Tumor ribonucleic acid(RNA)vaccines,which are emerging as promising cancer immunotherapies,have achieved significant technological breakthroughs during the COVID-19 pandemic.These vaccines activate immune responses through precise antigen expression.However,they face challenges such as suboptimal delivery efficiency and insufficient immunogenicity.Current studies focus on three design strategies:conventional messengerribonucleic acid(mRNA),self-amplifying mRNA,and circular RNA(circRNA)vaccines coupled with lipid nanoparticles(LNP)and polyethylene glycol(PEG)optimization for enhanced delivery.Clinical trials have demonstrated the synergistic effic-acy of RNA vaccines in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors,chemotherapy,or oncolytic viruses.However,clinical translation is hindered by the complexity of antigen selection and storage stability limitations.In this review,we systematically summarize the recent clin-ical advancements in tumor RNA vaccines,analyze their technical challenges,and propose innovative strategies to address the current thera-peutic bottlenecks to guide future research and clinical applications.

ObjectiveTo explore whether fluoroethylnormemantine （FENM）， an NMDA receptor antagonist， could improve compulsive-like behaviors and to investigate its underlying mechanisms in the RU24969-induced obsessive-compulsive disorder （OCD） mouse model. MethodsThirty-two mice were randomly assigned to four groups： Saline （n=8）， RU24969 （n=8）， RU+FENM （n=8）， and FENM （n=8）. Mice received FENM or an equivalent volume of saline for pre-treatment， followed by RU24969 or saline for model induction 30 minutes later. Behavioral tests were performed 1 hour after modeling， and serum samples were collected to measure the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）. Evans Blue dye was intravenously injected to assess dye content in brain tissue， thereby evaluating potential blood-brain barrier damage. ResultsFENM treatment significantly improved repetitive stereotyped circling behavior （F=39.850， P＜0.001） and alleviated persistent motor activity （F=50.200， P＜0.001） in RU24969 model mice. Additionally， FENM treatment significantly increased serum BDNF level in RU24969-induced OCD mice （F=18.930， P＜0.001）. ConclusionsFENM ， an NMDA receptor antagonist， may alleviate compulsive behaviors in OCD mice by modulating BDNF levels ， thereby exerting anti-compulsive effects. Neither the RU24969 model nor FENM treatment significantly affectes blood-brain barrier integrity.

The clinical application of binocular endoscope relies primarily on the visual system of physicians to create a three-dimensional effect, but it cannot provide accurate depth information. The utilization of 3D reconstruction technology in binocular endoscopy can facilitate the recovery of image depth information, and the application of deep learning-based 3D reconstruction technology can significantly improve the accuracy and real-time performance of reconstruction results, making it widely applicable in the realm of minimally invasive surgery. This paper aims to explore the key technologies and implementation methods of deep learning based 3D reconstruction for binocular endoscopic images, and seeks to outline strategies for enhancing the quality of 3D reconstruction in endoscopic images, providing guidance for sustainable development of binocular endoscopic image reconstruction technology in clinical settings. This will assist in the application of minimally invasive surgery and contribute to meeting the demands of precision medicine.
Deep Learning ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods* ; Humans ; Endoscopy/methods* ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures

Objective:To evaluate the clinically curative effect of intervention treatment of electronic bronchoscope in treating tracheobronchial tuberculosis at clinical activity stage.Methods:Sixty patients with tracheobronchial tuberculosis at clinical activity stage(type I,II,III and VI)who admitted to Liuzhou People's Hospital from September 2020 to September 2023 were selected,and they were divided into drug group(anti-tuberculosis drug treatment)and combination group(anti-tuberculosis drug treatment+interventional treatment with electronic bronchoscope)by the random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.The curative effects of the two groups were observed,and the negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria,clinical symptom scores(cough symptom,expectoration symptom)before and after treatment,Modified British Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale(mMRC)score between two groups were compared,and the differences in indicators of pulmonary function such as forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC)and maximum voluntary ventilation(MVV)between the two groups also were compared.And then,the incidence of complications was calculated.Results:During the 1,2 and 3 months of follow-up,there were respectively 21 cases,27 cases and 30 cases occurred negative conversion of sputum bacteria in 30 patients of the combination group,and there were respectively 15 cases,18 cases and 23 cases occurred negative conversion of sputum bacteria in 30 patients of the drug group.At the 1st month of follow-up,the negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria in combination group was higher than that in drug group,while there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).At the 2nd and 3rd month of follow-up,the negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria in the combination group was higher than that in the drug group,and the differences were statistically significant(x2=7.200,7.925,P<0.05).The effective rate of treatment of the combination group was 100%,which was higher than 80%of the drug group,and the difference of that between two groups was significant(x2=6.667,P<0.05).After 2 months of treatment,the mMRC score,cough symptom score and expectoration symptom score of the combination group were all lower than those of the drug group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=3.504,3.950,3.530,P<0.05).The improvement effects of FEV1,FVC and MVV of the combination group were all better than those of the drug group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=6.626,4.966,4.097,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Anti-tuberculosis drug therapy combined with electronic bronchoscopy intervention has a good therapeutic effect in clinically active tracheobronchial tuberculosis.

Objective:To evaluate the clinically curative effect of intervention treatment of electronic bronchoscope in treating tracheobronchial tuberculosis at clinical activity stage.Methods:Sixty patients with tracheobronchial tuberculosis at clinical activity stage(type I,II,III and VI)who admitted to Liuzhou People's Hospital from September 2020 to September 2023 were selected,and they were divided into drug group(anti-tuberculosis drug treatment)and combination group(anti-tuberculosis drug treatment+interventional treatment with electronic bronchoscope)by the random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.The curative effects of the two groups were observed,and the negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria,clinical symptom scores(cough symptom,expectoration symptom)before and after treatment,Modified British Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale(mMRC)score between two groups were compared,and the differences in indicators of pulmonary function such as forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC)and maximum voluntary ventilation(MVV)between the two groups also were compared.And then,the incidence of complications was calculated.Results:During the 1,2 and 3 months of follow-up,there were respectively 21 cases,27 cases and 30 cases occurred negative conversion of sputum bacteria in 30 patients of the combination group,and there were respectively 15 cases,18 cases and 23 cases occurred negative conversion of sputum bacteria in 30 patients of the drug group.At the 1st month of follow-up,the negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria in combination group was higher than that in drug group,while there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).At the 2nd and 3rd month of follow-up,the negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria in the combination group was higher than that in the drug group,and the differences were statistically significant(x2=7.200,7.925,P<0.05).The effective rate of treatment of the combination group was 100%,which was higher than 80%of the drug group,and the difference of that between two groups was significant(x2=6.667,P<0.05).After 2 months of treatment,the mMRC score,cough symptom score and expectoration symptom score of the combination group were all lower than those of the drug group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=3.504,3.950,3.530,P<0.05).The improvement effects of FEV1,FVC and MVV of the combination group were all better than those of the drug group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=6.626,4.966,4.097,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Anti-tuberculosis drug therapy combined with electronic bronchoscopy intervention has a good therapeutic effect in clinically active tracheobronchial tuberculosis.

Tumor ribonucleic acid(RNA)vaccines,which are emerging as promising cancer immunotherapies,have achieved significant technological breakthroughs during the COVID-19 pandemic.These vaccines activate immune responses through precise antigen expression.However,they face challenges such as suboptimal delivery efficiency and insufficient immunogenicity.Current studies focus on three design strategies:conventional messengerribonucleic acid(mRNA),self-amplifying mRNA,and circular RNA(circRNA)vaccines coupled with lipid nanoparticles(LNP)and polyethylene glycol(PEG)optimization for enhanced delivery.Clinical trials have demonstrated the synergistic effic-acy of RNA vaccines in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors,chemotherapy,or oncolytic viruses.However,clinical translation is hindered by the complexity of antigen selection and storage stability limitations.In this review,we systematically summarize the recent clin-ical advancements in tumor RNA vaccines,analyze their technical challenges,and propose innovative strategies to address the current thera-peutic bottlenecks to guide future research and clinical applications.

Naked-eye 3D display technology has excellent 3D visual effects and does not require wearable devices assistance.It can present the depth,position and complex structure information of 3D medical images,allowing viewers to obtain information about tissues and organs from different points,reducing cognitive load,contributing to medical teaching and opening up innovative methods for planning and diagnosis.Naked-eye 3D augmented reality display can display medical images in real 3D space,achieving virtual and real vision.It helps a lot to medical research.The applications of naked-eye 3D display technology in three major aspects of medical diagnosis,clinical surgery and rehabilitation training is reviewed in the study.It provides the direction for the subsequent research in medical field,thus assisting medical research and improving medical practice.

Purpose To explore the value of three-dimensions densely connected convolutional networks(3D-DenseNet)in the differential diagnosis of high-grade gliomas(HGGs)and single brain metastases(BMs)via MRI,and to compare the diagnostic performance of models built with different sequences.Materials and Methods T2WI and T1WI contra-enhanced(T1C)imaging data of 230 cases of HGGs and 111 cases of BMs confirmed by surgical pathology in Lanzhou University Second Hospital from June 2016 to June 2021 were retrospectively collected,and the volume of interest under the 3D model was delineated in advance as the input data.All data were randomly divided into a training set(n=254)and a validation set(n=87)in a ratio of 7∶3.Based on the 3D-DenseNet,T2WI,T1C and two sequence fusion prediction models(T2-net,T1C-net and TS-net)were constructed respectively.The predictive efficiency of each model was evaluated and compared by the receiver operating characteristic curve,and the predictive performance of models built with different sequences were compared.Results The area under curve(AUC)of T1C-net,T2-net and TS-net in the training and validation sets were 0.852,0.853,0.802,0.721,0.856 and 0.745,respectively.The AUC and accuracy of the validation set of T1C-net were significantly higher than those of T2-net and TS-net,respectively,and the AUC and accuracy of the validation set of TS-net were significantly higher than those of T2-net.There was a significant difference between T1C-net and T2-net models(P<0.05),while there were no statistical differences between the models of TS-net and T2-net,T1C-net and TS-net(P>0.05).The T1C-net model based on 3D-DenseNet had the best performance,the accuracy of the validation set was 80.5%,the sensitivity was 90.9%,the specificity was 62.5%.Conclusion The 3D-DenseNet model based on MRI conventional sequence has better diagnostic performance,and the model built by T1C-net sequence has better performance in differentiating HGGs and BMs.Deep learning models can be a potential tool to identify HGGs and BMs and to guide the clinical formulation of precise treatment plans.

Porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2)is the main pathogen causing porcine circovirus related diseases.PCV2 infection in pigs may lead to porcine dermatitis and nephrotic syndrome(PDNS)and weaned piglets multiple system failure syndrome(PMWS),etc.At present,the pathogenic mechanism is not fully understood.PCV2 is a single strand of negative link DNA,which can cause immune suppression in the body and lead to increased secondary susceptibility,which has a syner-gistic effect with various pig diseases and brings major economic losses to the pig industry.Al-though there are commercial vaccines,the prevention of vaccines has certain limitations and there is no effective drug treatment so far,an outbreak will threaten people's life and health and public safety,resulting in significant economic losses.In order to understand the latest progress of PCV2 escape mechanism and prevention and control,this paper summarizes the inhibition of interferon production,regulation of apoptosis,regulation of autophagy,regulation of pyroptosis and inflam-matory response,evasion of adaptive immune response,and prevention and control of PCV2,in or-der to provide new theoretical ideas for the research and prevention and control of PCV2.

Objective To construct an evaluation index system for the capability of comprehensive control of mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis based on the One Health concept, so as to provide insights into the control and elimination of mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis using the One Health approach. Methods A preliminary evaluation index system was constructed based on literature review, panel discussions and field surveys. Thirty-three experts were selected from 7 provincial disease control and prevention centers in Beijing Municipality, Hebei Province, Shanxi Province, Henan Province, Sichuan Province, Shaanxi Province and Gansu Province where mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis was endemic, and two rounds of expert consultations were conducted to screen the indicators. The positive coefficient, degree of concentration, degree of coordination, and authority of the experts were calculated, and the normalized weights of each index were calculated with the analytic hierarchy process. Results The response rates of questionnaires during two rounds of expert consultation were both 100.00% (33/33), and the authority coefficients of the experts were 0.86 and 0.88, respectively. The coefficients of coordination among experts on the rationality, importance, and operability of the indicators were 0.392, 0.437, 0.258, and 0.364, 0.335, 0.263, respectively (all P values < 0.05). Following screening, the final evaluation index system included 3 primary indicators, 17 secondary indicators, and 50 tertiary indicators. The normalized weights of primary indicators “external environment”, “internal support” and “comprehensive control” were 16.98%, 38.73% and 44.29%, respectively. Among the secondary indicators of the primary indicator “external environment”, the highest weight was seen for natural environment (66.67%), and among the secondary indicators of the primary indicator “internal support”, the lowest weight was seen for the scientific research for visceral leishmaniasis control (8.26%), while other indicators had weights of 12.42% to 13.38%. Among the secondary indicators of the primary indicator “comprehensive control”, the weight was 16.67% for each indicator. Conclusions An evaluation index system has been constructed for the capability of comprehensive control of mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis based on the One Health concept. In addition to assessment of the effect of conventional mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis control measures, this index system integrates the importance of top-level design, organizational management, and implementation of control measures, and includes indicators related to multi-sectoral cooperation.