Objective: To explore the associations of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) among primary and secondary school students and their parents, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted physical activity promotion strategies for children and adolescents. Methods: From 2021 to 2022, basic information and 24 h movement behaviors of 2 484 pairs of students and their parents were collected from five primary and secondary schools in Haizhu District, Guangzhou City, with a convenient sampling combining with cluster sampling method. Component regression models were constructed to analyze the relationship between parental MVPA, SB and primary and secondary school students MVPA and SB, and a component isochronous substitution model was used to explore the effects of mutual substitution between parental MVPA, residual components (time use components other than SB during the 24 h period), and SB on the behavioral activities of MVPA and SB in primary and secondary school students. Results: Parental MVPA and SB of students in grade 1 to 3 were positively correlated with both students MVPA and SB ( β=0.06, 0.12, P <0.01). The component isochronous substitution model showed that substituting 10 and 20 minutes of MVPA for SB by parents in grade 1 to 3 was associated with an increase in MVPA of students, and substituting 10 and 20 minutes of residual ingredients for SB was associated with a decrease in SB of students, with mean changes of 0.8 (95% CI =0.4-1.2) and 1.4 (95% CI =0.7-2.2) and -1.4 (95% CI =-1.7 to -1.1) and -2.9 (95% CI =-3.4 to -2.3)( P <0.05). No statistically significant associations were observed between parents of students in grades 4 to 6 and 7 to 9 and students physical activity and sedentary behaviour ( P >0.05). Conclusions Parents of students in grades 1 to 3 increases MVPA and decrease SB are beneficial to increase MVPA and decrease SB of students. Parents could promote physical activity among primary and secondary school students, and the intervention gateway should be advanced, with the low grades as the optimal intervention period.

Objective: To analyze the association between different sleep statuses and overweight/obesity among primary school students, so as to provide a basis for the development of childhood overweight and obesity prevention and control strategies. Methods: In November 2023, a total of 3 391 primary school students of grade 1-6 from seven schools in Baoan District, Shenzhen, were surveyed by questionnaires and physical examinations by using multistage cluster sampling. The Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between primary school students sleep status and overweight/obesity. Results: The detection rate of overweight/obesity in primary school students was 22.59%, the detection rate of overweight/obesity in boys (27.04%) was higher than that in girls (17.44%), the only child (25.81%) had higher rates than nononly child (21.76%), and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=51.48, 5.98, P＜0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, after controlling for confounders, primary school students weekend nighttime sleep duration (OR=0.83, 95%CI=0.75-0.91), weekly average nighttime sleep duration (OR=0.76,95%CI=0.64-0.89), and weekend compensated sleep duration (OR=0.89,95%CI=0.81-0.97) were negatively associated with the risk of developing overweight/obesity (P＜0.05). Compared with to primary school students with school days nap durations <0.5 h, those whose napped for 0.5-＜1 h and ≥1 h on school days had a 20% (OR=1.20, 95%CI=1.02-1.42) and 37% (OR=1.37, 95%CI=1.02-1.83) increased risk of overweight/obesity, respectively (P＜0.05). Conclusions Increasing weekend nighttime sleep duration, average weekly nighttime sleep duration, and weekend compensatory sleep duration can reduce the risk of overweight and obesity in primary school students. School days nap duration is a risk factor for overweight/obesity among primary school students.

Pyroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death that can efficiently enhance the immune response by inducing cell lysis and inflammation, thereby facilitating tumor immunotherapy. Recently, an increasing number of studies have revealed close relationships between pyroptosis and nanomedicine, which has been regarded as a new strategy for developing nanomedicine-based immunotherapy for highly effective therapy of various cancers. In this review, the development and associated signaling pathways for pyroptosis, including the correlation between pyroptosis and anti-tumor immunity, were first presented. Then, various nanomedicines that induce pyroptosis for tumor therapy, especially immunotherapy, were systematically discussed. Finally, the current challenges and constructive perspectives in this field were proposed.

Perineural invasion (PNI) by tumor cells is a key phenotype of highly-invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Since Schwann cells (SCs) and fibroblasts maintain the physiological homeostasis of the peripheral nervous system, and we have focused on cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) for decades, it's imperative to elucidate the impact of CAFs on SCs in PNI⁺ OSCCs. We describe a disease progression-driven shift of PNI^- towards PNI⁺ during the progression of early-stage OSCC (31%, n = 125) to late-stage OSCC (53%, n = 97), characterized by abundant CAFs and nerve demyelination. CAFs inhibited SC proliferation/migration and reduced neurotrophic factors and myelin in vitro, and this involved up-regulated ER stress and decreased MAPK signals. Moreover, CAFs also aggravated the paralysis of the hind limb and PNI in vivo. Unexpectedly, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was exclusively expressed on CAFs and up-regulated in metastatic OSCC. The LIF inhibitor EC330 restored CAF-induced SC inactivation. Thus, OSCC-derived CAFs inactivate SCs to aggravate nerve injury and PNI development.
Schwann Cells/metabolism* ; Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Humans ; Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/metabolism* ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism* ; Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology* ; Male ; Female ; Mice ; Cell Movement/physiology* ; Cell Proliferation/physiology* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor/metabolism* ; Middle Aged

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features,diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the primordial odontogenic tumour(POT).Methods Clinical data of 4 cases of jawbone POT were collected.Imaging examination,HE,and immunohistochemical EnVision two-step staining was used to an-alyze their clinical and pathological characteristics,and relevant literatures were reviewed.Results The age arranged from 5 years to 21 years.2 cases were male and 2 case were female.There were 2 cases in maxilla and 2 cases in mandible.The clinical presentation was a slow growing painless mass.Cut sur-face of the tumor was appeared grayish yellow and grayish white,the tumor involved the crown of an unerupted tooth.The tumour consisted of a proliferation of spindled and stellate cells in myx-oid stroma.Surfaced by cuboidal to columnar epithelium forming papillary structures and invaginations.Calcification was observed in 2 cases.Conclusion POT is a rare benign mixed odontogen-ic tumor that is more common in children and adolescents.Mas-tering its characteristic histological morphology can make a cor-rect diagnosis.Local complete resection of the tumor has a good prognosis.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of precocious puberty on glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in female rats. MethodsSixty two-day-old female rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. When aged 5 days， the precocious puberty group and normal group were given a single subcutaneous injection of danazol and solvent soybean oil respectively. The vaginal opening of rats was monitored from their 21 days of age. After 12 hours of fasting， all successful modeling rats were randomly executed within 3 days after vaginal opening， when aged 7 and 12 weeks. Then we measured the rats’ body weight and length， determined the concentrations of glucose， insulin， blood lipids， estradiol， leptin and adiponectin with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and observed the pathological changes of perirenal fat， uterus and ovary. ResultsFor body weight and length， rats in the precocious puberty group were smaller than those in the normal group within 3 days after vaginal opening， but which did not affect their subsequent growth and development， and there was no significant difference between the two groups at 7 and 12 weeks of age. Within 3 days after vaginal opening， insulin levels had significant difference between the two groups （P = 0.001）， the precocious group showed hyperinsulinemia and increased number of perirenal adipocytes. At three execution times， no significant difference was noted in estradiol， leptin and adiponectin levels between the two groups. The same was true in the ratios of ovary or uterus to body weight between the two groups. ConclusionsPrecocious puberty makes earlier onset of pubertal development and allows body maladaptation to the sudden changes of the internal environment. However， the changes due to precocious puberty are temporary and reversible， and they may become normal in adulthood.

Abstract: To date, the investigation of the functional composition of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban has been mainly focused on the triterpenoid saponins, with little research on the other compositions. The acetic acid-induced writhing, Eddy's hot plate and formalin tests were employed to investigate the anti-nociceptive effects of madecassic acid (MA). The experiment was divided into normal control group, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) group, and the MA groups of low (10 mg/kg), medium (20 mg/kg) and high (40 mg/kg) dosage. Meanwhile, the anti-nociceptive effect of MA on the acetic acid and formalin-induced nociceptive models in the absence and presence of NAL (naloxone hydrochloride) was evaluated. To have an insight into the anti-nociceptive mechanisms of MA, the capsaicin- and glutamate-induced paw licking tests were also employed to evaluate the involvement of the vanilloid and glutamatergic systems, respectively. Results showed that MA exhibited good anti-nociceptive activity in the acetic acid-induced writhing test and the second phase of formalin test; the anti-nociceptive effect of MA in both the acetic acid and formalin-induced nociception was not effectively removed by NAL; MA (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg) effectively reduced the duration of biting/licking the capsaicin-injected paw with inhibition rates of 29.5% and 64.4%, respectively; MA (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg) distinctly shortened the time spent in biting/licking the glutamate-injected paw by 30.9% and 56.1%, respectively. In summary, MA induces significant peripheral anti-nociceptive effect, and the anti-nociceptive activities probably involve the modulation of glutamatergic systems and vanilloid systems (TRPV1) instead of the opioidergic system.

Objective: To understand the relationship between parental nutritional literacy and dietary behaviors of primary school students in Bao an District of Shenzhen, so as to provide a basis for promoting childhood healthy eating habits. Methods: In December 2022, a total of 2 293 students in grades 4-6 and their parents from seven schools in Baoan District, Shenzhen were surveyed with questionnaire by using stratified cluster random sampling method. Multiple linear regression model was used to explore the relationship between parental nutrition literacy and dietary behaviors among primary school students. Results: The mean score of parental total nutritional literacy was (75.04±8.08), and the mean scores of the three dimensions for basic knowledge and concepts, basic skills and lifestyle and dietary behaviors were (24.23±2.45) (34.99±5.61), and (15.82±2.56), respectively. The mean total nutrient literacy score of parents with normal body mass index (BMI) was (75.47±8.04), which was higher than that of parents with abnormal BMI (74.45±7.85) ( t=2.78, P <0.01); and the mean dietary behavior score of primary school students whose parents were sufficient nutritional literacy (32.45±3.02) was higher than those of parents with low nutritional literacy ( 30.98± 3.60) ( t=9.22, P <0.01). In multiple linear regression analyses, after adjusting for gender, grade, household registration, parental education, parental occupation, whether living with their parents, and parental BMI of primary school students and other factors, parental basic knowledge and concepts ( β=0.13, 95%CI =0.07-0.19), basic skills ( β=0.10, 95%CI =0.08-0.13), lifestyle and dietary behaviors ( β=0.28, 95%CI =0.23-0.34), and total nutritional literacy level ( β=0.09, 95%CI =0.07-0.11) were positively correlated with healthy dietary behaviours of primary school students ( P <0.05). Conclusions As parental nutritional literacy increases in Bao an District of Shenzhen, unhealthy dietary behavior among primary school students also relatively decreases. It s recommended that comprehensive parental nutritional literacy interventions should be enhanced to foster healthy dietary behaviors in children.

BACKGROUND:Currently,there have been a variety of conservative and surgical treatment plans for spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee,achieving excellent results.However,a broad consensus on indication and guide of surgical treatment has not been announced.In clinical practice,there is still a misunderstanding that unicondylar replacement or total knee arthroplasty should be performed upon the discovery of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee,while an urgent need for universal access to the concept of stepwise therapy. OBJECTIVE:To summarize and find the factors leading to the poor effect of conservative treatment in spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee,which occurred on the medial femoral condyle,from the literature and clinical cases,at the same time,combined with the Koshino stage,to propose the strategy of stepwise spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee treatment on the medial femoral condyle. METHODS:A systematic search of the literature database was conducted to summarize the factors leading to poor outcomes of conservative treatment in spontaneous osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle.Meanwhile,according to the Clinical&Health Records for analytics&Sharing system,the cases receiving conservative and surgical treatment in spontaneous osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle in the Department of Orthopedics of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from January 2017 to January 2023 were analyzed retrospectively,then the causes of success and failure in typical cases were summarized and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Early diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee were very important for prognosis.For sudden knee pain in some patients,if no obvious abnormality was found in the X-ray examination,and the symptoms persisted and could not be relieved for more than 1 week,an MRI examination was recommended to detect early spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee.(2)The X-ray images of Koshino stage 1 and stage 2 of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle were difficult to be distinguished,which needed to be probed by MRI.MRI images of Koshino stage 1 were mainly characterized by bone marrow edema,and an osteonecrosis area with a clear boundary was not formed,while MR images of Koshino stage 2 showed a necrotic area with a clear boundary.(3)Five factors leading to the poor effect of conservative treatment on spontaneous osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle were summarized:a.The necrotic area was＞5 cm2;b.The necrotic area accounted for more than 40%of the condyle;c.relative compression percentage of medial meniscus≥33%(with or without medial meniscus injury and subchondral bone marrow edema);d.MRI depth of necrotic area(anterior-posterior diameter of sagittal necrotic area)＞20 mm;e.varus deformity of lower limb＞6°.(4)Conservative treatment of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee in Koshino stage 1 was good.For spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee in Koshino stage 2,conservative treatment was preferred or combined with drilling decompression.If there was no relief or improvement of symptoms or in MRI after 3 months,while the patient had any of the previous five factors,then knee preservation surgery should be considered.For spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee in Koshino stage 3 and stage 4,knee preservation surgery should be selected based on the previous five factors,including age,gender and activity level of the patient.Total knee arthroplasty was used for spontaneous osteonecrosis in Koshino stage 4,which was associated with symptomatic patellofemoral arthritis,valgus alignment,or necrotic area,which greatly affected the stability of unicondyle prosthesis.