Objective: To analyze the association of mother-child interaction and screen exposure of preschool children with psychological and behavioural problems, so as to provide guidance for promoting the psychological development of preschool children. Methods: From November to December 2024, a convenience cluster sampling method was used to survey 2 977 mothers of preschool children in Daguan and Yingjiang districts of Anqing City. The Chinese Parent-Child Interaction Scale (CPCIS) was applied to evaluate the quality of mother-child interaction, and the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) was used to assess the psychological and behavioral problems of preschool children. Binary Logistic regression was applied to analyze the association of mother-child interaction, screen exposure and their combined effect on psychological and behavioral problems among preschool children. Results: The detection rate of psychological and behavioral problems among preschool children was 13.9%. Binary Logistic regression results showed that low scores of mother-child interaction ( OR=2.31, 95%CI =1.72-3.11) and high screen exposure ( OR= 1.52 , 95%CI =1.23-1.88) were higher risks for psychological and behavioral problems in preschool children; the results of the combined effect showed that preschool children in low scores of mother-child interaction and low screen exposure group ( OR=2.18, 95%CI =1.46-3.28), low scores of mother-child interaction and high screen exposure group ( OR=3.13, 95%CI =2.10- 4.65 ) had significantly higher risks of abnormal detection in psychological and behavioral problems, compared to those in the high scores of mother-child interaction and low screen exposure group respectively (all P <0.05). Conclusions Both screen exposure and mother- child interaction are associated with psychological and behavioral problems in preschool children. High quality mother-child interaction can relieve the adverse effects of screen exposure on preschool children s psychological and behavioral development.

Objective:To investigate whether octyl ester derivative of ginsenoside Rh2(Rh2-O)can induce immunogenic cell death of Huh-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and possible mechanism.Methods:Huh-7 cells were cultured in vitro,and divided into control group,Rh2-O group,positive control group(mitoxantrone treatment).Viability and apoptosis of cells were detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometry,respectively.Concentrations of high mobility family protein 1(HMGB1)and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)in supernatant were detected by ELISA and chemiluminescence assay,respectively.Membrane eversion of calreticulin(CRT)was detected by immunofluorescence assay.ROS level in cells was detected by fluorescence probe DCFH-DA,and expressions of proteins associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway were detected by Western blot.Results:Rh2-O treatment significantly reduced cell viability,promoted apoptosis,induced secretion of HMGB1,ATP,membrane eversion of CRT,increased accumulation of ROS in cells,and enhanced expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins PERK,eIF2α,p-eIF2α(all P<0.05).After addition of endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid(4-PBA),membrane eversion of CRT induced by Rh2-O was significantly inhibited(P<0.05).Conclusion:Rh2-O can induce immunogenic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma cells,whose mechanism may be associated with activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and promotion of CRT membrane eversion.

Establishing a comprehensive mechanism for the initiation and review of investigator-initiated trial(IIT) plays an important role in ensuring the scientific validity of clinical research and improving research quality.Since 2021, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University had actively explored improvements in the project management of IIT. The hospital had established a standardized grading review management process, developed an integrated clinical research management system, established a three-level clinical research training system, built a methodological support platform, and formulated research plan templates, gradually formed a standardized grading project approval review management mode. As of February 2024, the hospital had completed 400 quick reviews and more than 400 expert letter reviews based on the integrated clinical research management system. The efficiency and quality of IIT project approval had been improved. At the same time, over 40 academic salons and forums had been held, cultivating a group of young clinical research talents, providing data management training for more than 30 clinical departments, and promoting the improvement of the quality of research protocol. In the future, hospitals should further optimize their information systems, expand the influence of their training systems, enhance the capabilities of their methodological support platforms, and improve the efficiency of the application of clinical research protocol templates, so as to escort the establishment and implementation of high-quality clinical research projects and provide references for other hospitals′ IIT project management.

AIM:To investigate the effects of sodium hydrosulfide(NaHS)on hexokinase 2(HK2)-nucleo-tide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)-gasdermin D(GSDMD)pathway and pyroptosis in-duced by lung ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)in rats.METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups:control group,control+NaHS group,I/R group,low-dose NaHS+I/R(L+I/R)group,medium-dose NaHS+I/R(M+I/R)group,and high-dose NaHS+I/R(H+I/R)group,with 6 rats in each group.The NaHS was administered via intraperi-toneal injection at 1.5 mL,30 min before modeling.The left lung tissues were collected 30 min after ischemia and 1 h af-ter reperfusion,and the wet/dry weight ratio and total lung water content were recorded.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to examine lung tissue morphological changes.The levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),myeloperoxidase(MPO)and lactate in lung tissues were measured with test kits.ELISA was employed to determine the levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-18.The expression of glycolysis-and pyroptosis-related indicators was analyzed by Western blot,qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining.RESULTS:Compared with control group,the rats in NaHS group showed no signifi-cant differences in all laboratory tests(P>0.05).The rats in I/R group exhibited significant lung injury,oxidative stress,increased lactate level,and up-regulated glycolysis and pyroptosis(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with I/R group,the indicators in L+I/R group showed a downward trend(P<0.01)or no difference(P>0.05),while those in M+I/R group dis-played a significant reduction(P<0.05 or P<0.01).However,the indexes in H+I/R group exhibited no significant dif-ferences in these tests(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION:A moderate dose(56 μmol·L-1·kg-1)of NaHS mitigated the oc-currence of pyroptosis by inhibiting the HK2-NLRP3-GSDMD pathway,thus contributing to the attenuation of lung I/R in-jury in rats.

Objective To study the effect of spectrum irradiation combined with operative laparoscopy on inflammatory reaction and immune function in children with appendicitis.Methods 120 children with appendicitis from January 2022 to January 2023 were selected as the study subjects,randomly divided them into two groups using a random number table method:the control group(n = 60)and the study group(n = 60).The control group underwent laparoscopic minimally invasive appendectomy,and the study group underwent spectrum irradiation combined with laparoscopic minimally invasive appendectomy.The two groups compared perioperative recovery,procalcitonin(PCT),C-reactive protein(CRP)level,cellular immune function(CD4+,CD8+,and CD4+/CD8+),humoral immune function[immunoglobulin M(IgM),immunoglobulin G(IgG),C3,and C4],pain visual analogue scale(VAS),Alvarado score,and treatment effect and postoperative complication rate.Results Compared with the control group,the study group showed a significant reduction in the time to first anal exhaust and hospital stay after surgery,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with preoperative levels,the levels of PCT and CRP in both groups of patients increased at 12 and 24 h postoperatively,with the highest levels occurring at 12 h postoperatively;The PCT and CRP levels in the study group were lower than those in the control group at 12 and 24 h after surgery,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with preoperative data,the CD4+,CD8+,and CD4+/CD8+ levels decreased in both groups at 12 and 24 h postoperatively,with the lowest levels observed at 12 h postoperatively;The CD4+,CD8+,and CD4+/CD8+ levels in the study group were higher than those in the control group at 12 and 24 h after surgery,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with preoperative levels,the levels of IgM,IgG,C3,and C4 in both groups of patients decreased after surgery,with the lowest levels occurring 12 h after surgery;The levels of IgM,IgG,C3,and C4 in the study group were higher than those in the control group at 12 and 24 h after surgery,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with preoperative conditions,the VAS and Alvarado scores in both groups of patients decreased at 12 and 24 h after surgery.The VAS and Alvarado scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group at 12 and 24 h after surgery,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the study group had a higher overall effective rate and a lower total incidence of complications,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Spectrum irradiation combined with operative laparoscopy can reduce postoperative inflammatory reaction,and improve immune function in children with appendicitis,shorten inflammatory reaction and immunosuppression time,reduce pain,and have a low incidence of postoperative complications,with ideal effect.

Objective To investigate the mechanism that Rubescensine A reduces the podocyte damage induced by high glucose(HG)through the autophagy pathway mediated by AMP activated protein kinase/silent information regulator 1(AMPK/SIRT1)pathway.Methods Human glomerular podocytes were cultured in vitro,and randomly divided into Control group(Con),HG group,hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)group,and Rapamycin(RAP)group.CCK-8 was used to detect cell viability.Western blotting was used to detect cell apoptosis and podocyte injury related protein expression in each group.The podocyte model induced by high glucose(HG)was treated with Rubescensine A(Rub A)at different concentrations and the optimal concentration was selected.Then,human glomerular podocytes were randomly divided into Con group,HG group,Rub A group,Compound C group,and Rub A+Compound C group.The expression of autophagy,AMPK/SIRT1 pathway related proteins were detected in each group.Results Compared with Con group,the podocyte viability and the protein expressions of Synaptopodin and Bcl-2 was significantly reduced(P<0.05),while the protein expressions of Desmin and Bax were significantly increased in HG group(P<0.05).Compared with the HG group,all indicators were relieved in RAP group.However,the levels of all indicators were worsened in HCQ group.Compared with Con group,the expression levels of Desminand Bax proteins in podocytes were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the podocyte viability,number of autophagosomes,the expression levels of Synaptopodin,Bcl-2,microtubule associated protein light chain 3(LC3)II/I,Beclin-1,p-AMPK/AMPK and SIRT1 proteins were significantly reduced in HG group(P<0.05).Compared with HG group and Rub A+Compound C group,the above indicators were improved in Rub A group.Compound C group reversed the protective effect of Rub A.Conclusion Rubescensine A can promote autophagy by activating AMPK/SIRT1 pathway,thereby reduce podocyte damage induced by high glucose.

Objective:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a common metabolic disorder in overweight and obese children,and its etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear,lacking effective preventive and therapeutic measures.This study aims to explore the association between whole blood copper,zinc,calcium,magnesium and iron levels and NAFLD in overweight and obese children aged 6 to 17 years,providing a scientific basis for the prevention and intervention of early NAFLD in overweight and obese children. Methods:A cross-sectional study design was used to collect relevant data from overweight and obese children who visited the Hunan Children's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 through questionnaire surveys.Fasting blood samples were collected from the subjects,and various indicators such as blood glucose,blood lipid,and mineral elements were detected.All children were divided into an overweight group(n=400)and a NAFLD group(n=202).The NAFLD group was divided into 2 subgroups according to the ALT level:A non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFL)group and a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)group.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between minerals(copper,zinc,calcium,magnesium,and iron)and NAFLD,NAFL and NASH. Results:A total of 602 subjects were included,of whom 73.6%were male,with a median age of 10(9,11)years,and a body mass index(BMI)of 24.9(22.7,27.4)kg/m2.The intergroup comparison results showed that compared with the overweight group,the NAFLD group had higher levels of age,BMI,diastolic blood pressure(DBP),systolic blood pressure(SBP),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein(LDL),alanine transaminase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and lower level of high density lipoprotein(HDL).The NAFL group had higher levels of age,BMI,DBP,SBP,ALT,and AST,and lower levels of HDL compared with the overweight group.The levels of age,BMI,DBP,SBP,TG,LDL,ALT,and AST of NASH were higher than those in the overweight group,while the level of HDL was lower than that in overweight group(all P<0.017).After adjusting for a variety of confounders,the OR of NAFLD for the highest quantile of iron was 1.79(95%CI 1.07 to 3.00)compared to the lowest quantile,and no significant association was observed between copper,zinc,calcium,and magnesium,and NAFLD.The subgroup analysis of NAFLD showed that the OR for the highest quantile of iron in children with NAFL was 2.21(95%CI 1.26 to 3.88),while no significant association was observed between iron level and NASH.In addition,no significant associations were observed between copper,zinc,calcium,and magnesium levels and NAFL or NASH. Conclusion:High iron level increases the risk of NAFLD(more likely NAFL)in overweight and obese children,while copper,zinc,calcium,magnesium,and other elements are not associated with the risk of NAFLD in overweight and obese children.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic basis for 4 patients with globozoospermia. METHODS: Semen and blood samples were collected from the patients for the determination of sperm concentration, viability, survival rate, morphology and acrosome antigen CD46. Meanwhile, DNA was extracted for whole exome sequencing (WES), and candidate variants were validated by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: All of the four patients were found to harbor variants of the DPY19L2 gene. Patients 1 ~ 3 had homozygous deletions of the DPY19L2 gene. Sanger sequencing confirmed that the DPY19L2 gene in patient 3 was disrupted at a recombination breakpoint area BP2, resulting in nonallelic homologous recombination and complete deletion of the DPY19L2 gene. Patients 2 and 3 respectively harbored novel homozygous deletions of exons 2 ~ 22 and exons 14 ~ 15. Patient 4 harbored heterozygous deletion of the DPY19L2 gene, in addition with a rare homozygous deletion of the 3' UTR region. CONCLUSION DPY19L2 gene variants probably underlay the globozoospermia in the four patients, which has fit an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance and the characteristics of genomic diseases.
Male ; Humans ; Teratozoospermia/genetics* ; Homozygote ; Semen ; Sequence Deletion ; 3' Untranslated Regions ; Membrane Proteins

Objective:To investigate the correlation between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) during clopidogrel treatment in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods:Patients with ischemic stroke who received maintenance dose of clopidogrel (75 mg/d) in the Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from January 2017 to March 2021 were retrospectively included. The highest quartile (Q4) of the TyG index was defined as insulin resistance. Platelet reactivity was assessed by thromboelastogram and clopidogrel HTPR was defined as the clot strength induced by adenosine diphosphate (MA ADP) >47 mm. Multivariate regression model was used to analyze the independent correlation between TyG index and platelet reactivity. Results:A total of 83 patients were included. The TyG index showed a linear correlation with MA ADP. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the quartile of TyG index. The incidence of clopidogrel HTPR increased significantly with the increase of the quartile of the TyG index ( Ptrend=0.017). Multivariate analysis showed that there was a significant independent correlation between insulin resistance and clopidogrel HTPR (odds ratio 4.597, 95% confidence interval 1.285-16.446; P=0.019). Conclusions:In patients with ischemic stroke treated with clopidogrel, the incidence of clopidogrel HTPR gradually increases with the increase of the quartile of the TyG index. The insulin resistance assessed by the TyG index is independently associated with clopidogrel HTPR.

There is currently a huge worldwide demand for donor kidneys for organ transplantation. Consequently, numerous marginal donor kidneys, such as kidneys with microthrombi, are used to save patients' lives. While some studies have shown an association between the presence of microthrombi in donor kidneys and an increased risk for delayed graft function (DGF) (McCall et al., 2003; Gao et al., 2019), other studies have demonstrated that microthrombi negatively impact the rate of DGF (Batra et al., 2016; Hansen et al., 2018), but not graft survival rate (McCall et al., 2003; Batra et al., 2016; Gao et al., 2019). In contrast, Hansen et al. (2018) concluded that fibrin thrombi were not only associated with reduced graft function six months post-transplantation but also with increased graft loss within the first year of transplantation. On the other hand, Batra et al. (2016) found no significant differences in the DGF rate or one-year graft function between recipients in diffuse and focal microthrombi groups. To date, however, the overall influence of donor kidney microthrombi and the degree of influence on prognosis remain controversial, necessitating further research.
Humans ; Thrombotic Microangiopathies ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Tissue Donors ; Kidney ; Allografts