based on the signature genes inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase d, Inpp5d (Inpp5d) and transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (Tgfbr1) , and they reflected the microglia-activated M2 phenotype. The bioinformatics analysis showed that the characteristic genes of identified microglia subpopulations were enriched in endocytosis. In terms of molecular function, it mainly enriched in transmembrane receptor protein kinase activity and cytokine binding. The up-regulated genes of Cluster 7 were mainly enriched in lysosomal pathway, endocytosis pathway, and down-regulated genes were mainly enriched in neurodegenerative disease and other signaling pathways. The up-regulated genes of Cluster 20 were mainly enriched in signaling pathways related to PD, and down-regulated genes were mainly enriched in cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathways, neurological development, synaptic function and other signaling pathways. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the expressions of Hk2 mRNA and Atp6v0b mRNA increased and the expression of Nrg1 mRNA decreased in the 90 μmol/L PQ-treated BV2 cells compared with the 0 μmol/L, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:Microglia are activated in the PQ-induced PD-like mouse model and polarized toward the M2 phenotype. And their functions are associated with lysosomal (endocytosis) , synaptic functions and the regulation of PD-related pathways.

Background Paraquat (PQ) is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world and a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), but the mechanisms underlying PD are poorly understood. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology can study cellular heterogeneity at genetic level, providing insights into the pathogenesis of PQ-induced PD. Objective To analyze the brain cell grouping of PQ-infected mice and the biological processes involved in the subpopulation of PD-like changes cells by scRNA-seq, and to provide clues for revealing potential mechanisms of PQ-induced PD-like changes in mouse brains. Methods Six male 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, three mice in each group, and were intraperitoneally injected with 0 (saline) and 10.0 mg·kg⁻¹ PD respectively, once every two days, for 10 consecutive injections for modeling. After infection, mouse brains were taken and scRNA-seq was performed. Cell segmentation was performed according to gene expression characteristics of different cell types, PD-related cell subsets were screened by bioinformatics tools, and gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), protein interaction network analysis, and transcription factor prediction were performed on their characteristic genes. Finally, GO and KEGG analyses were performed on the differential genes of PD-associated cell subsets between the PQ-treated group and the control group, and the biological processes in which these genes may participate were analyzed. Results The sequencing data met quality control standards, a total of 55779 cells were obtained, and all cell dimensionality reduction analysis results showed that they could be further divided into 37 clusters, including 5 major cell types. Based on the KEGG analysis of the top 20 characteristic genes of each subpopulation, the specifically expressed Cluster 33 subpopulation (dopaminergic neurons) was screened and found to be significantly associated with PD. The results of GO analysis showed that the biological function of this subpopulation mainly enriched neurotransmitter transport and regulation. The results of GSEA analysis showed that the tyrosine metabolic pathway and the ligand-receptor interaction pathway of neural activity in brain tissues were significantly enriched. The analysis of transcriptional regulatory networks showed that 39 transcription factors were expressed differently. The metabolic pathway of the dopamine neuronal subset, endocytosis, Ras-associated protein 1 (Rap1) signaling pathway, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were all affected by PQ exposure, according to further analysis of its effects on this subpopulation. The GO analysis showed that differential genes were involved in biological processes such as ion transport and synaptic assembly regulation, and were involved in the cellular component formation of cytoplasm and synapses. Conclusion This study has initially mapped the transcriptome of single cells in the mouse brain after PQ exposure, and screened out the specific expression of Cluster 33 subgroup (dopaminergic neurons), which is significantly correlated with PD, and its biological function changes may be one of the mechanisms of PD-like changes in the mouse brain induced by PQ.

Objective: To design the self-rating scale on basic ability in graduates of preventive medicine major, and test its reliability and validity, providing a reliable tool for evaluating the basic ability of graduates. Methods: On the basis of constructing the Evaluation Index System on Basic Ability in Graduates of Preventive Medicine Major, the three-level indexes were converted to specific questions. Self-evaluation scale including 58 items, 22 sub-dimensions and 8 main dimensions were finally designed after pre-survey and expert argumentation. A total of 205 graduates of preventive medicine major from a medical college and 9 experts in the field of public health were selected to completed the questionnaire. Scale's reliability was tested by applying internal consistency reliability and composite reliability; it's validity was tested by applying content validity and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Scale's α coefficient of internal consistency reliability was 0.976; α coefficient and combination reliability of eight main dimensions were both higher than 0.8; the content validity index S-CVI of the scale was 0.94, the content validity index I-CVI of the item level was 0.78 to 1.00; the average variance extraction amount (AVE) of the eight main dimensions was higher than 0.50. Fitting of the structural model with the item used as observation indexes was reasonable (χ²/df=1.749, RMR=0.036, RMSEA=0.061, NFI=0.801, IFI=0.904, TLI=0.904, CFI=0.903), and the sub-dimension as used observation indexes was good(χ²/df=1.876, RMR=0.032, RMSEA=0.066, NFI=0.913, IFI=0.958, TLI=0.945, CFI=0.957). Conclusion This scale is the first self-rating scale on the basic ability in graduates of preventive medicine major on the basis of the National Standards of Teaching Quality on Public Health and Preventive Medicine, with good reliability and validityl. It is able to achieve quantitative evaluation on graduates' basic abilities.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension in ocean seamen and major influencing factors,as well as the association between hypertension and serum microRNA21 and microRNA133a.Methods Health examination and a questionnaire survey were performed for 780 ocean seamen who underwent physical examination in an international travel healthcare center in Fujian,China from January to June,2014.TaqMan RT-qPCR was used to measure the serum levels of microRNA21 and microRNA133a in seamen with hypertension.Results The prevalence of hypertension differed significantly between the ocean seamen with different ages,education levels,marital status,body mass index (BMI) values,drinking frequencies,and numbers of sailing years (P＜0.05).The prevalence rate of hypertension in the ocean seamen increased with the increasing drinking frequency (x2=9.02,P＜0.05),decreased with the increase in degree of education (x2=1 1.578,P＜0.05),and increased with the increase in the number of sailing years (x2=28.06,P＜0.05).The hypertensive ocean seamen had significantly higher expression levels of microRNA21 and MicroRNA133a than the healthy ocean seamen (microRNA21:7.87±5.46 vs 1.03 ±0.80,P ＜0.05;MicroRNA133a:7.45±1.94 vs 4.52±1.15,P＜0.05).The multivariate analysis showed that a high level of microRNA21 (OR=1.61,95％CI:1.22～2.11),a high level of microRNA133a(OR=1.52,95％CI:1.24～1.87),drinking(OR=1.64,95％CI:1.08～2.50),overweight based on BMI(OR=1.18,95％CI:1.07～1.30),and many sailing years (OR=2.89,95％CI:1.14～7.30) were risk factors for hypertension.Conclusion The prevention and treatment of hypertension in ocean seamen should be enhanced.Excessive drinking should be controlled,and sailing time should be arranged reasonably.The microRNA21 and microRNA133a may be associated with the development and progression of hypertension in ocean seamen.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension in ocean seamen and major influencing factors,as well as the association between hypertension and serum microRNA21 and microRNA133a.Methods Health examination and a questionnaire survey were performed for 780 ocean seamen who underwent physical examination in an international travel healthcare center in Fujian,China from January to June,2014.TaqMan RT-qPCR was used to measure the serum levels of microRNA21 and microRNA133a in seamen with hypertension.Results The prevalence of hypertension differed significantly between the ocean seamen with different ages,education levels,marital status,body mass index (BMI) values,drinking frequencies,and numbers of sailing years (P＜0.05).The prevalence rate of hypertension in the ocean seamen increased with the increasing drinking frequency (x2=9.02,P＜0.05),decreased with the increase in degree of education (x2=1 1.578,P＜0.05),and increased with the increase in the number of sailing years (x2=28.06,P＜0.05).The hypertensive ocean seamen had significantly higher expression levels of microRNA21 and MicroRNA133a than the healthy ocean seamen (microRNA21:7.87±5.46 vs 1.03 ±0.80,P ＜0.05;MicroRNA133a:7.45±1.94 vs 4.52±1.15,P＜0.05).The multivariate analysis showed that a high level of microRNA21 (OR=1.61,95％CI:1.22～2.11),a high level of microRNA133a(OR=1.52,95％CI:1.24～1.87),drinking(OR=1.64,95％CI:1.08～2.50),overweight based on BMI(OR=1.18,95％CI:1.07～1.30),and many sailing years (OR=2.89,95％CI:1.14～7.30) were risk factors for hypertension.Conclusion The prevention and treatment of hypertension in ocean seamen should be enhanced.Excessive drinking should be controlled,and sailing time should be arranged reasonably.The microRNA21 and microRNA133a may be associated with the development and progression of hypertension in ocean seamen.

Objective To study the effect of animation in the course of medical statistics.Methods By convenience cluster sampling,271 undergraduates in two classes were recruited from the specialty of medical image,medical anesthesia and medical laboratory.The experimental group (n =139) and control group (n =132) were set up randomly.The animation design is only used in the teaching process among the experimental group,while traditional teaching method without animation was used in the control group.All participants were surveyed by questionnaire for the effectiveness after one week of the curriculum closure.SPSS 15.0 software was used to do data entry and statistical analysis and two-sample t-test was used to compare the differences in text scores between two groups.Evaluation was made on the courseware of animation in experimental group.P ＜ 0.05 signifies that the differences have statistical significances.Results The test scores in experimental group (79.62 ± 9.34)were significantly higher than those in control group (77.10 ± 9.18; P ＜ 0.05).More than 85 ％ of the experimental students think animation can stimulate their enthusiasm in studying medical statistics; and help them better understand the key points and main difficulties of the statistical knowledge.Conclusion It suggests that animation can enable students to study better the course of medical statistics.